Philippine Migration and Development Statistical Almanac (Preview)

The Philippine 

Migration and Development 

Statistical Almanac 

Institute for Migration and Development Issues (IMDI) 

Mandaluyong City, Philippines 

December 2008

The Philippine Migration 

and Development Statistical Almanac 

First edition 

Copyright © December 2008 by the 


Mandaluyong City, Philippines 

Parts of this book may be reproduced, provided permission is sought from the Institute for Migration and Development Issues and 

that the sources of the data used are properly cited. 


653 Sanggumay Street, Mandaluyong City 1550, PHILIPPINES 

www.ofwphilanthropy.org (The Philippine Diaspora Philanthropy Portal) 

The website version of this Statistical Almanac 

can be found at http://almanac.ofwphilanthropy.org 

ISBN 978-971-94337-0-5 

Printed in Quezon City, the Philippines 

by Art Angel Print Shop 

Project collaborators 


Commission on Filipinos Overseas (CFO) 

Philippine Overseas Employment Agency (POEA) 

Project partners 

Peace and Equity Foundation (PEF) 

Philippine Migrants’ Rights Watch (PMRW) 

Feed the Hungry (FtH) - Philippines, based in the United States 

Save-a-Tahanan Inc. (STI), based in the United States 

Economic Resource Center for Overseas Filipinos (Ercof) 

The Institute encourages partnerships for projects and activities that will make use of the data from this Statistical Almanac.

Table of contents 

Foreword | iv 

Packaging the Almanac | vi 

Data notes | ix 

Survey: Stakeholders’ Views on the Migration and Development Data that they Need | xii 

How international migration statistics are compiled in the Philippines | xiii 

Limitations of the Data in this Statistical Almanac | xv 

Bibliography and Some Recommended References | xvii 

Abbreviations | xviii 

Chapter 1: Harmonized statistics on overseas Filipinos | 1 

Temporary migrants | 2 

Permanent residents | 12 

Undocumented or irregular migrants | 21 

Migrant households | 22 

Remittances | 32 

Development outcomes and overseas migration | 38 

Chapter 2: The countries of destination of Filipinos | 43 

United Nations (UN) Member countries, in alphabetical order | 44 

Non-UN countries | 253 

Chapter 3: The provinces of origin of overseas Filipinos | 258 

Credits | 339 

iii

Foreword 

This Philippine Migration and Development Statistical Almanac is a result of three years of monitoring, compiling, and eventually harmonizing statistics on 

Filipinos’ international migration by the Institute for Migration and Development Issues (IMDI). The Almanac is also a fitting tribute to the hardworking women and 

men within the government—from both statistical and non-statistical agencies—who have dutifully encoded and compiled raw and processed data surrounding 

overseas Filipinos for the general public’s benefit. 

The Migration and Development Statistical Almanac attempts to present data from administrative sources, as well as data from surveys and other selected 

quantitative studies, on Filipinos’ international migration and development. The data here flesh out the positive and negative consequences surrounding the 

overseas migration phenomenon to both the Philippines and to the countries where Filipinos go to. 

The Almanac does not aim to immediately make sense of the various data here. The publication rather presents these various datasets, regardless of where 

the data came from and the variances of such data. Government data-crunchers themselves, for decades now, have yet to determine a way to address these 

variances. 

As early as 1989, some Filipino migration scholars have called for the harmonization of international migration statistics. Migration scholar Benjamin 

Carino (1989: page 1265) wrote: “Despite the importance of international migration for national policy, efforts to correct the serious data limitations in the area of 

(international) statistics have been limited and uncoordinated.” 

Two decades after, administrative and statistical agencies have improved considerably in collecting international migration statistics. Some even remark that 

the Philippines is a global model in international migration statistics. But there remain limitations in the country’s international migration statistical system, as well 

as the entire Philippine Statistical System and the agencies under it. Recent events, such as the Second Global Forum on Migration and Development last October in 

Manila, also point to the clamor to improve international migration statistics within countries, and make these statistics more accessible. 

Some interesting facts emerge from this Statistical Almanac: 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(including islands and territories unfamiliar to many of us). Filipinos go to these countries as temporary migrants (better knwon as “overseas Filipino 

workers”), permanent migrants, and undocumented or irregular migrants; 

 

releases. But permanent migration (that includes marriage migrants who have married foreign partners) is predominantly female. Filipino seafarers are a 

visible group in terms of number; 

 

the top origin areas of temporary and permanent overseas migrants, as well as the hubs of many households receiving assistance from abroad; 

 

region of destination for permanent migrants. The Philippines-Saudi Arabia corridor is the biggest migration corridor for temporary migrants, while the 

Philippines-United States migration corridor is the biggest for permanent migrants; 

 

initial attempt to estimate remittances plowing into each and every Philippine province, triennial estimates show that families receiving assistance from 

migrants abroad got PhP208.848 billion in 2000 (covering 1.107 million migrant households), PhP245.856 billion in 2003 (1.31 million households), and 

PhP348.524 billion in 2006 (1.601 million households); 

 

 

migrant households are more than the total local government incomes in 55 of 79 provinces. 

A core group composed of representatives from the Institute for Migration and Development Issues, the Commission on Filipinos Overseas (CFO), the 

Philippine Overseas Employment Administration (POEA), and the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP), and the University of Santo Tomas - Social Research Center (SRC) 

has attempted to present the best possible data in this Statistical Almanac. The core group drew the datasets presented here from authoritative datasets. 

However, the user is advised to take note of the pitfalls of using currently available data on overseas Filipinos, and on socio-economic conditions in the 

Philippines and in various countries. Migrant flows and remittances data may be underestimated due to the following factors: using informal remittance channels; 

prevailing irregular migration; ambiguity in the definition of the word “migrants” both within the Philippines and globally; and more importantly the fluid, rapid 

movement of Filipinos in various countries. It is difficult to track the movement of overseas Filipinos. 

This Statistical Almanac may have presented voluminous data, but more considerable effort is needed to improve the quality of these international migration 

data. We suggest improvement in the collection and presentation of statistics surrounding Filipinos’ international migration in the coming years. 

But for now, stakeholders in the migration and development community will benefit the most from this Statistical Almanac. Emphasis goes to stakeholders 

based in the provinces and in overseas countries which have been searching for easily accessible and reliable data, as well as “localized” data that their provinces and 

countries can relate into. 

More importantly, the publisher of this Statistical Almanac is reminding users to maximize the contents of this resource for developmental purposes. People may 

have varied views on development, as well as who primarily benefits from such an approach on development. Overseas Filipinos and their families should primarily 

benefit from International migration and development initiatives. When migrants and their families have benefited, we hope that Philippine rural communities will 

maximize migration’s benefits so that the entire nation gets more supplementary resources from international migration —and use these resources efficiently and 

equitably. If this situation happens, hopefully the Philippines will lessen her dependency to continued out-migration as an explicit strategy for development, and 

minimize the addressing of the many problems brought about by overseas migration. 

This Statistical Almanac hopes that the general Filipino public can begin to link international migration and development issues precisely and empirically 

—combining anecdotal evidence with the voluminous data contained herewith. The Institute for Migration and Development Issues and its collaborating partners 

and supporters also hope that this Almanac’s data and core messages will provide strategic inputs to policy-making (especially to our local government units, 

iv

migrant-welfare agencies, and agencies involved in poverty reduction and social development). Users should also feel free to use the datasets here for their own 

purposes, provided the government agencies and the “Migration and Development Statistical Almanac” are cited. 

Gratitude is also extended to the partner organizations that have made this Almanac project possible: the Peace and Equity Foundation (PEF), the Philippine 

Migrants’ Rights Watch (PMRW), Feed the Hungry-Philippines (FtH), Save-a-Tahanan Inc. (STI), and the Economic Resource Center for Overseas Filipinos (Ercof). Amid 

today’s global economic crisis that literally challenged the production of this Almanac, these partners have shown their generosity to put this databank into fruition. 

