PRINCE HENRY THE NAVIGATOR

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SKETCH-MAP OF FRA MAURO'S MAPPE- MONDE 274 As reduced and simplified in Lelewel's Atlas. The corners of the table are filled up with four small circles representing: (1) The Ptolemaic System in the Spheres. (2) The lunar influences over the tides. (3) The circles described in the terrestial globe. (4) A picture of the expulsion from Eden, with the four sacred rivers. MAP OF 1492 293 (B. Mus., Add. mss. 15760). This gives a general view of the Portuguese discoveries along the whole W. coast of Africa, and just beyond the Cape of Good Hope, which was rounded in 1486.
This volume aims at giving an account, based throughout upon original sources, of the progress of geographical knowledge and enterprise in Christendom throughout the Middle Ages, down to the middle or even the end of the fifteenth century, as well as a life of Prince Henry the Navigator, who brought this movement of European Expansion within sight of its greatest successes. That is, as explained in Chapter I., it has been attempted to treat Exploration as one continuous thread in the story of Christian Europe from the time of the conversion of the Empire; and to treat the life of Prince Henry as the turning-point, the central epoch in a development of many centuries: this life, accordingly, has been linked as closely as possible with what went before and prepared for it; one third of the text, at least, has been occupied with the history of the preparation of the earlier time, and the difference between our account of the eleventh-and fifteenthcentury Discovery, for instance, will be found to be chiefly one of less and greater detail. This difference depends, of course, on the prominence in the later time of a figure of extraordinary interest and force, who is the true hero in the drama of the Geographical Conquest of the Outer World that starts from Western Christendom. The interest that centres round Henry is somewhat clouded by the dearth of complete knowledge of his life; but enough remains to make
Page 1 and 2: PRINCE HENRY THE NAVIGATOR GATEWAY
Page 3 and 4: G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS NEW YORK 27 WES
Page 5 and 6: CHAPTER V. GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENCE IN
Page 7 and 8: ILLUSTRATIONS. MAIN GATE OF THE MON
Page 9 and 10: THE WORLD ACCORDING TO PTOLEMY LIST
Page 11 and 12: the Mediterranean at a right angle,
Page 13: the year 1346, whose voyage in sear
Page 17 and 18: with the Greek, in his edition of A
Page 19 and 20: XII. For Chapter XII. (From Boyador
Page 21 and 22: sumptuousness of this example prepa
Page 23 and 24: the Prince had started. Da Gama, th
Page 25 and 26: PRINCE HENRY THE NAVIGATOR. The Lus
Page 27 and 28: from China to Spain are arranged in
Page 29 and 30: coast line, even of the familiar Eu
Page 31 and 32: Starting with the notion of the wor
Page 33 and 34: of Bath (the translator of the grea
Page 35 and 36: the shape of the world ("in the for
Page 37 and 38: The doctors of the Koran indeed tho
Page 39 and 40: interest in land traffic, conquest,
Page 41 and 42: preserved by Edrisi. A few years la
Page 43 and 44: presented to Caliph Hakem—one of
Page 45 and 46: on board a boat, and after three da
Page 47 and 48: survey of the Eastern Empire was th
Page 49 and 50: CHAPTER I. EARLY CHRISTIAN PILGRIMS
Page 51 and 52: Christian enterprise in this field
Page 53 and 54: Most of the pilgrims, like Jerome's
Page 55 and 56: We come back again to fact with rat
