chess-The Oxford Companion to Chess - First Edition by David Hooper & Kenneth Whyld

DIAGRAM, a piclorial representation ol the board
a.d men. Co.ventiotr.lly, White plays up the page
and so, at one rime, White wd called eutb, Black
northi the king\ side was east, the qneen\ west.
Today this sunives only in the rarely used opening
names East I ian ed West Indian.
DIAGR {M BLANK, a prinrcd diagram ol the
chess'board silhout any men.
DICE, componenls, perhapsfour sidedrusd in the
forerunncB oI chess. The throw oI the die
dete.mined which piece v6 to be noved. Possibly
die were introduced to a gane ol skill so that
playes 6ight gambtei nore Probably dice were an
essential part of a divinalion @remony which cade
lo be sedhnzed as a gam€ of skil
DTCTIONARY or ENCYCLOPEDIA O*' CIIESS.
names used interchangeably for books olvanous
kinds. Three encyclop€dic Borks were published in
tne 19tn .entury: J. de la Tone, Di.ciohano del
jueeo det akdrez 6 ra sea tocobulzro (Barcelona.
1825): AL*NDRE. ,rcy.lorldk dd ichecs (P.tis.
1837)j and E. CarroUsieli (18t2 94), Mncdloaeo
sul gibco deeli scacchi (Naples, 1861). T1'e li^l
containsihelawsolchessbdedonpHrLrDoR sbool
and dennitions ot chc$ terms (49 pP.) and
illustrations oflhe ches$board, ..des ol squares.
standard notation, and a tnight\ tour (4 pp. ). TI'e
second contains only opening variations. The third
is the nearesr approach lo a conprebensive
Ia t92s slovu Shakh atbto (Dictionaty oJ
Cres) was published at Lc.ingrad in an isstre ot
6.000 @piesi it was Nritlen by a teao ol nve
RNsia. expe.rs includine oIBEL and LrvENFtsH,
and lor the 6st line there are entries for Fople
and elenls. This ad ,ollowed by Sinchez P€rez\
Diccionatio ltunrada de Aiedrez (Madrid, 1934)
Aho inlhe 1930s a few unsucesslul altemptswere
m.de to publish such \norts serially in ches
periodicah. The next snch book, and 1he 6rst in the
English loguage, *6 B. J. Horroa s Dicliohory af
Modcn cn€sr (Ne* York, 1959).
Sin@ then encyclopedias bale been published in
several @untries, nolably a. Italian work by
cqr.o and Po.reca in 1971. There are aho books
rhat specialize,like Alexandre\. For example the
f,!J1inne!.^ Otlod Enctctopertia of ches Ganes
7a8J-7866 (Or{ord, t98i) by D. Levy and K.
o'co.nel ontains .bout 4,001ganes. (See aho
ENcYcLoPEDh oF cEEss omxlNcs, )
DIDACTIC POSIIrON, a position mmposed or
lrom play, often an endgame, used ior itulrudion.
Such positions show ide6 dd principles that are ol
ge.eral appli@tion and they differ in this rcspccr
fron sludies shich are exceptio.al positionsi but
DILARAM'S MATE 91
the dislinclion is not alvals clear-cDt. Exceptional
pcirions can be found tiat wo d not be likely to
ocor in a gane although the play niSht reveal
ideas useful to the player.
%t& 'ffi
vlx&,i
ww ww
#'*
ffi* w
A study by MlERsrADr that won firsl Prize in a
toumey held in honour of the French Play{ Marcel
LaMre (185G193?), La Statagie, 1936. 1 Kd5
(putting Blact in ng ang) L . . Ba5 2 Nb5+
Kb4 3 Nd4 Ka4 4Nc6Bb6 s Kc4 (zugzNang) 5
...Bc7 6 Kc5, ard White wins by noving his king
10 b7. The play shows an idea.onnon lo all such
endgamcs: the sirotrger parly s @nrrol oI all
squares otr a di.gonal (here a5-d8) o@pied by a
defending bishop. For othe. srudies thal have
didactic conlenl s DEspENo, ouADRANr, and
DlEz DEL CORXAL. JESUS (193! ), Spanish
player, Intematioral Grmdnaster (1974), ac@uo
tmi. The claims of his professional worh prevenl
his @6pcting f.eq&n{y jn chess elenls; but he
won the chmpionship oI his @untry twice,
acnieved his besl tournanen! resu,t shen he cane
semnd (+5=4) to uuBorEua at Olot 19?2, and
played fo. his muntry in sevcral olydPiads from
1960.
DUK (pron. Dike), NILS GUSTAV CERARD
vAN (193! ), NoNegian @oposer. International
Master roi Ches Compositions (1%1),
Inbmational Judce or Chess composidons (1%6),
hank omcial. Born in Indonesia.hewdioternedi.
Java during tLe Seond World War with his Dtrtch
fathei and No egiao mother, afterwards set{ing
in Bergen. In 1951 he beme interested in chess
probloms published in the local newspape. and
within a ieq nonths bega. lo compoF, beoming
in time one of the world s leadinA @6posers of
orthodox rwo- and EEE Mowrs. (See RU{HL'S
DILAR,aM'S MATE. a mare that occnrred in a
famons loth-cenrury problen attribnted 10 as