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"With over 23,000 casualties, the newly established Corp was able to remove the wounded within 24 hours and in doing so, saved hundreds of lives in the process." Men were trained to act as stretcher-bearers and to operate wagons to pick up the wounded quickly and efficiently. If necessary, the Ambulance Corps were trained to use triage on the battlefield. The success of Letterman’s Ambulance Corps was witnessed at the Battle of Antietam in September 1862. With over 23,000 casualties, the newly established Corp was able to remove the wounded within 24 hours and in doing so, saved hundreds of lives in the process. The immediate treatment on the battlefield was a game-changer but Letterman had also instigated further changes for the care of the soldiers after the battle. His evacuation system comprised of three core areas. A Field Dressing Station located on the battlefield for triage, dressings and tourniquets. Those who required surgery would be moved to the Field Hospital before transferring to a larger Hospital away from the battlefield for longerterm treatment and recuperation. Having an organised system from the battlefield to recovery not only saved the lives of the men within his own care but also later, the Union Army as in March 1864 the system was adopted by the whole Union Army. Since the Civil War, almost 4 million American have served in their country. Of these, more than 600,000 have died with over 1.3 million returning home injured. Many would have experienced the services that Letterman and his team had pioneered in the 19th century. Technology may have advanced even further but the concept of what Letterman introduced in still used to this day. It is for this reason that is referred to as, "THE FATHER OF BATTLEFIELD MEDICINE" American Civil War veteran, with an amputated leg at the hip. Credit: Wellcome Collection. CC BY 4.0
Society of Civil War Surgeons Preserving Civil War Medical History The Society of Civil War Surgeons was formed in 1980 by six medical reenactors who recognized a need to open communication among those with this specialty. Today, the Society boasts more than 215 members throughout the United States, as well as in Canada, Denmark, England, and Italy. It is the largest organization dedicated to Civil War era medicine. Incorporated in the State of Ohio in 1990 as a non-profit educational corporation and recognized by the Internal Revenue Service as a tax-exempt group, the Society is organized solely to educate the general public about medicine during the American Civil War era (Mexican War through the Indian Wars). The Society covers all aspects of medicine and the care of the sick and wounded. This is accomplished through research, publications, and living history exhibitions and lectures during Civil War reenactments. The Society has been represented at most of the larger anniversary reenactment events since the 1980s. Members have appeared in many big screen productions on the Civil War, as well as numerous conventions, association meetings, and on the Arts & Entertainment channel’s Civil War Journal. Members have served as advisors to several television productions. The Journal of Civil War Medicine, published quarterly, reprints original articles by actual participants, peer reviewed articles written specifically for the journal, and articles from other publications for which reprint permission has been obtained. The Society hosts an annual conference with lectures and presentations by members and nationally recognized Civil War experts. Conventions have been held in Richmond and Williamsburg, VA., Chattanooga, Knoxville, and Nashville, TN., Louisville, KY., and Harper’s Ferry, WV among others. The 2020 conference will be held March 27th-29th in Lexington, VA. In 2021, we will host our meeting in the St. Louis, MO area. Society members are available for presentations to Civil War roundtables, historical societies, medical societies, and other organizations. Some members are also available to set up living history displays. For more information on the Society, or if you want to join the Society, visit our website at www.civilwarsurgeons.org; e-mail a request to socwsurgeons3560@gmail.com, or write to: Peter J. D’Onofrio, Ph.D.,President; 539 Bristol Drive, S.W.; Reynoldsburg, OH 43068.
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