Page 57 and 58: and below the firmament live the an
Page 59 and 60: Cosmas is almost unnoticed in the g
Page 61 and 62: conversion of England, which Gregor
Page 63 and 64: Jor-Dan, the "glorious church" of H
Page 65 and 66:
Bernard's account closes with the R
Page 67 and 68:
CHAPTER II. VIKINGS OR NORTHMEN. CI
Page 69 and 70:
islands of "Antillia," of "Atlantis
Page 71 and 72:
esults for our story; and the third
Page 73 and 74:
een made in their turn centres of c
Page 75 and 76:
first signs of spring Thorwald orde
Page 77 and 78:
equal share in the gain. Leif lent
Page 79 and 80:
Thorfinn ever returned to Vinland,
Page 81 and 82:
The Venetian, Welsh, and Arabic cla
Page 83 and 84:
Upsala against their more vexatious
Page 85 and 86:
Northern spirit, and it was through
Page 87 and 88:
Norsemen, and they must partly go t
Page 89 and 90:
But from the Peace of Wedmore (878)
Page 91 and 92:
Byzantine Emperors had broken the s
Page 93 and 94:
centuries was almost out of sight a
Page 95 and 96:
Human reason did its work so well b
Page 97 and 98:
see from this how the religious and
Page 99 and 100:
Abbot Daniel of Kiev in himself is
Page 101 and 102:
us—in King Sigurd of Norway (1107
Page 103 and 104:
ead in the society of the Popes and
Page 105 and 106:
falls into a lake (the Caspian Sea)
Page 107 and 108:
Marco, were trading (1255-65) to th
Page 109 and 110:
way, by a turn due north. In 1275 t
Page 111 and 112:
"In the world there is not its like
Page 113 and 114:
lakes having beds of pearls," and o
Page 115 and 116:
Of Polo's account of Hindu customs,
Page 117 and 118:
The Indian travels of the Italian N
Page 119 and 120:
THE S.W., OR AFRICAN SECTION OF THE
Page 121 and 122:
Jayme Ferrer left Majorca "to go to
Page 123 and 124:
chief of these, Jean de Béthencour
Page 125 and 126:
CHAPTER V. GEOGRAPHICAL SCIENCE IN
Page 127 and 128:
"Prima dedit nautis usum magnetis A
Page 129 and 130:
they had some sort of natural guide
Page 131 and 132:
parallels; but until the death of H
Page 133 and 134:
famous and perfect of the 498 are I
Page 135 and 136:
ight to become a people, while that
Page 137 and 138:
as it were unifying position in mod
Page 139 and 140:
people against nobles and clergy, a
Page 141 and 142:
(c. 1250), left the European kingdo
Page 143 and 144:
he had contracted. For her sake he
Page 145 and 146:
conditions of success they lie at t
Page 147 and 148:
Alliance of England, Flanders, and
Page 149 and 150:
Lusitanian Prince of Thomson's line
Page 151 and 152:
death in 1460, he kept his mind upo
Page 153 and 154:
(2.) Again, Henry was founding upon
Page 155 and 156:
other classes, traders, fighters, o
Page 157 and 158:
1486, if Magellan made the circuit
Page 159 and 160:
western shoulder of the continent.
Page 161 and 162:
Day." It would have been false resp
Page 163 and 164:
men, hurling the Christians to the
Page 165 and 166:
share some six hundred columns of m
Page 167 and 168:
eastern part of the merchant town,
Page 169 and 170:
caravels he sent out to find that r
Page 171 and 172:
CHAPTER IX. HENRY'S SETTLEMENT AT S
Page 173 and 174:
know." We would gladly know more of
Page 175 and 176:
as their guide. Now, as before, Zar
Page 177 and 178:
and so prevented the export of anyt
Page 179 and 180:
enterprise, and then being lost to
Page 181 and 182:
enemy, appearing as it did sometime
Page 183 and 184:
captains passed fifty leagues—one
Page 185 and 186:
their miserable goods behind. All t
Page 187 and 188:
CHAPTER XI. HENRY'S POLITICAL LIFE.
