fluid_mechanics
638 Chapter 11 ■ Compressible Flow Enthalpy change ȟ 2 ȟ 1 c p 1T 2 T 1 2 (11.9) Specific heat difference c p c v R (11.12) Specific heat ratio k c p (11.13) Specific heat at constant pressure Specific heat at constant volume c p c v c v Rk k 1 R k 1 (11.14) (11.15) First Tds equation T ds dǔ pd a 1 (11.16) r b Second Tds equation T ds dȟ a 1 (11.18) r b dp Entropy change s 2 s 1 c v ln T 2 R ln r 1 (11.21) T 1 Entropy change s 2 s 1 c p ln T 2 R ln p 2 (11.22) T 1 Isentropic flow p r constant k (11.25) Speed of sound c a 0p B 0r b s (11.34) Speed of sound in gas c 2RTk (11.36) Speed of sound in liquid E v c B r (11.38) Mach cone angle sin a c V 1 Ma (11.39) r 2 p 1 Mach number Ma V c (11.46) Isentropic flow dV V dA 1 A 11 Ma 2 2 (11.48) Isentropic flow dr r dA Ma 2 A 11 Ma 2 2 (11.49) Isentropic flow T 1 T 0 1 31k 1224Ma 2 (11.56) Isentropic flow k1k12 p 1 e p 0 1 31k 1224Ma f 2 (11.59) Isentropic flow 11k12 r 1 e r 0 1 31k 1224Ma f 2 (11.60) Isentropic flow-critical k1k12 p* 2 pressure ratio a p 0 k 1 b (11.61) Isentropic flow-critical temperature ratio T* 2 T 0 k 1 (11.63)
References 639 A Isentropic flow A* 1 Ma e 1 31k 12 24Ma 2 1 31k 1224 (11.71) 1 11 Ma 2 2 Fanno flow k 1 31k 1224Ma 2 f 1/* /2 ln e (11.98) k Ma 2 2 f 2k 1 31k 1224Ma D T Fanno flow (11.101) T * 1k 122 1 31k 1224Ma 2 V Fanno flow (11.103) V* e 31k 1224Ma 2 12 1 31k 1224Ma f 2 p Fanno flow (11.107) p* 1 Ma e 1k 122 12 1 31k 1224Ma f 2 Fanno flow 1 (11.109) p* 0 Ma ca 2 k 1 b a1 k 1 31k1221k124 Ma 2 bd 2 p Rayleigh flow 1 k (11.123) p a 1 kMa 2 T 11 k2Ma 2 Rayleigh flow c (11.128) T a 1 kMa d 2 r a Rayleigh flow (11.129) r V 11 k2Ma Ma c V a 1 kMa d 2 Rayleigh flow p 0 21k 12Ma 2 a1 k 1 Ma 2 b T 0 2 T 0,a 11 kMa 2 2 2 (11.131) p 0 11 k2 Rayleigh flow (11.133) p 0,a 11 kMa 2 2 ca 2 k 1 b a1 k 1 k1k12 Ma 2 bd 2 Normal shock Ma 2 y Ma x 2 321k 124 (11.149) 32k1k 124Ma 2 x 1 p y Normal shock 2k (11.150) p x k 1 Ma x 2 k 1 k 1 T y Normal shock 51 31k 12 24Ma 2 x 6532k1k 124Ma 2 x 16 (11.151) T x 51k 12 2 2 321k 1246Ma x r y 1k12 321k124 f Normal shock V x 1k 12Ma x 2 (11.154) r x V y 1k 12Ma 2 x 2 p a k 1 Ma 2 0,y 2 x b k1k12a1 k 1 k11k2 Ma 2 2 x b Normal shock (11.156) p 0,x a 2k k 1 Ma x 2 k 1 11k12 k 1 b References 1. Coles, D., “Channel Flow of a Compressible Fluid,” Summary description of film in Illustrated Experiments in Fluid Mechanics, The NCFMF Book of Film Notes, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1972. 2. Moran, M. J., and Shapiro, H. N., Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, 6th Ed., Wiley, New York, 2008.
