fluid_mechanics

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Achieve Positive Learning Outcomes W ileyPLUS combines robust course management tools with interactive teaching and learning resources all in one easy-to-use system. It has helped over half a million students and instructors achieve positive learning outcomes in their courses. WileyPLUS contains everything you and your students need— and nothing more, including: The entire textbook online—with dynamic links from homework to relevant sections. Students can use the online text and save up to half the cost of buying a new printed book. Automated assigning & grading of homework & quizzes. An interactive variety of ways to teach and learn the material. Instant feedback and help for students… available 24/7. “WileyPLUS helped me become more prepared. There were more resources available using WileyPLUS than just using a regular [printed] textbook, which helped out significantly. Very helpful...and very easy to use.” — Student Victoria Cazorla, Dutchess County Community College See and try WileyPLUS in action! Details and Demo: www.wileyplus.com
Page 4 and 5: Why WileyPLUS for Engineering? W il
Page 6 and 7: Wiley is committed to making your e
Page 8 and 9: To Erik and all others who possess
Page 10 and 11: viii About the Authors Dr. Huebsch
Page 12 and 13: x Preface Key Features Illustration
Page 14 and 15: xii Preface Owing to the growing im
Page 16 and 17: Featured in this Book FLUIDS IN THE
Page 18 and 19: xvi Featured in this Book STUDENT S
Page 20 and 21: xviii Contents 4 FLUID KINEMATICS 1
Page 22 and 23: xx Contents 9 FLOW OVER IMMERSED BO
Page 25 and 26: 1 Introduction CHAPTER OPENING PHOT
Page 27 and 28: 1.1 Some Characteristics of Fluids
Page 29 and 30: 1.2 Dimensions, Dimensional Homogen
Page 35 and 36: 1.4 Measures of Fluid Mass and Weig
Page 37 and 38: 1.5 Ideal Gas Law 13 In the ideal g
Page 39 and 40: 1.6 Viscosity 15 U δa P u B B' b y
Page 41 and 42: 1.0 8 6 1.6 Viscosity 17 The variou
Page 43 and 44: 1.6 Viscosity 19 and the value of t
Page 45 and 46: 1.7 Compressibility of Fluids 21 p
Page 47 and 48: 1.8 Vapor Pressure 23 the speed of
Page 49 and 50: 1.9 Surface Tension 25 σ R ΔpπR
Page 51 and 52: 1.10 A Brief Look Back in History 2
Page 53 and 54:
1.11 Chapter Summary and Study Guid
Page 55 and 56:
Problems 31 Problems Note: Unless s
Page 57 and 58:
Problems 33 1.46 Make use of the da
Page 59 and 60:
Problems 35 10,000 rpm 2 in. Statio
Page 61 and 62:
Problems 37 supported on the surfac
Page 63 and 64:
2.1 Pressure at a Point 39 z p s δ
Page 65 and 66:
2.3 Pressure Variation in a Fluid a
Page 67 and 68:
Page 69 and 70:
Page 71 and 72:
2.4 Standard Atmosphere 47 2.4 Stan
Page 73 and 74:
2.5 Measurement of Pressure 49 p va
Page 75 and 76:
2.6 Manometry 51 Open γ 1 A (1) h
Page 77 and 78:
2.6 Manometry 53 γ 2 h 2 γ 1 h 1
Page 79 and 80:
2.7 Mechanical and Electronic Press
Page 81 and 82:
2.8 Hydrostatic Force on a Plane Su
Page 83 and 84:
Page 85 and 86:
Page 87 and 88:
2.9 Pressure Prism 63 so that I xc
Page 89 and 90:
The resultant fluid force acting on
Page 91 and 92:
2.10 Hydrostatic Force on a Curved
Page 93 and 94:
2.11 Buoyancy, Flotation, and Stabi
Page 95 and 96:
2.11 Buoyancy, Flotation, and Stabi
Page 97 and 98:
2.12 Pressure Variation in a Fluid
Page 99 and 100:
p A fluid contained in a tank that
Page 101 and 102:
Page 103 and 104:
Problems 79 Section 2.3 Pressure Va
Page 105 and 106:
Problems 81 manometer the air press
Page 107 and 108:
Problems 83 8 psi Carbon tetrachlor
Page 109 and 110:
Problems 85 10 in. 1 ft Cable 60°
Page 111 and 112:
Problems 87 frictionless horizontal
Page 113 and 114:
Problems 89 the tank has a specific
Page 115 and 116:
Problems 91 2.106 A 2-ft-thick bloc
Page 117 and 118:
3Elementary Fluid Dynamics—The Be
Page 119 and 120:
3.1 Newton’s Second Law 95 Fluid
Page 121 and 122:
The net pressure force on a particl
Page 123 and 124:
3.2 F ma along a Streamline 99 V3.
Page 125 and 126:
3.3 F ma Normal to a Streamline 10
Page 127 and 128:
3.4 Physical Interpretation 103 The
Page 129 and 130:
3.5 Static, Stagnation, Dynamic, an
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
Page 135 and 136:
3.6 Examples of Use of the Bernoull
Page 137 and 138:
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Q Q ~ H 3/2 3.7 The Energy Line and
Page 149 and 150:
3.7 The Energy Line and the Hydraul
Page 151 and 152:
3.8 Restrictions on Use of the Bern
Page 153 and 154:
3.8 Restrictions on Use of the Bern
Page 155 and 156:
3.9 Chapter Summary and Study Guide
Page 157 and 158:
Problems 133 References 1. Riley, W
Page 159 and 160:
Problems 135 †3.20 Estimate the m
Page 161 and 162:
Problems 137 3.43 Air flows steadil
Page 163 and 164:
Problems 139 3.61 Water flows stead
Page 165 and 166:
Problems 141 1 in. H Q = 2 gal/min
Page 167 and 168:
Problems 143 opened and the pond is
Page 169 and 170:
Problems 145 Section 3.6.3 Flowrate
Page 171 and 172:
4Fluid Kinematics CHAPTER OPENING P
Page 173 and 174:
4.1 The Velocity Field 149 E XAMPLE
Page 175 and 176:
4.1 The Velocity Field 151 V4.4 Fol
Page 177 and 178:
4.1 The Velocity Field 153 y v dy d
Page 179 and 180:
4.1 The Velocity Field 155 or where
Page 181 and 182:
4.2 The Acceleration Field 157 wher
Page 183 and 184:
4.2 The Acceleration Field 159 Obje
Page 185 and 186:
4.2 The Acceleration Field 161 E XA
Page 187 and 188:
4.2 The Acceleration Field 163 V4.1
Page 189 and 190:
4.3 Control Volume and System Repre
Page 191 and 192:
4.4 The Reynolds Transport Theorem
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
Page 197 and 198:
By combining Eqs. 4.14 and 4.18 we
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
Page 203 and 204:
Problems 179 Some of the important
Page 205 and 206:
Problems 181 y v u x V 1 = 4t ft/s
Page 207 and 208:
Problems 183 F I G U R E P4.40 x 5
Page 209 and 210:
Problems 185 4.62 In the region jus
Page 211 and 212:
5Finite Control Volume Analysis CHA
Page 213 and 214:
V Control surface ^ n ^ Vn < 0 V ^
Page 215 and 216:
5.1 Conservation of Mass—The Cont
Page 217 and 218:
Page 219 and 220:
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Page 225 and 226:
5.2 Newton’s Second Law—The Lin
Page 227 and 228:
Page 229 and 230:
Page 231 and 232:
Page 233 and 234:
Page 235 and 236:
Page 237 and 238:
Page 239 and 240:
Page 241 and 242:
Page 243 and 244:
Page 245 and 246:
Page 247 and 248:
5.3 First Law of Thermodynamics—T
Page 249 and 250:
Page 251 and 252:
Page 253 and 254:
Page 255 and 256:
5.3 First Law of Thermodynamics —
Page 257 and 258:
5.3 First Law of Thermodynamics —
Page 259 and 260:
Page 261 and 262:
Page 263 and 264:
5.4 Second Law of Thermodynamics—
Page 265 and 266:
For a fixed, nondeforming control v
Page 267 and 268:
Thus, Eqs. 5.110 and 5.112 lead to
Page 269 and 270:
DM sys Problems 245 Deforming contr
Page 271 and 272:
Problems 247 5.11 Air flows steadil
Page 273 and 274:
Problems 249 5.26 Estimate the time
Page 275 and 276:
Problems 251 5.47 A converging elbo
Page 277 and 278:
Problems 253 2-ft-diameter circular
Page 279 and 280:
Problems 255 ω angle of 30° with
Page 281 and 282:
Problems 257 300 mm 5.99 A siphon i
Page 283 and 284:
Problems 259 5.110 The hydroelectri
Page 285 and 286:
Problems 261 24 in. 40 ft/s F I G U
Page 287 and 288:
6DD ifferential Analysis of Fluid F
Page 289 and 290:
6.1 Fluid Element Kinematics 265 x
Page 291 and 292:
) ) 6.1 Fluid Element Kinematics 26
Page 293 and 294:
6.2 Conservation of Mass 269 stream
Page 295 and 296:
For incompressible fluids the conti
Page 297 and 298:
6.2 Conservation of Mass 273 Veloci
Page 299 and 300:
6.3 Conservation of Linear Momentum
Page 301 and 302:
6.3 Conservation of Linear Momentum
Page 303 and 304:
6.4 Inviscid Flow 279 Otherwise, we
Page 305 and 306:
6.4 Inviscid Flow 281 inviscid flow
Page 307 and 308:
6.4 Inviscid Flow 283 photographs a
Page 309 and 310:
6.4 Inviscid Flow 285 E XAMPLE 6.4
Page 311 and 312:
6.5 Some Basic, Plane Potential Flo
Page 313 and 314:
Page 315 and 316:
Page 317 and 318:
Page 319 and 320:
TABLE 6.1 Summary of Basic, Plane P
Page 321 and 322:
so that as u S 0 or u S 2p the half
Page 323 and 324:
6.6 Superposition of Basic, Plane P
Page 325 and 326:
Page 327 and 328:
Page 329 and 330:
6.7 Other Aspects of Potential Flow
Page 331 and 332:
For Newtonian fluids, stresses are
Page 333 and 334:
6.9 Some Simple Solutions for Lamin
Page 335 and 336:
Page 337 and 338:
Page 339 and 340:
Page 341 and 342:
Page 343 and 344:
Page 345 and 346:
Problems 321 Problems Note: Unless
Page 347 and 348:
Problems 323 (a) Determine the corr
Page 349 and 350:
Problems 325 ω a b C B Δθ D r A
Page 351 and 352:
Problems 327 F I G U R E P6.67 a θ
Page 353 and 354:
Problems 329 (see Video V6.11), the
Page 355 and 356:
6.106 A viscous fluid is contained
Page 357 and 358:
7.1 Dimensional Analysis 333 to stu
Page 359 and 360:
1Recall from Chapter 1 that the not
Page 361 and 362:
7.3 Determination of Pi Terms 337 S
Page 363 and 364:
7.3 Determination of Pi Terms 339 S
Page 365 and 366:
7.4 Some Additional Comments about
Page 367 and 368:
7.4 Some Additional Comments about
Page 369 and 370:
7.5 Determination of Pi Terms by In
Page 371 and 372:
7.6 Common Dimensionless Groups in
Page 373 and 374:
7.6 Common Dimensionless Groups in
Page 375 and 376:
7.7 Correlation of Experimental Dat
Page 377 and 378:
7.7 Correlation of Experimental Dat
Page 379 and 380:
to any system that is governed by t
Page 381 and 382:
7.8 Modeling and Similitude 357 E X
Page 383 and 384:
7.8 Modeling and Similitude 359 V7.
Page 385 and 386:
a minor role and can be neglected.