If there is a demand to reprint more copies of this Statistical Almanac, we can only hope that there will be more willing partners. 

We are also aware that some stakeholders will not readily accept this Statistical Almanac and how this databank was produced. This Statistical Almanac is 

not, and will not claim to be, a complete databank on international migration and development. Filling up the missing data related to overseas Filipinos, such as the 

welfare conditions and cases of migrants in host countries, is a project that can be done in the future. 

Our country’s future beside citizens’ continued overseas migration will be challenging, as the Institute previously wrote. We hope that when many people use 

the contents of this Migration and Development Statistical Almanac strategically, it will lead to a future that the Philippines will look forward to. 

JEREMAIAH M. OPINIANO 

Executive Director, Institute for Migration and Development Issues (IMDI) 

www.ofwphilanthropy.org (The Philippine Diaspora Philanthropy Portal) 

http://almanac.ofwphilanthropy.org (The website version of the Migration and Development Statistical Almanac) 

v

Packaging the Almanac 

History in how this Statistical Almanac was developed 

The world now lives in an era of what experts call “international migration and development.” Now that the movement of people is a visible development 

issue worldwide, all the more that the Philippines must have available statistics on overseas Filipinos that are then to be analyzed with identified socio-economic 

development indicators. 

The Institute for Migration and Development Issues started compiling datasets on overseas Filipinos when it was technical editor of a government 

publication called the Fourth State of the Philippine Population Report (SPPR4). The report, released by the Commission on Population (PopCom), was a first attempt 

to look at Filipinos’ international migration from the standpoint of demography —with migration, both internal and international, among the three processes in 

demography. 

In the course of IMDI’s work for that report, the Institute developed a “Migration and Development Databank”. This old databank was then placed in IMDI’s 

website, the Philippine Diaspora Philanthropy Portal (when its domain name was then www.filipinodiasporagiving.org, and is now www.ofwphilanthropy.org). The 

objective of that databank is to present international migration statistics from a development standpoint, and then relate that databank to the possible resources 

that can be lured from overseas Filipinos. 

This current Migration and Development Statistical Almanac is a sequel to that old Migration and Development Databank. Partner organizations have then 

expressed interest in developing this Statistical Almanac, a first of its kind in the country. 

Framework 

The framework to present this Migration and Development Statistical Almanac comes from the population and development (Pop-Dev) field. A framework 

on the interaction between population and development, first developed by renowned health economist Dr. Alejandro Herrin in 1993, is used here to organize the 

presentation of the Almanac’s datasets. This Pop-Dev interaction (see Figure 1) not only shows the relationship of population and development factors, but also 

distinguishes between processes and outcomes (Alejandro Herrin in National Economic Development Authority, 1993). 

Fertility, mortality, and migration (both internal and international) are the three population processes. These processes lead to outcomes such as population 

size, the distribution of the population by age and sex, and the distribution of the population in the various regions or areas. These outcomes affect various 

development processes in many ways. Among these processes include consumption of good and services, savings and investment behavior, public expenditure 

patterns, utilization of human, physical and natural resources, among others (NEDA, 1993). 

This Pop-Dev relationship can be more complex as there are other processes coming out (e.g. utilization of resources such as land [leading to determine the 

productivity of land and the environment], utilization of labor [to determine levels of employment, unemployment and underemployment], and utilization of capital 

and technology). All these inter-related processes, in turn, lead to development outcomes that will give us an indication of the extent to which we are achieving our 

development objectives. These outcomes are expressed in terms of measures such as income distribution, levels of employment, education, health and nutritional 

status, among others. In turn, these socio-economic outcomes also affect the very processes of fertility, mortality, and migration (NEDA, 1993). 

POPULATION 

OUTCOMES 

• Population size 

• Age-sex structure 

• Spatial distribution 

DEVELOPMENT PROCESSES 

• Consumption of goods and services 

(food, health, education, housing) 

• Savings and investment 

• Human capital utilization (i.e. labor) 

• Physical capital utilization (land, 

capital, technology) 

• Environmental resource utilization 

• Public expenditure 

• Others 

POPULATION 

PROCESSES 

• Fertility 

• Mortality 

• Migration (internal, 

international) 

DEVELOPMENT OUTCOMES 

• Income / income distribution 

• Employment 

• Educational status 

• Health / nutritional status 

• Environmental quality 

• Others 

Figure 1: Framework on population and development inter-relationships 

(Alejandro Herrin, in National Economic and Development Authority, 1993) 

The Institute then adopted elements of Herrin’s framework to approach the presentation of this Migration and Development Statistical Almanac. The specific 

population process here, international migration, covers temporary, permanent, and undocumented or irregular migration. Population outcomes and development 

processes as a result of Filipinos’ international migration were also looked at, leading to a cursory look at the development outcomes of international migration 

—i.e. the positive and negative consequences of international migration. The framework is situated in both the home country and in the host countries of overseas 

Filipinos (see Figure 2) 

vi

While migrant households located in the Philippines are not the ones migrating overseas, voluminous datasets prompted about them the separate 

presentation of migrant households data according to this Almanac’s operational framework. 

Meanwhile, datasets on remittances were sub-divided into three parts: a) remittance volumes; b) remitters; and c) remittance recipients. 

And given the datasets contained in the first five sub-parts under Part 1, the Institute also packaged some tables under the theme “overseas migration 

and development outcomes.” These datasets provide a preliminary look at some of the positive and negative consequences of Filipinos’ international 

migration. The datasets for this sub-part are sub-divided into: a) overseas migration and demography; b) overseas migration and domestic employment; 

and c) overseas migration, poverty, and income. Users of this Almanac are also encouraged to develop their own cross-tabulations on the socio-economic 

consequences of Filipinos’ international migration. 

 

Countries of Destination of Filipinos. The first two sub-parts of the datasets per destination country cover socio-economic and demographic 

data, as well as identified development indicators per country. The third sub-part consists of international migration and remittances datasets in each of 

these countries. Datasets from these three sub-parts come from existing publications of the World Bank: the 2007 Little Data Book and the 2008 Migration 

and Remittances Factbook. 

Data on Filipinos in each and every country are presented as well. The Filipino data included here are: a) Filipinos in this destination country, covering 

temporary migrants, permanent migrants, and undocumented or irregular migrants; and b) remittances the Philippines received from this destination 

country. The data on the number of Filipinos and remittances from Filipinos in a certain destination country came from the harmonized statistics on 

overseas Filipinos. 

There are 239 countries identified to be having Filipinos. Some countries may have data on Filipinos, but no data on remittances. The situation can also be 

the reverse: there are no publicly-available data on the number of Filipinos in a certain country, but there are remittances data. The 239 countries are also 

sub-divided into members and non-members of the United Nations. 

 

Provinces of Origin of Overseas Filipinos. Two major sub-parts are contained herewith: a) socio-economic development and demographic 

data per province; and b) overseas migration data for the said province. Each province’s socio-economic development and demographic data came from 

existing government datasets that one of the collaborating organizations of this Statistical Almanac, the Peace and Equity Foundation, put together as a 

Philippine Provincial Poverty Map in 2008. 

The overseas migration data per Philippine province has the following variables: a) overseas migrants per province (temporary and permanent migrants, 

male and female); b) estimated remittances to the said province; c) number of families receiving cash, gifts and other sources of income from abroad 

(also referred to as “migrant households”); d) overseas Filipino tourists in the province; and e) overseas Filipinos’ donations the province received from the 

Lingkod sa Kapwa Pilipino (LinKaPil) program of the Commission on Filipinos Overseas. 

viii

Data Notes 

The reader is advised to take note of the strengths and limitations of the datasets here on Filipinos international migration, or even the international datasets 

on international migration and migrants’ remittances. Many datasets are often missing, lagging, or lacking in cross-country comparability. Capturing data on 

irregular or undocumented migration remains a big challenge (World Bank, 2008). On a global scale, datasets on international migration movements have their own 

limitations (Michael Clemens, 2008). 

