fluid_mechanics

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xx Contents 9 FLOW OVER IMMERSED BODIES 461 Learning Objectives 461 9.1 General External Flow Characteristics 462 9.1.1 Lift and Drag Concepts 463 9.1.2 Characteristics of Flow Past an Object 466 9.2 Boundary Layer Characteristics 470 9.2.1 Boundary Layer Structure and Thickness on a Flat Plate 470 9.2.2 Prandtl/Blasius Boundary Layer Solution 474 9.2.3 Momentum Integral Boundary Layer Equation for a Flat Plate 478 9.2.4 Transition from Laminar to Turbulent Flow 483 9.2.5 Turbulent Boundary Layer Flow 485 9.2.6 Effects of Pressure Gradient 488 9.2.7 Momentum-Integral Boundary Layer Equation with Nonzero Pressure Gradient 492 9.3 Drag 493 9.3.1 Friction Drag 494 9.3.2 Pressure Drag 495 9.3.3 Drag Coefficient Data and Examples 497 9.4 Lift 509 9.4.1 Surface Pressure Distribution 509 9.4.2 Circulation 518 9.5 Chapter Summary and Study Guide 522 References 523 Review Problems 524 Problems 524 10 OPEN-CHANNEL FLOW 534 Learning Objectives 534 10.1 General Characteristics of Open- Channel Flow 535 10.2 Surface Waves 536 10.2.1 Wave Speed 536 10.2.2 Froude Number Effects 539 10.3 Energy Considerations 541 10.3.1 Specific Energy 542 10.3.2 Channel Depth Variations 545 10.4 Uniform Depth Channel Flow 546 10.4.1 Uniform Flow Approximations 546 10.4.2 The Chezy and Manning Equations 547 10.4.3 Uniform Depth Examples 550 10.5 Gradually Varied Flow 554 10.5.1 Classification of Surface Shapes 000 10.5.2 Examples of Gradually Varied Flows 000 10.6 Rapidly Varied Flow 555 10.6.1 The Hydraulic Jump 556 10.6.2 Sharp-Crested Weirs 561 10.6.3 Broad-Crested Weirs 564 10.6.4 Underflow Gates 566 10.7 Chapter Summary and Study Guide 568 References 569 Review Problems 569 Problems 570 11 COMPRESSIBLE FLOW 579 Learning Objectives 579 11.1 Ideal Gas Relationships 580 11.2 Mach Number and Speed of Sound 585 11.3 Categories of Compressible Flow 588 11.4 Isentropic Flow of an Ideal Gas 592 11.4.1 Effect of Variations in Flow Cross-Sectional Area 593 11.4.2 Converging–Diverging Duct Flow 595 11.4.3 Constant-Area Duct Flow 609 11.5 Nonisentropic Flow of an Ideal Gas 609 11.5.1 Adiabatic Constant-Area Duct Flow with Friction (Fanno Flow) 609 11.5.2 Frictionless Constant-Area Duct Flow with Heat Transfer (Rayleigh Flow) 620 11.5.3 Normal Shock Waves 626 11.6 Analogy between Compressible and Open-Channel Flows 633 11.7 Two-Dimensional Compressible Flow 635 11.8 Chapter Summary and Study Guide 636 References 639 Review Problems 640 Problems 640 12 TURBOMACHINES 645 Learning Objectives 645 12.1 Introduction 646 12.2 Basic Energy Considerations 647 12.3 Basic Angular Momentum Considerations 651 12.4 The Centrifugal Pump 653 12.4.1 Theoretical Considerations 654 12.4.2 Pump Performance Characteristics 658 12.4.3 Net Positive Suction Head (NPSH) 660 12.4.4 System Characteristics and Pump Selection 662 12.5 Dimensionless Parameters and Similarity Laws 666 12.5.1 Special Pump Scaling Laws 668 12.5.2 Specific Speed 669 12.5.3 Suction Specific Speed 670
12.6 Axial-Flow and Mixed-Flow Pumps 671 12.7 Fans 673 12.8 Turbines 673 12.8.1 Impulse Turbines 674 12.8.2 Reaction Turbines 682 12.9 Compressible Flow Turbomachines 685 12.9.1 Compressors 686 12.9.2 Compressible Flow Turbines 689 12.10 Chapter Summary and Study Guide 691 References 693 Review Problems 693 Problems 693 A COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMICS AND FLOWLAB 701 B PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS 714 C PROPERTIES OF THE U.S. STANDARD ATMOSPHERE 719 D COMPRESSIBLE FLOW DATA FOR AN IDEAL GAS 721 ONLINE APPENDIX LIST 725 E COMPREHENSIVE TABLE OF CONVERSION FACTORS See book web site, www.wiley.com/ college/munson, for this material. Contents F VIDEO LIBRARY See book web site, www.wiley.com/ college/munson, for this material. G REVIEW PROBLEMS See book web site, www.wiley.com/ college/munson, for this material. H LABORATORY PROBLEMS See book web site, www.wiley.com/ college/munson, for this material. I CFD DRIVEN CAVITY EXAMPLE See book web site, www.wiley.com/ college/munson, for this material. J FLOWLAB TUTORIAL AND USER’S GUIDE See book web site, www.wiley.com/ college/munson, for this material. K FLOWLAB PROBLEMS See book web site, www.wiley.com/ college/munson, for this material. ANSWERS xxi ANS-1 INDEX I-1 VIDEO INDEX VI-1
Page 3 and 4: Achieve Positive Learning Outcomes
Page 5 and 6: WileyPLUS combines robust course ma
Page 7 and 8: Sixth Edition F undamentals of Flui
Page 9 and 10: About the Authors vii Bruce R. Muns
Page 11 and 12: P reface This book is intended for
Page 13 and 14: Preface xi Life Long Learning Probl
Page 15 and 16: Preface xiii WileyPLUS offers today
Page 17 and 18: Featured in this Book xv LEARNING O
Page 19 and 20: C ontents 1 INTRODUCTION 1 Learning
Page 21: Contents xix 6.4.3 Irrotational Flo
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Page 54 and 55: 30 Chapter 1 ■ Introduction fluid
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Page 62 and 63: 2 Fluid Statics CHAPTER OPENING PHO
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92 Chapter 2 ■ Fluid Statics 2.12
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94 Chapter 3 ■ Elementary Fluid D
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100 Chapter 3 ■ Elementary Fluid
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148 Chapter 4 ■ Fluid Kinematics
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7 Dimensional Analysis, Similitude,
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WARNING Stand clear of Hazard areas
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462 Chapter 9 ■ Flow over Immerse
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∋ 530 Chapter 9 ■ Flow over Imm
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10 Open-Channel Flow CHAPTER OPENIN
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536 Chapter 10 ■ Open-Channel Flo
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646 Chapter 12 ■ Turbomachines Ex
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702 Appendix A ■ Computational Fl
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A ppendix B Physical Properties of
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722 Appendix D ■ Compressible Flo
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724 Appendix D ■ Compressible Flo
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Answers to Selected Even-Numbered H
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I ndex Absolute pressure, 13, 48 Ab
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Index I-3 guidelines for selection,
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Index I-5 hydrostatic: on curved su
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Index I-9 Pressure force, 40 Pressu
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Index I-11 Stress field, 277 Strouh
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Index I-13 Weber, M., 29, 350 Weber
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V4.8 Jupiter red spot V4.9 Streamli
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V10.3 Water strider V10.13 Triangul
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■ TABLE 1.4 Conversion Factors fr
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■ TABLE 1.7 Approximate Physical
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