fluid_mechanics

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644 Chapter 11 ■ Compressible Flow 11.79 Estimate the surface temperature associated with the reentry of the Space Shuttle into the earth’s atmosphere. Why is knowing this important? 11.80 [See Fluids in the News article titled “Hilsch tube (Ranque vortex tube),” Section 11.1.] Explain why a Hilsch tube works and cite some high and low gas temperatures actually achieved. What is the most important limitation of a Hilsch tube and how can it be overcome? 11.81 [See Fluids in the News article titled “Supersonic and compressible flows in gas turbines,” Section 11.3.] Using typical physical dimensions and rotation speeds of manufactured gas turbine rotors, consider the possibility that supersonic fluid velocities relative to blade surfaces are possible. How do designers use this knowledge? 11.82 Develop useful equations describing the constant temperature 1isothermal2 flow of an ideal gas through a constant cross section area pipe. What important practical flow situations would these equations be useful for? How are real gas effects estimated? ■ FE Exam Problems Sample FE 1Fundamentals of Engineering2 exam questions for fluid mechanics are provided on the book’s web site, www.wiley. com/college/munson.
12 T urbomachines CHAPTER OPENING PHOTO: A mixed-flow, transonic compressor stage. (Photograph courtesy of Concepts NREC.) Learning Objectives After completing this chapter, you should be able to: ■ explain how and why a turbomachine works. ■ know the basic differences between a turbine and a pump. ■ recognize the importance of minimizing loss in a turbomachine. ■ select an appropriate class of turbomachine for a particular application. ■ understand why turbomachine blades are shaped like they are. ■ appreciate the basic fundamentals of sensibly scaling turbomachines that are larger or smaller than a prototype. ■ move on to more advanced engineering work involving the fluid mechanics of turbomachinery (e.g., design, development, research). Turbomachines are dynamic fluid machines that add (for pumps) or extract (for turbines) flow energy. In previous chapters we often used generic “black boxes” to represent fluid machines such as pumps or turbines. The purpose of this chapter is to understand the fluid mechanics of these devices when they are turbomachines. Pumps and turbines 1often turbomachines2 occur in a wide variety of configurations. In general, pumps add energy to the fluid—they do work on the fluid to move and/or increase the pressure of the fluid; turbines extract energy from the fluid—the fluid does work on them. The term “pump” will be used to generically refer to all pumping machines, including pumps, fans, blowers, and compressors. Turbomachines involve a collection of blades, buckets, flow channels, or passages arranged around an axis of rotation to form a rotor. A fluid that is moving can force rotation and produce 645
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Achieve Positive Learning Outcomes
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WileyPLUS combines robust course ma
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Sixth Edition F undamentals of Flui
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About the Authors vii Bruce R. Muns
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P reface This book is intended for
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Preface xi Life Long Learning Probl
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Preface xiii WileyPLUS offers today
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Featured in this Book xv LEARNING O
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C ontents 1 INTRODUCTION 1 Learning
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Contents xix 6.4.3 Irrotational Flo
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12.6 Axial-Flow and Mixed-Flow Pump
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10 8 Jupiter red spot diameter 2 Ch
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4 Chapter 1 ■ Introduction and do
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18 Chapter 1 ■ Introduction Visco
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20 Chapter 1 ■ Introduction Kinem
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22 Chapter 1 ■ Introduction As th
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24 Chapter 1 ■ Introduction Boili
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26 Chapter 1 ■ Introduction E XAM
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30 Chapter 1 ■ Introduction fluid
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32 Chapter 1 ■ Introduction Secti
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2 Fluid Statics CHAPTER OPENING PHO
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40 Chapter 2 ■ Fluid Statics in a
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42 Chapter 2 ■ Fluid Statics p Fo
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92 Chapter 2 ■ Fluid Statics 2.12
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94 Chapter 3 ■ Elementary Fluid D
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100 Chapter 3 ■ Elementary Fluid
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148 Chapter 4 ■ Fluid Kinematics
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188 Chapter 5 ■ Finite Control Vo
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264 Chapter 6 ■ Differential Anal
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7 Dimensional Analysis, Similitude,
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334 Chapter 7 ■ Dimensional Analy
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384 Chapter 8 ■ Viscous Flow in P
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WARNING Stand clear of Hazard areas
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462 Chapter 9 ■ Flow over Immerse
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∋ 530 Chapter 9 ■ Flow over Imm
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10 Open-Channel Flow CHAPTER OPENIN
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536 Chapter 10 ■ Open-Channel Flo
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580 Chapter 11 ■ Compressible Flo
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702 Appendix A ■ Computational Fl
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A ppendix B Physical Properties of
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716 Appendix B ■ Physical Propert
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720 Appendix C ■ Properties of th
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722 Appendix D ■ Compressible Flo
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724 Appendix D ■ Compressible Flo
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Answers to Selected Even-Numbered H
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I ndex Absolute pressure, 13, 48 Ab
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Index I-3 guidelines for selection,
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Index I-5 hydrostatic: on curved su
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Index I-7 piezometer tube, 50, 105,
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Index I-9 Pressure force, 40 Pressu
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Index I-11 Stress field, 277 Strouh
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Index I-13 Weber, M., 29, 350 Weber
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V4.8 Jupiter red spot V4.9 Streamli
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V10.3 Water strider V10.13 Triangul
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■ TABLE 1.4 Conversion Factors fr
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■ TABLE 1.7 Approximate Physical
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