Data on Filipinos’ international migration: the migrant abroad and migrant households 

These datasets cover the three types of international migration movements by Filipinos (in Commission on Filipinos Overseas, 2008): 

 

 

 

– These refer to Filipino migrants and legal permanent residents abroad. Permanent migrants may be Filipinos who are Filipino 

citizens, who are Philippine passport holders, or who have been naturalized citizens in the host country. Popular labels to these kinds of migrants are 

“immigrants” and “emigrants”. Filipino or Filipina spouses who have married foreign partners and have settled overseas are part of this group. 

– These refer to Filipinos whose stay overseas, while regular and properly documented, is temporary. This is owed to the employmentrelated 

nature of their status in host countries. Temporary migrants include contract workers, intra-company transferees, students, trainees, entrepreneurs, 

businessmen, traders, and others whose stay abroad is six months or more. These migrants are popularly referred to as “overseas contract workers (OCWs)” 

or “overseas Filipino workers (OFWs)”. 

These are migrants whose stay abroad is not properly documented. They also do not have valid residence and work permits; they also 

be overstaying workers or tourists in a foreign country. Migrants belonging to this category shall have been in such status for six months or more. A related 

label to these migrants is “undocumented migrants”. In Filipino parlance, these migrants are called “TNTs” (tago ng tago, or “always in hiding”). 

The government, through the Commission on Filipinos Overseas, annually releases the Stock Estimates on Overseas Filipinos. This dataset presents the number 

of Filipinos by type of overseas migration (see separate section on the agencies involved in international migration data and their data-capturing methodologies). 

CFO also produces the datasets on permanent migrants. Meanwhile, data on land-based and sea-based temporary migrants (the latter covering seafarers in 

ocean-plying vessels) comes from the Philippine Overseas Employment Administration (POEA). Both agencies process the documents of permanent and temporary 

migrants, respectively. 

Since the Stock Estimates on Overseas Filipinos are the only one with data on undocumented or irregular Filipinos, this Statistical Almanac used such data 

source. 

Data generated by POEA and CFO are administrative data since these agencies register these outgoing migrants through documentation (thus making their 

overseas migration “documented”). 

The government’s National Statistics Office, meanwhile, has survey data that concern overseas Filipinos. Estimates produced by the annual Survey on Overseas 

Filipinos (SOF) include demographic information on overseas Filipinos, as well as overseas Filipinos’ remittance behavior. Overseas Filipinos surveyed by the SOF are 

those who are in the country from April to September. 

NSO also has datasets that contain information on the households of overseas migrants. These datasets can be found in the decennial Census of the 

Population and Housing, and in the triennial Family Income and Expenditures Survey (FIES). Demographic data on migrant households are found in both the 

Census and in the FIES, while many information on migrant households’ incomes are available in the FIES (the FIES enumerates the sources of income of all Filipino 

households into three major types: wages and salaries, entrepreneurial activities, and other sources. Under other sources of income is a variable called “cash receipts, 

gifts, and other forms of assistance from abroad.” This specific variable covers households with a breadwinner abroad, which this Statistical Almanac refers to as 

migrant households). 

Some data on overseas Filipino workers and migrant households can also be found in the quarterly Labor Force Survey of NSO. This survey is important since 

the government has recently included overseas Filipino workers in the definition of who is “employed.” 

The Statistical Almanac also cited data on overseas Filipinos who are tourists (coming from the Department of Tourism), and donations from overseas Filipinos 

per province coming from the Commission on Filipinos Overseas’ Lingkod sa Kapwa Pilipino program (LinKaPil). 

It is to note that datasets produced by the Philippines on her international migrants may differ from datasets produced by the United Nations Population 

Division, and even by statistical agencies in host countries (a separate section on the agencies involved in international migration data and their data-capturing 

methodologies explains the differences). 

Data on Filipinos’ international migration and development processes and outcomes 

Data cited in these sub-sections of the Statistical Almanac were culled from identified papers by academics such as economists, demographers, and 

statisticians. Authors of these papers used government data, as their data that this Statistical Almanac cited are descriptive data —not inferential data that were a 

result of regressions and other complex statistical formulas. 

ix

Survey: Stakeholders’ Views on the Migration 

and Development Data that they Need 

Academics and demographers belonging to a nonprofit grant-making foundation, the Philippine Center for Population and Development (PCPD), have 

suggested that the Institute for Migration and Development Issues should hear the views of various stakeholders to know the kind of international migration and 

development data that they need. Knowing these stakeholders’ data needs will make the Statistical Almanac more useful to them. 

Given the limited resources available for this Migration and Development Statistical Almanac project, the Institute handed out a one-page survey to some 

identified migration and development stakeholders. Most of the 13 respondents of that small survey are nonprofit workers and academics. The limitation here is that 

the views expressed herein do not represent the views of a big sample, like any well-funded survey project can do. This small survey was done while the statistics 

were being encoded and validated. 

These respondents said they are using international migration statistics for the following purposes: training, education and awareness-raising; policy research 

and analysis; advocacy work; program and project development; making evidence-based claims; monitoring and evaluation; and for some specific purposes pending 

on group’s specific areas of work. 

These same survey respondents also gave the following observations: 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

include: a) no regular updating; b) inconsistencies and contradictions from the data; c) “incomplete” datasets; d) different definitions and categories 

of who are those overseas Filipinos; e) late releases of such datasets; e) unsubstantiated estimates on migration flows; f) lack of gender disaggregated 

datasets; g) no local datasets on international migration and overseas Filipinos; h) presence of “unreliable” data sources and “unrealistic” data; and i) the 

presence of variances of such datasets on overseas Filipinos that come from various sources; 

 

never tried harmonizing or putting together these datasets; 

 

is “very difficult”); 

 

migration statistics. One of six said that “easy access” of the data, and having “gender-disaggregated data” is the most important; 

 

said they will use the data also said that “they will not rely on that provincial dataset always”; and 

 

and remittances; (overseas countries’ data) total flows of emigrants and immigrants per country; total number of Filipinos in the said country; and total 

cash remittance flows from the said country to the Philippines. 

These same survey respondents have provided various suggestions to improve the country’s international migration statistical system: 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

inclusion in future data capturing activities. Examples include missing demographic variables (e.g. civil status, religious affiliation, quantifying the social 

costs of migration); 

 

 

institutions as regards international migration statistics should be reviewed while an oversight body that will look at the integrity of these statistics be 

formed; 

 

 

 

migration-related dynamics that are excluded by the data capturing agencies should be factored in; 

 

 

xii

How international migration statistics 

are compiled in the Philippines 

The Philippines has developed a sophisticated set of statistics about its citizens abroad, at least before migrants leave and when migrants are in host countries. 

Generally, migration (covering internal and international migration) is a challenging population process to quantify because the fluidity of migration movements 

—either by air, land, or sea— makes the situation difficult to track down. 

But the Philippines is among the most advanced worldwide in terms of developing multiple-level statistics on the international migration phenomenon. The 

government even has a technical working group that periodically evaluates the data being produced, as well as the technical details surrounding the coverage of 

the data as per the type of overseas emigration by Filipinos. 

Data generators. Given the many types of overseas Filipinos, as well as the fluidity of their documented and undocumented movements, many agencies are 

involved in the collection, recording, and processing of the country’s international migration statistics. Data sources on the international migration of Filipinos come 

from both the Philippines and from host countries. 

In the Philippines, the major data gathering offices are the agencies involved in the country’s management of overseas migration flows (the roles of these 

agencies, as well as the data they gather, will be explained in the migration and development statistical almanac). These homeland-based government agencies 

produce administrative data (i.e. data of processed temporary contract workers and permanent residents about to leave the Philippines), survey data, and even 

national population registry. The agencies in the homeland include: 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Overseas, the embassies and consulates that all fall under the Department of Foreign Affairs are providers of estimates on the number of Filipinos in certain 

host countries. The sources of these datasets include: immigration or border statistics, population registers, and residence permits. Most of these Philippine diplomatic 

missions use the statistics offices of host countries (especially those situated in developed countries that have sophisticated Census datasets). The embassies and 

consulates also have information on the number of Filipinos who have availed of their services (e.g. passports, birth certificates, dual citizenship applications). 