Page 387 and 388:
7.9 Some Typical Model Studies 363
Page 389 and 390:
Page 391 and 392:
Page 393 and 394:
Page 395 and 396:
7.10 Similitude Based on Governing
Page 397 and 398:
Page 399 and 400:
7.4 What are the dimensions of acce
Page 401 and 402:
Problems 377 where r is the fluid d
Page 403 and 404:
Problems 379 1 of 4 and a fluid den
Page 405 and 406:
Problems 381 wind velocity, V, is a
Page 407 and 408:
8V Viscous Flow in Pipes CHAPTER OP
Page 409 and 410:
8.1 General Characteristics of Pipe
Page 411 and 412:
Page 413 and 414:
Page 415 and 416:
8.2 Fully Developed Laminar Flow 39
Page 417 and 418:
Page 419 and 420:
Page 421 and 422:
Page 423 and 424:
8.3 Fully Developed Turbulent Flow
Page 425 and 426:
Page 427 and 428:
Page 429 and 430:
Page 431 and 432:
Page 433 and 434:
8.3.4 Turbulence Modeling 8.4 Dimen
Page 435 and 436:
8.4 Dimensional Analysis of Pipe Fl
Page 437 and 438:
Page 439 and 440:
Page 441 and 442:
Page 443 and 444:
Page 445 and 446:
Page 447 and 448:
Page 449 and 450:
Page 451 and 452:
Page 453 and 454:
8.5 Pipe Flow Examples 429 Pipe flo
Page 455 and 456:
8.5 Pipe Flow Examples 431 energy,
Page 457 and 458:
8.5 Pipe Flow Examples 433 The valu
Page 459 and 460:
8.5 Pipe Flow Examples 435 where D
Page 461 and 462:
Lung Trachea Bronchiole 8.5.2 Multi
Page 463 and 464:
8.5 Pipe Flow Examples 439 A B D 1
Page 465 and 466:
8.6 Pipe Flowrate Measurement 441 F
Page 467 and 468:
8.6 Pipe Flowrate Measurement 443 D
Page 469 and 470:
8.6 Pipe Flowrate Measurement 445 a
Page 471 and 472:
8.7 Chapter Summary and Study Guide
Page 473 and 474:
Colebrook formula Explicit alternat
Page 475 and 476:
Problems 451 8.15 Repeat Problem 8.
Page 477 and 478:
Problems 453 8.48 Water flows throu
Page 479 and 480:
Problems 455 90° threaded elbows 6
Page 481 and 482:
Problems 457 120 m of 0.30-m-diamet
Page 483 and 484:
Problems 459 Elevation = 20 m D = 0
Page 485 and 486:
9Flow over Immersed Bodies CHAPTER
Page 487 and 488:
9.1 General External Flow Character
Page 489 and 490:
Page 491 and 492:
Page 493 and 494:
Page 495 and 496:
9.2 Boundary Layer Characteristics
Page 497 and 498:
Page 499 and 500:
Page 501 and 502:
Page 503 and 504:
Page 505 and 506:
Page 507 and 508:
C Df 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.00 Lamin
Page 509 and 510:
Page 511 and 512:
Page 513 and 514:
Page 515 and 516:
Page 517 and 518:
An alternative approach is to exten
Page 519 and 520:
9.3 Drag 495 SOLUTION The friction
Page 521 and 522:
9.3 Drag 497 1.0 0.5 1.0 C p = ____
Page 523 and 524:
9.3 Drag 499 TABLE 9.4 Low Reynolds
Page 525 and 526:
V9.9 Oscillating sign V9.10 Flow pa
Page 527 and 528:
9.3 Drag 503 The corresponding Reyn
Page 529 and 530:
9.3 Drag 505 0.6 0.5 ε __ D = rela
Page 531 and 532:
9.3 Drag 507 0.0015 U Hull with no
Page 533 and 534:
9.4 Lift 509 Considerable effort ha
Page 535 and 536:
9.4 Lift 511 D Shape Solid hemisphe
