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I-4 Index Efficiency, (cont.) mechanical, 659 overall, 659 polytropic, 688 volumetric, 659 Elbows, losses in, 422 Elevation head, 103, 124 Energy: available, 230 internal, 223, 580 kinetic, 103, 223 per unit mass, 223 per unit volume, 233 per unit weight, see Head potential, 103, 223 specific, 542 stored, 223 useful, 230 Energy equation, see First law of thermodynamics Energy line, 123, 430, 541 English engineering system of units, 8 Enthalpy, 226, 581 Entrance length, 388, video V8.10 Entrance loss, 417 Entrance region, 283, 388, 417 Entropy, 240, 583 Equations: general homogeneous, 5 of motion, 279 restricted homogeneous, 5 Equation of state, 12, 580 Equipotential line, 287 Equivalent length, 416 Euler, L., 27, 28, 279, 349 Eulerian description of motion, 150, video V6.2 Euler number, 347, 349, 372 Euler turbomachine equation, 652 Euler’s equations, 94, 279 Exhauster, 673 Exit pipe loss, 419, video V8.10 Expansion wave, 608, 635, video V11.5, video V11.8 Extensive property, 166 External flow, 461 Eye, 653 Falling head curve, 659 Fan, 645, 673 Fanning friction factor, 396 Fanno line flow, 609 basic equations of, 609 choking length for, 613 normal shock in, 613 graph for computations of, 722 T–s diagram, 610, 613 Favorable pressure gradient, 490 Field representation, 148, video V4.2 Finite control volume analysis, 187 Finite difference: grid, 702, 703 method, 701 Finite element: mesh, 702 method, 701 Finite volume, 701 First law of thermodynamics, 223, 225, video V5.13, video V5.14 First moment of area, 59 Fittings, losses in, 422 Flap, airfoil, 516, video V9.17, video V9.18 Flat plate: Blasius solution, 476, 477 momentum integral equation, 478 laminar flow, 480 turbulent flow, 485 roughness effect, 487 Floating body, 69, video V2.7 Flow coefficient, 667, 683 FlowLab, 712 Flow measurement: external flow Pitot-static tube, 106, video V3.8 Pitot tube, 124, 632, video V3.8 internal flow: bellows meter, 447 nozzle meter, 119, 442 nutating disk meter, 446, video V8.14 orifice meter, 119, 442 rotameter, 445, video V8.13 turbine meter, 446 Venturi meter, 119, 443, video V3.10 open channel flow: sluice gate, 120, 566 weir, 120, 561, video V10.13 Flow meters, see Flow measurement Flow net, 287 Flowrate: mass, 112, 189 volume, 112, 190 Flow separation, 468, 492, video V9.6, video V9.13 Flow visualization, 151, video V4.1, video V4.6, video V4.9, video V7.16, video V9.13, video V11.4 Fluid: definition, 3 ideal, 281 inviscid, 279 Newtonian, 15 non-Newtonian, 16, video V1.6 Fluid dynamics, 11 Fluid machines, 646, videos V12.1–V12.4 Fluid mechanics, history of, 27 Fluid particle, 94 Fluid properties: graphs of, 714 tables of, 12, 14, 714 Fluid statics, 11 equilibrium in, 40 forces in, 57 pressure height relation, 42, 46, 48 Force: anchoring, 202, 206 body, 40, 201, 276 buoyant, 68, video V2.6, video V2.7 compressibility, 347 drag, 302, 463, 493 gravity, 347
Index I-5 hydrostatic: on curved surfaces, 66, video V2.5 on plane surfaces, 57, video V2.4 inertia, 347 lift, 302, 463 pressure, 57, 66, 347 shear, 14 surface, 40, 201, 276 surface tension, 24, 350, video V1.9 viscous, 15, 348 Forced vortex, 291 Form drag, 495 Forward curved blades, 657 Forward difference, 703 Francis turbine, 682 Free jet, 110, video V3.9 Free-stream velocity, 489 Free surface, 58, 367 Free vortex, 101, 291, video V3.6, video V6.4 Frequency parameter, 350 Friction coefficient, 482 Friction drag, see Drag Friction factor, 396 data correlation for, 413 Moody chart, 412, 413 noncircular duct, 426 smooth pipe, 413 wholly turbulent, 412 Frictionless flow: compressible adiabatic, see Isentropic flow compressible with heat transfer, see Rayleigh line flow incompressible, 99, 242, 281 open channel, see Open-channel flow Friction slope, 541 Friction velocity, 406 Frontal area, 497 Frontinus, S., 27, 28 Froude, W., 28, 348 Froude number, 347, 348, 372, 536, 539, video V7.4, video V10.5 Fully developed flow, 283, 388 laminar, 388, 390, video V8.9 turbulent, 399 g c ,8 Gage fluid, 51 Gage pressure, 13, 48 Galilei, G., 27, 28 Gas constant, 12, 580 for common gases, 14 ideal gas equation of state, 12, 580 universal, 580 Gas dynamics, see Compressible flow Gas turbine engine, 689 General homogeneous equation, 5 Geometric similarity, 356 Grade line: energy, 123, 541 hydraulic, 123 Gradient: operator, 41, 157, 284 pressure, 41 Gradually varied flow, 535, 554 Gravity, acceleration of, 8, 719, 720 Grid, 703, video VA.2 Guide vanes, 421, 671 Hagen, G., 28, 313, 393 Hagen–Poiseuille flow, 313, 393, video V6.13 Half-body, 296, video V6.5 Head, 124 coefficient, 683 elevation, 103, 124 loss, 233 piezometric, 124 pressure, 43, 103, 124 pump, 656, 662 shaft, 233 shaft work head, 233 total, 124 velocity, 103, 124 weir, 561 