The table below lists down the sources of datasets on overseas Filipinos: 

Table: Philippine government agencies and migration data-capturing mechanisms 

Data-capturing agency Data source Type of data 

Commission on Filipinos Overseas (CFO) 

Philippine Overseas Employment 

Administration (POEA) 

 

 

 

overseas Filipinos from all data sources in the Philippines and abroad) 

 

spouses of foreign partners 

Administrative 

Annual 

Administrative Annual 

Frequency of release 

of a complete dataset 

National Statistics Office (NSO) 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Survey 

SOF: annual (period of coverage is April- 

September of every year) 

LFS: quarterly 

FIES: every three years 

Census: every five years (though the last 

Census was done seven years after the 2000 

Census) 

Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) 

 

 

 

 


Department of Tourism (DOT) Administrative Annual 

Overseas Workers Welfare Administration 

(OWWA) 

Philippine Retirement Authority (PRA) 

Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) and 

its embassies and consulates in 80-plus 

countries worldwide 

 

 

 

 

OWWA members (OWWA is POEA’s source of data for migrant workers 

coming from the regions and provinces) 

 

Visa 

 

Filipinos in countries of jurisdiction (citing data from within the 

embassies/consulates and from host countries’ statistical offices) 




Formal remittances Monthly (although data 

are two months behind) 

Combined formal and informal remittances: 

Annual 

Annual 

Annual 

Annual 

xiii

Data sources in the Philippines. The major data gathering offices are the agencies involved in the country’s management of overseas migration flows. The 

Department of Labor and Employment is a major agency, alongside its attached agency the Philippine Overseas Employment Administration. Temporary contract 

workers (both newly-hired and re-hired) are the jurisdiction of the two agencies. A related agency, the Overseas Workers Welfare Administration (the welfare-focused 

 

Commission on Filipinos Overseas (then under the Department of Foreign Affairs, or DFA, and now under the Office of the President) handles permanent residents 

and immigrants (Jeremiah Opiniano, 2006). 

Another agency, the Bureau of Immigration and Deportation, handles records of Filipinos and foreigners who pass through air and sea ports. Some 

government officials involved in harmonizing international migration data have mentioned that BID cannot use embarkation and disembarkation cards to record 

the number of exiting and returning Filipinos (especially in airports). But raw data on departing and returning foreigners and overseas Filipinos are available at the 

BID. Migration scholars have long recommended that the BID systematize its data on departing overseas Filipinos (Benjamin Carino, 1989). 

The National Statistics Office is the main agency under the National Economic and Development Authority that is into gathering relevant data on overseas 

Filipinos. NSO uses three sets of household and income surveys related to Filipinos abroad: the quarterly Labor Force Surveys (which is 72 pages thick), the annual 

Survey on Overseas Filipinos or the SOF (which is a rider to the October round of the LFS), and the triennial Family Income and Expenditures Survey. The SOF is the 

most important survey instrument for NSO in regard to getting data on overseas Filipinos, particularly their demographic information and remittance behavior. 

There are also other related agencies that are part of the data tracking machinery for overseas Filipinos. One is the Philippine Retirement Authority, which 

records the number of returning Filipinos who have availed of what are called the special retirement retiree’s visa. Another agency relevant herewith is the Department 

of Tourism, which records foreigner and overseas Filipino tourists arriving to the country. DOT has national-to-provincial-level data. 

Available data from Philippine diplomatic missions abroad. Overseas migration statistics are also being tracked from host countries. DFA is central in this task 

since it coordinates the work of 80-plus embassies and consulates worldwide —all of which are trying their best to provide estimates of the number of Filipinos in the 

host country/countries that they cover. The sources of these datasets include immigration or border statistics, population registers, and residence permits (United 

Nations Statistics Division, 2006). 

Many of these diplomatic missions use the statistics offices of the host countries, especially those situated in developed countries that have sophisticated 

Census datasets as well as Census data ferreting software (e.g. the United States, Canada, Australia, European countries). Some statistics offices of host countries have 

various variables-cum-labels about foreigners, such as foreign workers, foreign-born population, the population born to families of mixed races, among others. 

Philippine diplomatic missions abroad also have information on the number of Filipinos who have availed of their services (e.g. passports, birth certificates, 

dual citizenship), and these missions include these numbers into the estimates being reported annually to the Philippine government. 

Finer details on how some of these agencies capture international migration statistics can be found on these links at the website of the Philippine Institute 

of Development Studies: 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

xiv

Limitations of the Data in this Statistical Almanac 

International migration statistics in the Philippines are not perfect —a fact that data-crunchers in the government agencies that develop such data have 

themselves admitted. The Philippines has tried its best to develop the best possible set of international migration statistics amid observations that capturing and 

generating such statistics from a population process called international migration is difficult. 

Statistics presented in this Migration and Development Statistical Almanac all the more have their limitations. 

Data and data capturing limitations 

 

 

Overseas, produces annual stock estimates on overseas Filipinos, having a reliable base data remains a challenge. CFO uses the formula below to compute 

the stock estimates of all overseas Filipinos, and wishes that this formula be modified in future estimations: 

Ap = Bt + Ct..p – Dt..p 

where 

Ap – the overseas Filipino population at time P; 

Bt – the stock of Filipinos abroad as of time T; 

Ct..p – the total outflow of migrant Filipinos to the Philippines since time T until time P; and 

Dt..p – the total return flow of migrant Filipinos to the Philippines since time T until time P 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Double counting of migrants is a real statistical challenge, especially on the part of returning temporary migrants who wish to work overseas again 

—whether to the initial destination country or to a new country. 

does not have comprehensive and accurate data on returning migrants. What return migration-related data that this 

Statistical Almanac contains are data on re-hired temporary migrant workers (the first time this dataset is made publicly available), and data on overseas 

Filipinos as tourists. Many stakeholders have clamored that the Bureau of Immigration and Deportation be involved in the international migration 

statistical system since departing and returning migrants are filling up embarkation and disembarkation cards. 

 

the Philippine Overseas Employment Administration does not have available data on overseas workers civil status and educational attainment (even if 

the raw data are available within POEA). This is where the forms of agencies such as POEA and CFO need to be improved to capture the other missing data 

better. 

 

Filipinos vis-à-vis the type of overseas migration by Filipinos. At the same time, Philippine authorities on international migration statistics are trying to 

configure Philippine-context definitions with definitions by the United Nations Population Division. The same concern also goes with remittances: what 

the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) usually releases are cash remittances, while what the International Monetary Fund estimates are remittances of all 

types. 