Page 537 and 538:
9.4 Lift 513 Denotes p > p 0 Denote
Page 539 and 540:
9.4 Lift 515 U α Symmetrical U α
Page 541 and 542:
9.4 Lift 517 3.0 2.0 C L V9.18 Lead
Page 543 and 544:
9.4 Lift 519 α = 0 = 0 (a) α > 0
Page 545 and 546:
A dimpled golf ball has less drag a
Page 547 and 548:
References 523 determine the lift a
Page 549 and 550:
Problems 525 *9.5 The pressure dist
Page 551 and 552:
layer momentum thickness, 1x2. As
Page 553 and 554:
Problems 529 †9.63 During a flash
Page 555 and 556:
Problems 531 9.81 An airplane tows
Page 557 and 558:
Problems 533 alter their body shape
Page 559 and 560:
10.1 General Characteristics of Ope
Page 561 and 562:
10.2 Surface Waves 537 Moving end w
Page 563 and 564:
10.2 Surface Waves 539 __ c 2 gy 1.
Page 565 and 566:
10.3 Energy Considerations 541 V10.
Page 567 and 568:
10.3 Energy Considerations 543 For
Page 569 and 570:
10.3 Energy Considerations 545 COMM
Page 571 and 572:
10.4 Uniform Depth Channel Flow 547
Page 573 and 574:
Page 575 and 576:
Page 577 and 578:
Page 579 and 580:
10.6 Rapidly Varied Flow 555 compon
Page 581 and 582:
10.6 Rapidly Varied Flow 557 and th
Page 583 and 584:
10.6 Rapidly Varied Flow 559 as 1se
Page 585 and 586:
10.6 Rapidly Varied Flow 561 Draw d
Page 587 and 588:
C wr 1 10.6 Rapidly Varied Flow 563
Page 589 and 590:
10.6 Rapidly Varied Flow 565 Howeve
Page 591 and 592:
The flowrate from an underflow gate
Page 593 and 594:
use the Manning equation to analyze
Page 595 and 596:
Problems 571 fast will this wave tr
Page 597 and 598:
Problems 573 10.44 The great Kings
Page 599 and 600:
Problems 575 supply water to the sl
Page 601 and 602:
Problems 577 10.105 Water flows fro
Page 603 and 604:
11 Compressible Flow CHAPTER OPENIN
Page 605 and 606:
11.1 Ideal Gas Relationships 581 Th
Page 607 and 608:
11.1 Ideal Gas Relationships 583 Fr
Page 609 and 610:
By combining Eq. 11.23 with Eqs. 11
Page 611 and 612:
11.2 Mach Number and Speed of Sound
Page 613 and 614:
11.3 Categories of Compressible Flo
Page 615 and 616:
11.3 Categories of Compressible Flo
Page 617 and 618:
11.4 Isentropic Flow of an Ideal Ga
Page 619 and 620:
Page 621 and 622:
Page 623 and 624:
Page 625 and 626:
Page 627 and 628:
Page 629 and 630:
Page 631 and 632:
Page 633 and 634:
11.5 Nonisentropic Flow of an Ideal
Page 635 and 636:
Page 637 and 638:
Page 639 and 640:
Page 641 and 642:
The ideal gas equation of state 1Eq
Page 643 and 644:
Page 645 and 646:
Page 647 and 648:
which for dTds 0 1point b2 gives (
Page 649 and 650:
Page 651 and 652:
Page 653 and 654:
Page 655 and 656:
Page 657 and 658:
11.6 Analogy between Compressible a
Page 659 and 660:
11.7 Two-Dimensional Compressible F
Page 661 and 662:
Page 663 and 664:
References 639 A Isentropic flow A*
Page 665 and 666:
Problems 641 11.18 Using informatio
Page 667 and 668:
Problems 643 factor; compare with t
Page 669 and 670:
12 T urbomachines CHAPTER OPENING P
Page 671 and 672:
12.2 Basic Energy Considerations 64
Page 673 and 674:
12.2 Basic Energy Considerations 64
Page 675 and 676:
12.3 Basic Angular Momentum Conside
Page 677 and 678:
12.4 The Centrifugal Pump 653 From
Page 679 and 680:
12.4 The Centrifugal Pump 655 Centr
Page 681 and 682:
12.4 The Centrifugal Pump 657 pumps
Page 683 and 684:
12.4 The Centrifugal Pump 659 and t
Page 685 and 686:
12.4 The Centrifugal Pump 661 (2) R
Page 687 and 688:
12.4 The Centrifugal Pump 663 Chang
Page 689 and 690:
12.4 The Centrifugal Pump 665 100 E
Page 691 and 692:
12.5 Dimensionless Parameters and S
Page 693 and 694:
12.5 Dimensionless Parameters and S
Page 695 and 696:
12.6 Axial-Flow and Mixed-Flow Pump
Page 697 and 698:
12.8 Turbines 673 12.7 Fans Fans ar
Page 699 and 700:
12.8 Turbines 675 Adjustable guide
Page 701 and 702:
12.8 Turbines 677 ⎥T shaft ⎥ =
Page 703 and 704:
12.8 Turbines 679 or Thus, the nozz
Page 705 and 706:
12.8 Turbines 681 U Section (1) W 2
Page 707 and 708:
12.8 Turbines 683 ω ω Rotor blade
Page 709 and 710:
12.9 Compressible Flow Turbomachine
Page 711 and 712:
12.9 Compressible Flow Turbomachine
Page 713 and 714:
The flow parameter commonly used fo
Page 715 and 716:
12.10 Chapter Summary and Study Gui
Page 717 and 718:
Problems 693 Corrected compressor m
Page 719 and 720:
Problems 695 V r2 = 45 ft/s V 2 = 9
Page 721 and 722:
Problems 697 Fig. 12.14. For z 2 z
Page 723 and 724:
Problems 699 Elevation = 975 m 3 6
Page 725 and 726:
A ppendix A Computational Fluid Dyn
Page 727 and 728:
A.3 Grids 703 To find an algebraic
Page 729 and 730:
A.4 Boundary Conditions A.5 Basic R
Page 731 and 732:
A.5 Basic Representative Examples 7
Page 733 and 734:
A.6 Methodology 709 of which provid
Page 735 and 736:
A.7 Application of CFD 711 F I G U
Page 737 and 738:
References 713 Problems have been d
Page 739 and 740:
Appendix B ■ Physical Properties
Page 741 and 742:
Appendix B ■ Physical Properties
Page 743 and 744:
A ppendix C Properties of the U.S.
Page 745 and 746:
A ppendix D Compressible Flow Graph
Page 747 and 748:
Appendix D ■ Compressible Flow Gr
Page 749:
Online Appendix List Appendix E: Co
Page 752 and 753:
ANS-2 Answers to Selected Even-Numb
Page 754 and 755:
Page 756 and 757:
Page 758 and 759:
I-2 Index Bernoulli equation: (cont
Page 760 and 761:
I-4 Index Efficiency, (cont.) mecha
Page 762 and 763:
I-6 Index Hydrometer, 90, video V2.
Page 764 and 765:
I-8 Index Orifice meter, 119, 442 O
Page 766 and 767:
I-10 Index Shallow water wave, 538
Page 768 and 769:
I-12 Index Underflow gate, 566 Unif
Page 771 and 772:
Index of Fluids Phenomena Videos Av
Page 773 and 774:
V7.11 Model of fish hatchery pond V
Page 780 and 781:
■ TABLE 1.3 Conversion Factors fr
Page 782 and 783:
■ TABLE 1.5 Approximate Physical
show all

fluid_mechanics

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?