Head curve: falling, 659 rising, 659 Head loss, 233 in diffusers, 420 in enlargements and contractions, 419 in entrances, 417, video V8.10 in exits, 419, video V8.10 in gradual contractions, 420 in hydraulic jumps, 557, video V10.11, video V10.12 major, 410, 411 minor, 410, 415, video V8.12 in mitered bends, 421 in nozzles, 420 in open channels, 542 in pipe bends, 421 in pipe entrances, 417 in pipes, 397, 422 in sudden area changes, 418 in valves and fittings, 422 Head loss coefficient, 415 Head rise coefficient, 666 Heat transfer, 223, 224 Rayleigh flow, 609, 620 relationship between head loss, internal energy and, 233 History of fluid mechanics, 27 Homogeneous flow, 535 Horseshoe vortex, 519, 556, video V4.6, video V9.1, video V9.19 Hybrid grid, 704 Hydraulic diameter, 316, 426 Hydraulic efficiency, 659 Hydraulic grade line, 123 Hydraulic jump, 556, 634, video V10.11, video V10.12 classification of, 560 depth ratio across, 557 head loss across, 557 Hydraulic radius, 548 Hydraulically smooth wall, 413 Hydraulics, 27 Hydrodynamics, 27
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Achieve Positive Learning Outcomes
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WileyPLUS combines robust course ma
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Sixth Edition F undamentals of Flui
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About the Authors vii Bruce R. Muns
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P reface This book is intended for
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Preface xi Life Long Learning Probl
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Preface xiii WileyPLUS offers today
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Featured in this Book xv LEARNING O
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C ontents 1 INTRODUCTION 1 Learning
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Contents xix 6.4.3 Irrotational Flo
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12.6 Axial-Flow and Mixed-Flow Pump
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10 8 Jupiter red spot diameter 2 Ch
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4 Chapter 1 ■ Introduction and do
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6 Chapter 1 ■ Introduction up the
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8 Chapter 1 ■ Introduction the SI
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10 Chapter 1 ■ Introduction E XAM
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12 Chapter 1 ■ Introduction TABLE
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14 Chapter 1 ■ Introduction TABLE
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16 Chapter 1 ■ Introduction Crude
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18 Chapter 1 ■ Introduction Visco
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20 Chapter 1 ■ Introduction Kinem
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22 Chapter 1 ■ Introduction As th
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24 Chapter 1 ■ Introduction Boili
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28 Chapter 1 ■ Introduction The r
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30 Chapter 1 ■ Introduction fluid
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32 Chapter 1 ■ Introduction Secti
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34 Chapter 1 ■ Introduction avail
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2 Fluid Statics CHAPTER OPENING PHO
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40 Chapter 2 ■ Fluid Statics in a
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42 Chapter 2 ■ Fluid Statics p Fo
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94 Chapter 3 ■ Elementary Fluid D
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100 Chapter 3 ■ Elementary Fluid
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148 Chapter 4 ■ Fluid Kinematics
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∋ 530 Chapter 9 ■ Flow over Imm
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10 Open-Channel Flow CHAPTER OPENIN
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Page 726 and 727: 702 Appendix A ■ Computational Fl
Page 738 and 739: A ppendix B Physical Properties of
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Page 744 and 745: 720 Appendix C ■ Properties of th
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Page 757 and 758: I ndex Absolute pressure, 13, 48 Ab
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Page 765 and 766: Index I-9 Pressure force, 40 Pressu
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Page 781 and 782: ■ TABLE 1.4 Conversion Factors fr
Page 783: ■ TABLE 1.7 Approximate Physical
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