Remittances data also have some discrepancies that are a result of various countries’ financial infrastructure and systems. For example, people should 

not easily think that the volume of remittances from some 2.5 million Filipinos in the United States entirely come from the US. Saudi Arabia-originated 

remittances had to be cleared in US financial clearing houses before reaching the Philippines, as some of those remittances originally coming from the 

one million Filipino workers in Saudi Arabia are recorded as remittances coming from the United States. Another example is Libya, where there are nearly 

10,000 Filipinos. Remittances recorded from Libya are only in thousand US dollars but remittances coming from neighboring Tunisia, which only has less 

than 250 Filipinos, have reached millions. Filipinos there say they have to go to neighboring Tunisia by land to send money home. Users of this Almanac 

looking at Philippine remittances data should take note of these circumstances. 

types of migrants to be counted. In demography, a person is counted if he or she is still part of a country as a 

resident. In the case of overseas migration, temporary migrants are still counted because they are still Filipino citizens even if they have been out of 

the country for a considerable amount of time. But permanent migrants are not anymore counted in the Philippines since they have been residents of 

host countries already. This is even if permanent migrants contribute substantially to the Philippines through remittances and other resources. Some 

academics even observe that international migration distorts concepts such as “residency” and “citizenship”—to the point that demography has yet to 

address such intricacies of international human mobility. 

caution to easily compare various datasets on overseas Filipinos per variable using the various data sources. For example, it is easily 

discomforting to compare the 8.7 million stock estimates on overseas Filipinos produced by CFO to the 1.1 million deployed overseas workers in a year 

(POEA data), the 80,000-plus registered permanent residents (CFO), and the estimated 1.7 million overseas Filipinos according to the Survey on Overseas 

Filipinos (National Statistics Office). Instead of comparing one dataset to the other, this Statistical Almanac looked at the trends that can be seen from 

these datasets as regards a specific variable (e.g. age, sex structure, civil status, among others). The user of this Almanac should also understand the 

limitations of data-capturing methods such as the Survey on Overseas Filipinos, the Family Income and Expenditures Survey, and the Labor Force Survey 

in aspects such as sample size, weighting factor, and even the areas unreached by these statistical agencies due to various geographic and resource 

limitations. 

xv

Limitations brought about by international migration itself 

Data presented here are those coming from government agencies, recording the overseas migration of Filipinos who pass through their registries. But there 

are other data that are simply difficult to capture. 

The most difficult data to capture are irregular or undocumented migrants, simply because these migrants are in hiding and are eluding identification 

that may lead to their possible deportation. Even world experts have yet to design a statistically reliable methodology to estimate the volume of irregular or 

undocumented migrants. 

What Philippine government agencies also fail to capture are Filipinos who were overseas tourists and eventually got work in some host countries. This 

is the case in Singapore where Filipinos there, when they have found work, are legal and documented even if they did not pass through the Philippine Overseas 

Employment Administration. Directly-hired overseas workers who do not see the need anymore to pass through the POEA are another example. It is also possible 

that some Filipinos abroad, whether temporary, permanent, or irregular/undocumented, have married foreign partners in host countries without needing to be 

registered with the Commission on Filipinos Overseas. 

It is even more difficult to capture Filipinos who initially went to one country and eventually went to another country for work or settlement (especially to 

countries that can be traveled by land). Within a host country itself, unless that host country has a developed statistical system (e.g. United States, Canada), it is 

difficult to track the presence of Filipinos in particular provinces, counties, or towns. 

Fluidity can also be seen in overseas Filipinos’ migration status in the host country. Initial data may have captured a Filipino who was an overseas worker (i.e. 

temporary migrant), but if the said worker became a permanent resident, this development is not easily recorded by data-capturing agencies. It has been the desire 

of many Filipinos abroad that given the opportunities available in a host country, as well as that country’s receptiveness to foreigners, Filipinos will try to acquire 

permanent residency status or even citizenship. 

These instances brought about by international migration itself prove the fluidity of overseas human mobility. 

Limitations of the data-capturing agencies themselves 

Financial, human and technological resources are visible limitations of the data-capturing agencies. But this does not only apply to international migration 

statistics, but to the country’s entire statistical system. 

An agency that plays a critical role in developing socio-economic statistics is the National Statistics Office. For the last four years, doing nationwide surveys 

that try to cover the near-entirety of the country’s 7,101 islands, NSO worked on just a PhP3.32 billion budget (the NSO’s 2008 budget of PhP979.151 million was even 

lower than the PhP1.029 billion the agency got in 2007). 

The visible result is that some of NSO’s public use files and published datasets of some of its surveys are delayed in their actual release. More importantly, even 

the sampling frame of the NSO’s surveys (e.g. Survey on Overseas Filipinos, Family Income and Expenditures Survey, Labor Force Survey) had to be reduced to match 

to the scant resources available. Researchers of the Institute for Migration and Development Issues experienced the fact that while the 2005 to 2007 editions of the 

Survey on Overseas Filipinos are available at the NSO website, the public use files are not yet ready for public consumption since NSO’s statisticians are re-evaluating 

the weighting factor in the SOF’s sample size to cover the entire country. 

What has been encountered also is the inability of some surveys to go down to the provincial level, or even to municipal and city levels. Previously, the Family 

Income and Expenditures Survey and the Labor Force Survey can go down to the provincial levels. But the 2003 FIES and the LFS done after 2003 cannot go down to 

the provincial level. If researchers wish to make provincial data, they have to seek the NSO’s permission yet the data cannot be publicly released due to sampling and 

statistical limitations. This is where this Statistical Almanac, for example in estimating remittances per province, had to use some statistical formula out of regional 

and national data from recent years, and with the help of some available provincial data from previous years. 

Migration-related agencies also have their own limitations. The Philippine Overseas Employment Administration has a limited manpower complement in its 

Central Records Division to keep pace with the daily droves of departing overseas workers which the same agency processes. If the POEA processed some 1.1 million 

overseas workers in 2007, a personnel complement of less than 10 employees manage an average of 3,013 workers a day to have their work contracts processed 

and their names eventually included in the POEA’s administrative data. By ratio, a POEA employee involved in capturing international migration statistics has to 

handle over-400,000 current and previous records of deployed overseas workers (Donna Leceta, 2002: page 52). The Commission on Filipinos Overseas is luckier to 

be managing an annual departure of 70,000-to-80,000 registered emigrants annually. 

The Bureau of Immigration and Deportation also remains to be a missing actor in the country’s international migration statistical system. The said agency 

has data on exiting and returning Filipinos and foreigners, including those according to purpose of overseas travel and return to the Philippines. However, various 

years of prodding by international migration stakeholders are not enough to convince BID to be more pro-active in generating international migration statistics. 

A migration expert even thinks that BID’s mandate is more leaned towards enforcement, and thus international migration statistics are put on the wayside. Other 

agencies have stressed the importance of BID in international migration statistical for many years already. 

But we then go back to the limited resources at the government’s disposal. In 1995, when the Philippines enacted Republic Act 8042 or the “Migrant Workers 

and Overseas Filipinos Act,” that law mandated the creation of a Shared Government System on International Migration (SGISM). Under RA 8042, SGISM aims to 

“improve the monitoring and efficiency of government agencies in enforcing the provisions of RA 8042.” SGISM mandates international migration-related agencies 

to build their own databases on Filipinos abroad with: demographic information, an inventory of pending cases of Filipinos overseas; master lists of departing and 

arriving Filipinos; statistical profiles of Filipino migrants; overseas Filipinos and tourists; legal systems in foreign countries; and lists of labor and other human rights 

instruments for migrants. Computer facilities will then be provided to these agencies to allow data exchanges (Asian Development Bank, 2004: pages 68-69). 

Unfortunately, there is still no SGISM. 

Unfortunately also, there is no database of welfare and labor-related cases affecting overseas Filipino workers in various host countries (e.g. illegal recruitment, 

trafficking), volumes of repatriated or deported Filipino workers, legal cases related to overseas labor migration in all municipal and regional trial courts, or spouses or 

children of overseas workers assisted by social welfare agencies. Compiling these kinds of datasets, covering various years, is another full-fledged project in itself. 

xvi

Bibliography and Some Recommended References 

Abella, Manolo and Geoffrey Ducanes (2008a). “Overseas Filipino Workers and their Impact on Household Poverty.” Working paper number 5, International Labour 

Office-Asian Regional Programme on Governance of Labour Migration. Bangkok, Thailand: ILO. 

________________________________ (2008b). “Overseas Filipino Workers and their Impact on household employment decisions.” Working paper number 8, 

International Labour Office-Asian Regional Programme on Governance of Labour Migration. Bangkok, Thailand: ILO. 

Asian Development Bank (2004, December). Enhancing the Efficiency of Overseas Filipino Workers’ Remittances. Manila, Philippines: Asian Development Bank. 

Asis, Maruja M.B. (2008, February). “Tracking the Migrant Nation: International Migration Statistics in the Philippines.” Presented at the 2008 Congress of the Philippine 

Population Association, University of the Philippines-Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines. 