Page 189 and 190:
with prudence and piety, lest the p
Page 191 and 192:
ack at the same time; the Europeans
Page 193 and 194:
"Christian dogs" as they passed thr
Page 195 and 196:
The wreck of all his hopes left him
Page 197 and 198:
Parliament. For another year Henry
Page 199 and 200:
some progress "in his wearisome see
Page 201 and 202:
skirmish, which was not convenient
Page 203 and 204:
Then, when the matter was well over
Page 205 and 206:
he had been," though as for the res
Page 207 and 208:
storm, before he left that land of
Page 209 and 210:
five miles beyond, into the bank or
Page 211 and 212:
So, as the beginning of general int
Page 213 and 214:
Lord," but it is very few who start
Page 215 and 216:
advance. If two sailors, Diego Cam
Page 217 and 218:
een already passed several times, b
Page 219 and 220:
In the early days of Portuguese exp
Page 221 and 222:
So with a cheerful impudence, in th
Page 223 and 224:
great cape, which he named Cape Ver
Page 225 and 226:
water from wells, spoke a tongue an
Page 227 and 228:
Men like Pacheco and his friends we
Page 229 and 230:
CHAPTER XIII. THE ARMADA OF 1445. h
Page 231 and 232:
turned about to wait for them, "as
Page 233 and 234:
especially the River of Nile. It wi
Page 235 and 236:
But the negroes returned the fire w
Page 237 and 238:
who came in peace and friendship. A
Page 239 and 240:
CHAPTER XIV. VOYAGES OF 1446-8. nd
Page 241 and 242:
itself to be a Gallician pirate, th
Page 243 and 244:
they turned upon it and in the figh
Page 245 and 246:
to the Court of Henry at Sagres by
Page 247 and 248:
his fifth object, the conversion of
Page 249 and 250:
The second is the "true account of
Page 251 and 252:
oat, even the lightest, they would
Page 253 and 254:
Martin Behaim, now at Nuremberg, th
Page 255 and 256:
CHAPTER XVI. THE TROUBLES OF THE RE
Page 257 and 258:
HENRY IN MORNING DRESS, WITH GREAT
Page 259 and 260:
Though at first leave could hardly
Page 261 and 262:
onds of matrimony. For his father,
Page 263 and 264:
March, 1455, Cadamosto sailed for M
Page 265 and 266:
mountain of Ætna, and is full fift
Page 267 and 268:
plunder all this coast as far as th
Page 269 and 270:
wishes, he takes it, leaves the sal
Page 271 and 272:
shore only the wandering Azaneguys,
Page 273 and 274:
On this adventurous journey, of whi
Page 275 and 276:
and yet know well enough where we w
Page 277 and 278:
poor wretch, instructed to enquire
Page 279 and 280:
touch the sea." To make up for the
Page 281 and 282:
Was there no one nearer than Farosa
Page 283 and 284:
instead of flow and ebb being six h
Page 285 and 286:
there were groves of palms near the
Page 287 and 288:
"Such were the things told me by th
Page 289 and 290:
Mahomet, whom they believe. At last
Page 291 and 292:
"Two years afterwards King Affonso
Page 293 and 294:
COIMBRA UNIVERSITY OF WHICH HENRY W
Page 295 and 296:
a new gold coinage—the Cruzado—
Page 297 and 298:
almost hopeless to try and recognis
Page 299 and 300:
No ships as we have seen could sail
Page 301 and 302:
wonder. And none who worthily came
Page 303 and 304:
CHAPTER XX. THE RESULTS OF PRINCE H
Page 305 and 306:
that school of thought and practice
Page 307 and 308:
For after all the modern Christian
Page 309 and 310:
to the south. It was a great disapp
Page 311 and 312:
hands high, was carved in front wit
Page 313 and 314:
voyage of sixteen months, performed
Page 315 and 316:
Abyssinian travellers surveyed all
Page 317 and 318:
second great stream of modern disco
Page 319 and 320:
onward and outward movement of the
Page 321 and 322:
[22]As completed about A.D. 1000-10
Page 323 and 324:
INDEX. • A • Abulfeda, 28 • A
Page 325 and 326:
• Bojador, southmost point of Chr
Page 327 and 328:
• Daniel of Kiev, Abbot, 85 • D
Page 329 and 330:
• Geographical record, last befor
Page 331 and 332:
• returns to Court, 156; • is m
Page 333 and 334:
• Italian, merchants, first, who
Page 335 and 336:
• discussion of problems, 20; •
Page 337 and 338:
• drawn with aid of compass, 121
Page 339 and 340:
• is rewarded, 166; • heads thr
Page 341 and 342:
The Story of the Nations. MESSRS. G
Page 343 and 344:
" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " 318 T
Page 345 and 346:
Heroes of the Nations. EDITED BY EV
Page 347 and 348:
Cicero, and the Fall of the Roman R
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PRINCE HENRY THE NAVIGATOR

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