- Page 612 and 613: 588 Chapter 11 ■ Compressible Flo
- Page 614 and 615: 590 Chapter 11 ■ Compressible Flo
- Page 616 and 617: 592 Chapter 11 ■ Compressible Flo
- Page 618 and 619: 594 Chapter 11 ■ Compressible Flo
- Page 620 and 621: 596 Chapter 11 ■ Compressible Flo
- Page 622 and 623: 598 Chapter 11 ■ Compressible Flo
- Page 624 and 625: 600 Chapter 11 ■ Compressible Flo
- Page 626 and 627: 602 Chapter 11 ■ Compressible Flo
- Page 628 and 629: 604 Chapter 11 ■ Compressible Flo
- Page 630 and 631: 606 Chapter 11 ■ Compressible Flo
- Page 632 and 633: 608 Chapter 11 ■ Compressible Flo
- Page 634 and 635: 610 Chapter 11 ■ Compressible Flo
- Page 636 and 637: 612 Chapter 11 ■ Compressible Flo
- Page 638 and 639: 614 Chapter 11 ■ Compressible Flo
- Page 640 and 641: 616 Chapter 11 ■ Compressible Flo
- Page 642 and 643: 618 Chapter 11 ■ Compressible Flo
- Page 644 and 645: 620 Chapter 11 ■ Compressible Flo
- Page 646 and 647: 622 Chapter 11 ■ Compressible Flo
- Page 648 and 649: 624 Chapter 11 ■ Compressible Flo
- Page 650 and 651: 626 Chapter 11 ■ Compressible Flo
- Page 652 and 653: 628 Chapter 11 ■ Compressible Flo
- Page 654 and 655: 630 Chapter 11 ■ Compressible Flo
- Page 656 and 657: 632 Chapter 11 ■ Compressible Flo
- Page 658 and 659: 634 Chapter 11 ■ Compressible Flo
- Page 660 and 661: 636 Chapter 11 ■ Compressible Flo
- Page 664 and 665: 640 Chapter 11 ■ Compressible Flo
- Page 666 and 667: 642 Chapter 11 ■ Compressible Flo
- Page 668 and 669: 644 Chapter 11 ■ Compressible Flo
- Page 670 and 671: 646 Chapter 12 ■ Turbomachines Ex
- Page 672 and 673: 648 Chapter 12 ■ Turbomachines Q
- Page 674 and 675: 650 Chapter 12 ■ Turbomachines E
- Page 676 and 677: 652 Chapter 12 ■ Turbomachines Th
- Page 678 and 679: 654 Chapter 12 ■ Turbomachines F
- Page 680 and 681: 656 Chapter 12 ■ Turbomachines Co
- Page 682 and 683: 658 Chapter 12 ■ Turbomachines Th
- Page 684 and 685: 660 Chapter 12 ■ Turbomachines 50
- Page 686 and 687: 662 Chapter 12 ■ Turbomachines Si
- Page 688 and 689: 664 Chapter 12 ■ Turbomachines (2
- Page 690 and 691: 666 Chapter 12 ■ Turbomachines cu
- Page 692 and 693: 668 Chapter 12 ■ Turbomachines SO
- Page 694 and 695: 670 Chapter 12 ■ Turbomachines h
- Page 696 and 697: 672 Chapter 12 ■ Turbomachines He
- Page 698 and 699: 674 Chapter 12 ■ Turbomachines Ro
- Page 700 and 701: V 1 W 1 = W 2 U 676 Chapter 12 ■
- Page 702 and 703: 678 Chapter 12 ■ Turbomachines E
- Page 704 and 705: 680 Chapter 12 ■ Turbomachines U
- Page 706 and 707: 682 Chapter 12 ■ Turbomachines V1
- Page 708 and 709: 684 Chapter 12 ■ Turbomachines Fo
- Page 710 and 711: 686 Chapter 12 ■ Turbomachines Co
References 639<br />
A<br />
Isentropic flow<br />
A* 1 Ma e 1 31k 12 24Ma 2<br />
1 31k 1224<br />
(11.71)<br />
1 11 Ma 2 2<br />
Fanno flow k 1 31k 1224Ma 2 f 1/* /2<br />
ln e<br />
(11.98)<br />
k Ma 2 2<br />
f <br />
2k 1 31k 1224Ma D<br />
T<br />
Fanno flow (11.101)<br />
T * <br />
1k 122<br />
1 31k 1224Ma 2<br />
V<br />
Fanno flow (11.103)<br />
V* e 31k 1224Ma 2 12<br />
1 31k 1224Ma f 2<br />
p<br />
Fanno flow (11.107)<br />
p* 1 Ma e 1k 122 12<br />
1 31k 1224Ma f 2<br />
Fanno flow 1 (11.109)<br />
p* 0 Ma ca 2<br />
k 1 b a1 k 1 31k1221k124<br />
Ma 2 bd<br />
2<br />
p<br />
Rayleigh flow <br />
1 k<br />
(11.123)<br />
p a 1 kMa 2<br />
T 11 k2Ma 2<br />
Rayleigh flow c (11.128)<br />
T a 1 kMa d 2<br />
r a<br />
Rayleigh flow (11.129)<br />
r V 11 k2Ma<br />
Ma c<br />
V a 1 kMa d 2<br />
Rayleigh flow<br />
p 0<br />
21k 12Ma 2 a1 k 1 Ma 2 b<br />
T 0<br />
2<br />
<br />
T 0,a 11 kMa 2 2 2<br />
(11.131)<br />
p 0<br />
11 k2<br />
Rayleigh flow <br />
(11.133)<br />
p 0,a 11 kMa 2 2 ca 2<br />
k 1 b a1 k 1 k1k12<br />
Ma 2 bd<br />
2<br />
Normal shock Ma 2 y Ma x 2 321k 124<br />
(11.149)<br />
32k1k 124Ma 2 x 1<br />
p y<br />
Normal shock <br />
2k<br />
(11.150)<br />
p x k 1 Ma x 2 k 1<br />
k 1<br />
T y<br />
Normal shock 51 31k 12 24Ma 2 x 6532k1k 124Ma 2 x 16<br />
(11.151)<br />
T x 51k 12 2 2<br />
321k 1246Ma x<br />
r y<br />
1k12 321k124<br />
f<br />
Normal shock V x<br />
1k 12Ma x 2<br />
(11.154)<br />
r x V y 1k 12Ma 2 x 2<br />
p<br />
a k 1 Ma 2<br />
0,y 2 x b<br />
k1k12a1 k 1 k11k2<br />
Ma 2<br />
2 x b<br />
Normal shock <br />
(11.156)<br />
p 0,x<br />
a<br />
2k<br />
k 1 Ma x 2 k 1 11k12<br />
k 1 b<br />
References<br />
1. Coles, D., “Channel Flow of a Compressible Fluid,” Summary description of film in Illustrated Experiments<br />
in Fluid Mechanics, The NCFMF Book of Film Notes, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass., 1972.<br />
2. Moran, M. J., and Shapiro, H. N., Fundamentals of Engineering Thermodynamics, 6th Ed., Wiley,<br />
New York, 2008.