Cariño, Benjamin V. (1989). “The Philippine National Recording Systems on International Migration”. International Migration Review xxi, 4. 

Castro, Lina (2006, 4-7 December). “Measuring International Migration in the Philippines.” Presented at the United Nations Expert Group Meeting on “Measuring 

International Migration: Concepts and Methods,” United Nations, New York City, USA. 

Clemens, Michael (2008, October 27). “Strengthening Data and Research Tools on Migration and Development.” Presented at the 2008 Global Forum on Migration 

and Development – Civil Society Days (GFMD), Manila, Philippines. 

Commission on Population (undated). Handbook on Basic Demographic Concepts. Manila, Philippines: Commission on Population. 

Leceta, Donna (2002). “Assessment of Records Management System for OFWs at the POEA.” Masteral thesis in Public Administration, Polytechnic University of the 

Philippines (PUP), Manila, Philippines. 

Ogena, Nimfa and Josefa Zafra (1998, 2-4 December). “Underestimation of Migration Statistics in the Philippines: What to do Next?” Paper presented at the seventh 

National Convention on Statistics, Mandaluyong City, Philippines. 

Opiniano, Jeremaiah (2007, July). “Philippine Migration Statistics: Insights from Europe and Beyond.” In Filomenita Mongaya Hogsholm (editor). In De Olde Worlde: 

Views of Filipino Migrants in Europe. Quezon City, Philippines: Philippine Social Science Council and the Philippine Migration Research Network. 

_________________ (2006, September 7). “Data Crunchers Say RP has Proxy Migration Data.” , 5, Number 7. 

Peace and Equity Foundation (2008). “Philippine Provincial Poverty Indicators” (a poster). Quezon City, Philippines: Peace and Equity Foundation. 

Pernia, Ernesto (2008). “Migration, Remittances, Poverty, and Inequality.” Discussion Paper 2008-01, University of the Philippines (Diliman) – School of Economics, 

Quezon City, Philippines. In . 

Virola, Romulo, Mildred Addawe and Ma. Ivy Querubin (2007). “Trends and Characteristics of the Middle-Income Class in the Philippines: Is it Expanding or Shrinking?” 

Presented at the 2007 National Convention on Statistics, 1-2 October 2007 Mandaluyong City, Philippines (organized by the Philippines’ National Statistical 

Coordination Board). 

World Bank (2008). Migration and Remittances Factbook 2008. Washington D.C., USA: The World Bank. 

_________ (2008). 2007 Little Data Book. Washington D.C., USA: The World Bank. 

xvii

Abbreviations 

BID 

BSP 

CFO 

DFA 

DOLE 

FIES 

LFS 

NEDA 

NSCB 

NSO 

OFW 

OFs 

OWWA 

POEA 

SOF 

Bureau of Immigration and Deportation 

Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (Philippines’ Central Bank) 

Commission on Filipinos Overseas 

Department of Foreign Affairs 

Department of Labor and Employment 

Family Income and Expenditures Survey 

Labor Force Survey 

National Economic and Development Authority 

National Statistical Coordination Board 

National Statistics Office 

Overseas Filipino Worker(s) 

Overseas Filipinos 


Philippine Overseas Employment Administration 

Survey on Overseas Filipinos 

xviii

CHAPTER 1 

Harmonized statistics 

on overseas Filipinos 

1

1 Temporary migrants 

1.1 Population outcomes 

1.1.1 Population size 

It took the Philippines 23 years to have recorded a million Filipinos as temporary migrant workers (both newly hired and re-hired workers). But given the 

fluidity of overseas migration (to include those who did not pass through the Philippine Overseas Employment Administration), it will not be surprising that over a 

million Filipinos work abroad in the last few years. 

The country’s first available dataset on re-hired overseas workers showed that their size over the last seven years is from 390,000-plus to nearly half a 

million. 

Table 1: Deployment of temporary contract workers, 1984-2007 

Year 

Land-based 

workers 

Sea-based 

workers 

Total 

1984 300,378 50,604 350,982 

1985 320,494 52,290 372,784 

1986 323,517 54,697 378,214 

1987 382,229 67,042 449,271 

1988 385,117 85,913 471,030 

1989 355,346 103,280 458,626 

1990 334,883 111,212 446,095 

1991 489,260 125,759 615,019 

1992 549,655 136,806 686,461 

1993 550,872 145,758 696,630 

1994 564,031 154,376 718,407 

1995 488,173 165,401 653,574 

1996 484,653 175,469 660,122 

1997 559,227 188,469 747,696 

1998 638,343 193,300 831,643 

1999 640,331 196,689 837,020 

2000 643,304 198,324 841,628 

2001 r 662,648 204,951 867,599 

2002 682,315 209,593 891,908 

2003 651,938 216,031 867,969 

2004 704,586 229,002 933,588 

2005 740,632 247,983 988,615 

2006 788,070 274,497 1,062,567 

2007 811,070 266,553 1,077,623 

 

departures of overseas workers at international airports. 

 

Table 2: Deployed Filipino seafarers, 1984 to 2007 

Year 

Number of 

seafarers 

1984 50,604 

1985 52,290 

1986 54,697 

1987 67,042 

1988 85,913 

1989 103,280 

1990 111,212 

1991 125,759 

1992 136,806 

1993 145,758 

1994 154,376 

1995 165,401 

1996 175,469 

1997 188,469 

1998 193,300 

1999 196,689 

2000 198,324 

2001 204,951 

2002 209,593 

2003 216,031 

2004 229,002 

2005 247,983 

2006 230,022 

2007 226,900 

 

Table 3: Total deployment of rehired temporary contract workers by gender, 

2001-2007 

Year 

Total 

2001 390,554 

2002 393,638 

2003 372,373 

2004 419,674 

2005 450,651 

2006 470,390 

2007 497,810 

 

make gender disaggregated data covering all these rehires as of this writing. 

 

Table 4: Overseas Filipino workers by sex (in 000s) 

Annual Survey on Overseas Filipinos 

Year Both sexes Male Female 

2007 1,747 890 857 

2006 1,515 751 764 

2005 1,327 667 660 

2004 1,180 604 577 

2003 983 508 475 

2002 1,056 554 502 

2001 1,029 528 501 

2000 978 527 451 

1999 1,043 547 497 

1998 904 469 435 

1997 1,013 554 459 

1996 795 416 379 

1995 795 504 396 

Details may not add up due to rounding off 

 

Chapter 1: Harmonized statistics on overseas Filipinos 

2 The Philippine Migration and Development Statistical Almanac

1.1.2 Age structure 

It is evident that many overseas workers are aged 25 to 34 years old. In this age bracket, there were more females than males. 

Table 5: Median age of overseas workers by region and sex (2000 Census) 

Region Total Male Female 

Philippines 32 35 29 

National Capital Region 34 37 29 

Cordillera Administrative Region 33 34 32 

I – Ilocos 33 35 32 

II -Cagayan Valley 30 32 30 

III - Central Luzon 33 36 29 

IV - Southern Tagalog (Calabarzon and Mimaropa) 34 36 31 

V – Bicol 29 32 26 

VI - Western Visayas 32 34 29 

VII - Central Visayas 29 33 24 

VIII - Eastern Visayas 32 34 29 

IX - Zamboanga Peninsula 26 29 24 

X - Northern Mindanao 31 33 29 

XI – Davao 29 32 27 

XII – Socksargen 27 30 25 

XIII – Caraga 31 34 27 

Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao 25 27 24 

 

(in Carmelita Ericta et al., 2003) 

Table 6: Age groups of overseas workers, 2003 to 2007 Survey on Overseas Filipinos 

Year Philippines (000s) 15-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45 and over 

2007 1,747 174 428 362 285 192 306 

Male 890 66 181 178 151 111 203 

Female 857 108 247 184 134 81 103 

2006 1,515 162 373 300 227 194 259 

Male 751 50 152 148 124 110 167 

Female 764 112 221 152 103 84 92 

2005 1,327 152 311 257 208 172 225 

Male 667 59 124 130 108 108 147 

Female 660 102 87 127 100 64 78 

2004 1,063 123 219 209 174 146 192 

Male 524 33 88 99 88 91 125 

Female 539 90 131 110 86 55 67 

2003 982 95 209 207 166 129 176 

Male 508 28 87 107 93 77 116 

Female 475 67 122 103 73 52 58 

 


 

Table 7: Share of overseas Filipino workers by age group, 1988-2004 


Year = 55 y/o Total 

1988 17.3 43.3 25.8 11.3 2.2 100.0 

1989 16.1 41.3 28.8 11.3 2.6 100.0 

1990 13.9 36.8 33.3 12.7 3.2 100.0 

1991 14.3 36.9 33.6 11.3 3.9 100.0 

1992 17.2 37.7 29.4 13.0 2.7 100.0 

1993 14.9 40.6 30.2 12.1 2.2 100.0 

1994 14.7 40.3 30.9 11.2 2.9 100.0 

1995 17.1 39.7 30.1 10.9 2.2 100.0 

1996 14.9 39.7 28.4 13.9 3.1 100.0 

1997 12.0 39.6 31.9 13.1 3.4 100.0 

1998 13.9 40.2 29.7 13.9 2.3 100.0 

1999 11.8 41.1 30.1 13.4 3.6 100.0 

2000 11.6 38.3 30.7 15.4 4.0 100.0 

2001 11.6 39.0 29.4 16.6 3.4 100.0 

2002 11.6 37.6 28.4 17.7 4.6 100.0 

2003 9.7 40.6 29.1 16.1 4.5 100.0 

2004 10.6 40.8 29.5 15.6 3.4 100.0 

 

 



1.1.3 Sex or gender 

For a long period of time, females newly-hired for land-based overseas work outnumbered males. But two government surveys show another trend: males 

outnumbered females. 

Table 8: Total deployment of new-hire temporary 

contract workers by gender, 1992-2007 

Year Female Male Total 

1992 129,869 130,725 260,594 

1993 138,242 117,955 256,197 

1994 153,504 105,482 258,986 

1995 124,822 89,335 214,157 

1996 111,487 94,304 205,791 

1997 123,399 97,842 221,241 

1998 133,458 85,757 219,215 

1999 151,840 85,420 237,260 

2000 178,323 74,707 253,030 

2001 186,018 72,186 258,204 

2002 208,278 77,850 286,128 

2003 175,103 66,408 241,511 

2004 208,411 72,064 280,475 

2005 205,206 79,079 284,285 

2006 184,454 123,668 308,122 

2007 146,337 160,046 306,383 

 

Table 10: Overseas Filipino workers by sex (in 000s), 1995 to 2007 

Survey on Overseas Filipinos 

Year Both sexes Male Female 

2007 1,747 890 857 

2006 1,515 751 764 

2005 1,327 667 660 

2004 1,180 604 577 

2003 982 508 475 

2002 1,056 554 502 

2001 1,029 528 501 

2000 978 527 451 

1999 1,043 547 497 

1998 904 469 435 

1997 1,013 554 459 

1996 795 416 379 

1995 795 504 396 


 

Table 9: Deployed seafarers by gender, 2006 and 2007 

 

Sex 

Seafarers deployed 

2007 2006 Growth Rate 

Male 216,874 222,575 

Female 6,619 6,436 

Not Stated 3,407 1,011 

Total 226,900 230,022 

 

Table 11: Share of OFWs by sex (in %), from the Labor Force Survey, 

1988-2004 

Year 

Sex (in %) 

Male Female Total 

1988 59.1 40.9 100.0 

1989 61.5 38.5 100.0 

1990 65.3 34.7 100.0 

1991 62.8 37.2 100.0 

1992 62.1 37.9 100.0 

1993 61.9 38.1 100.0 

1994 58.2 41.8 100.0 

1995 55.5 44.5 100.0 

1996 58.5 41.5 100.0 

1997 58.3 41.7 100.0 

1998 55.1 44.9 100.0 

1999 55.2 44.8 100.0 

2000 55.0 45.0 100.0 

2001 54.7 45.3 100.0 

2002 52.6 47.4 100.0 

2003 52.1 47.9 100.0 

2004 51.2 48.8 100.0 

 

 

1.1.4 Civil status 

A sixth of overseas workers or temporary migrants is married. 

Table 12: Share of OFWs by civil status (in %), 1988-2004 


Year 

Marital status (in %) 

Single Married Others Total 

1988 36.8 61.6 1.6 100.0 

1989 35.1 63.2 1.7 100.0 

1990 29.7 68.1 2.2 100.0 

1991 33.7 63.6 2.7 100.0 

1992 35.4 60.5 4.1 100.0 

1993 33.3 64.2 2.5 100.0 

1994 38.5 58.0 3.5 100.0 

1995 40.9 55.9 3.2 100.0 

1996 37.8 59.2 3.0 100.0 

1997 33.9 62.9 3.3 100.0 

1998 37.3 58.6 4.1 100.0 

1999 36.6 59.6 3.8 100.0 

2000 35.2 60.8 3.9 100.0 

2001 37.1 58.5 4.4 100.0 

2002 35.5 59.3 5.2 100.0 

2003 30.3 64.8 4.8 100.0 

2004 32.9 62.5 4.6 100.0 

 

 



1.1.5 Spatial distribution - Philippines 

All administrative and survey data show that the National Capital Region, Southern Luzon, Central Luzon and Ilocos Region are the top origin regions of overseas workers. By province, the top origin provinces 

of overseas workers include those mostly in Luzon: Pangasinan, Bulacan, Cavite, Rizal, Laguna, Pampanga, Nueva Ecija, Batangas, Cebu and Davao del Sur. 

Table 13: Regional origins of deployed overseas workers (gender disaggregated and by type of overseas worker) 

 

2004-2005 

Region 

Year: 2004 Year: 2005 

Land-based Sea-based Total, both sexes Land-based Sea-based Total, both sexes 

M F T M F T M F T M F T M F T M F T 

Region 1 – Ilocos Norte 4,200 11,400 15,600 128 7 135 4,328 11,407 15,735 6,356 18,296 24,652 3666 41 3707 10,022 18,337 28,359 

Region 2 – Cagayan Valley 1,541 8,276 9,817 19 3 22 1,560 8,279 9,839 2,668 14,891 17,559 828 16 844 3,496 14,907 18,403 

Region 3 – Central Luzon 14,616 21,202 35,818 259 118 287 14,875 21,230 36,105 22,778 27,975 50,753 7,380 260 7,640 30,158 28,235 58,393 

Region 4 – Southern Luzon (Calabarzon and Mimaropa) 12,634 21,436 34,068 553 21 574 13,187 21,457 34,644 21,016 32,059 53,075 18,384 383 18,767 39,400 32,442 71,842 

Region 5 – Bicol 1,321 4,010 5,331 80 29 109 1,399 4,039 5,440 1,948 6,082 8,030 2217 86 2309 4,171 6,168 10,339 

Region 6 – Western Visayas 1,564 7,608 9,172 279 8 287 1,843 7,616 9,459 2,459 11,976 14,435 10,891 103 10,994 13,350 12,079 25,429 

Region 7 – Central Visayas 1,761 4,615 6,376 245 5 250 2,006 4,620 6,626 3,238 6,221 9,459 8,034 57 8,091 11,272 6,278 17,550 

Region 8 – Eastern Visayas 595 1,833 2,428 85 7 92 680 1,840 2,520 906 3,069 3,977 2,327 30 2,357 3,233 3,099 6,332 

Region 9 – Western Mindanao 585 3,949 4,174 29 2 31 614 3,951 4,565 806 6,666 7,472 1,219 12 1,231 2,025 6,678 8,703 

Region 10 – Northern Mindanao 1,489 4,317 5,806 57 2 59 1,546 4,319 5,865 2808 6,758 9,566 2,512 23 2,535 5,320 6,781 12,081 

Region 11 – Southern Mindanao 753 7,835 8,588 56 5 61 809 7,840 8,649 2,060 10,500 12,560 1933 36 1,969 3,993 10,536 14,529 

Region 12 – Central Mindanao 548 4,360 4,908 35 0 35 583 4,360 4,943 1,219 8,085 9,304 1,069 16 1,085 2,288 8,101 10,389 

Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao 1,091 9,423 10,514 4 1 5 1,095 9,424 10,519 1,670 19,350 21,020 223 3 226 1,893 19,353 21,246 

CARAGA 483 1,953 2,436 34 2 36 517 1,955 2,472 790 2,744 3,534 952 15 967 1,742 2,759 4,501 

Cordillera Autonomous Region 1,135 3,702 4,837 19 16 35 1,154 3,718 4,872 2,415 6,874 9,289 486 45 531 2,901 6,919 9,820 

National Capital Region 16,290 42,148 58,438 790 26 816 17,080 42,174 59,254 24,809 55,581 80,390 26,275 789 27,064 51,084 56,370 107,454 

 

2006-2007 

Region 

Year: 2006 Year: 2007 

Land-based Sea-based Total, both sexes Land-based Sea-based Total, both sexes 

M F T M F T M F T M F T M F T M F T 

Region 1 – Ilocos Norte 5,000 13,504 18,504 6,129 67 6,196 11,129 13,571 24,700 6,535 14,670 21,205 7,422 113 7,535 13,957 14,783 28,740 

Region 2 – Cagayan Valley 1,807 8,572 10,379 1,421 23 1,444 3,228 8,595 1,807 1,972 8,145 10,117 1,703 40 1,743 3,675 8,185 11,860 

Region 3 – Central Luzon 17,420 15,425 32,845 12,722 373 13,095 30,142 15,798 45,940 17,040 13,884 30,924 14,911 486 15,397 31,951 14,370 46,321 

Region 4 – Southern Luzon (Calabarzon and Mimaropa) 15,983 18,915 34,888 31,906 609 32,515 47,889 19,514 67,403 16,683 17,833 34,516 36,670 825 37,495 53,353 18,658 72,011 

Region 5 – Bicol 1,422 3,114 4,536 3,575 56 3,631 4,997 3,170 8,167 2,657 3,823 6,480 4,367 59 4,426 7,024 3,882 10,906 

Region 6 – Western Visayas 3,356 10,645 14,001 18,040 126 18,166 21,396 10,771 32,167 6,137 14,230 20,367 22,744 221 22,965 28,881 14,451 43,332 

Region 7 – Central Visayas 1,781 2,907 4,688 13,227 112 13,339 15,008 3,019 18,027 4,830 4,666 9,496 16,686 248 16,934 21,516 4,914 26,430 

Region 8 – Eastern Visayas 634 1,665 2,299 3,906 27 3,933 4,540 1,692 6,232 784 1.541 2,325 4,946 49 4,995 5,730 1,590 7,320 

Region 9 – Western Mindanao 623 2,218 2,841 2,006 19 2,025 2,629 2,237 4,866 1.644 4,249 5,893 2,615 34 2,649 4,259 4,283 8,542 

Region 10 – Northern Mindanao 2,557 3,618 6,175 3,696 38 4,083 6,602 3,656 10,258 2,797 3,585 6,382 5,112 60 5,172 7,909 3,645 11,554 

Region 11 – Southern Mindanao 1,905 4,131 6,036 3,191 73 3,264 5,096 4,204 9,300 2,411 4,317 6,728 4,223 127 4,350 6,534 4,444 11,078 

Region 12 – Central Mindanao 896 3,221 4,117 1,782 25 1,807 2,678 3,246 5,924 1,143 3,554 4,697 2,433 29 2,462 3,576 3,583 7,159 

Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao 925 4,431 5,356 410 9 419 1,335 4,440 5,775 1,284 4,775 6,059 451 7 458 1,735 4,782 6,517 

CARAGA 691 1144 1835 1660 18 1678 2,351 1162 3,513 984 1,352 2,336 1,962 22 1,984 2,946 1,374 4,320 

Cordillera Autonomous Region 2,432 5,951 8,382 888 33 921 3,320 5,984 9,304 2,764 5,633 8,397 2,948 49 2,997 5,712 5,682 11,394 

National Capital Region 14,532 20,645 35,177 43,812 1,171 44,983 58,344 21,816 80,160 11,581 14,861 26,442 48,936 1,538 50,474 60,517 16,399 76,916 

 



Table 14: Regional origins of deployed overseas workers, 1998-2002 (totals, not gender disaggregated) 

 

 

years 2004 to 2007 

Region Province 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 

Region 1 – Ilocos Norte 14,876 31,699 33,033 16,335 13,064 

Ilocos Norte 1,949 3,790 4,058 2,226 1,713 

Ilocos Sur 2,525 5,283 5,432 2,431 1,996 

La Union 2,177 5,233 5,627 2,764 2,176 

Pangasinan 8,225 17,393 17,916 8,914 7,179 

Region 2 – Cagayan Valley 8,148 18,627 20,328 9,947 8,117 

Batanes 5 12 10 7 6 

Cagayan 2,511 5,889 5,808 2,974 2,504 

Isabela 3,701 8,594 9,929 4,823 3,843 

Nueva Vizcaya 1,532 3,212 3,454 1,675 1,336 

Quirino 399 920 1,127 468 428 

Region 3 – Central Luzon 31,649 70,526 71,327 38,864 32,855 

Aurora 151 456 450 235 181 

Bataan 2,708 6,629 4,977 3,218 2,503 

Bulacan 8,640 20,478 21,336 11,728 10,194 

Nueva Ecija 5,345 12,281 13,288 7,435 6,598 

Pampanga 8,999 18,580 18,395 9,564 8,056 

Tarlac 3,714 7,798 8,483 4,218 3,373 

Zambales 2,092 4,304 4,398 2,466 1,950 

Region 4 – Southern Luzon 

(Calabarzon and Mimaropa) 

34,563 79,257 80,098 41,494 36,503 

Batangas 7,950 17,991 16,479 7,249 6,929 

Cavite 8,117 18,660 18,885 10,246 9,299 

Laguna 7,025 16,033 17,268 9,221 7,904 

Marinduque 165 364 332 223 152 

Mindoro Occidental 204 423 398 244 198 

Mindoro Oriental 921 1,893 2,275 1,102 901 

Palawan 150 320 362 286 281 

Quezon 2,562 5,905 6,174 3,282 2,908 

Rizal 7,393 17,502 17,745 9,527 7,836 

Romblon 76 166 180 114 95 

Region 5 – Bicol 3,621 8,858 10,313 6,084 5,259 

Albay 887 2,066 2,412 1,403 1,286 

Camarines Norte 492 1,325 1,549 887 740 

Camarines Sur 1,671 4,031 4,738 2,808 2,374 

Catanduanes 170 350 412 262 216 

Masbate 103 282 326 215 149 

Sorsogon 298 804 876 509 494 

Region 6 – Western Visayas 6,702 16,387 18,657 10,411 8,432 

Aklan 228 845 802 509 429 

Antique 336 696 914 504 411 

Capiz 641 1,593 1,830 1,116 877 

Guimaras 119 302 302 147 96 

Iloilo 3,032 6,888 7,043 3,811 3,307 

Negros Occidental 2,346 6,063 7,766 4,324 3,312 

Region 7 – Central Visayas 5,411 13,232 12,490 7,364 7,455 

Bohol 651 1,736 1,910 1,124 1,120 

Cebu 4,225 9,971 8,824 5,262 5,448 

Negros Oriental 498 1,441 1,656 898 792 

Siquijor 37 84 100 80 95 

Region Province 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 

Region 8 – Eastern Visayas 1,154 2,764 3,330 2,018 1,888 

Biliran 33 95 82 60 62 

Eastern Samar 128 254 272 155 161 

Leyte 662 1,517 1,922 1,196 1,093 

Northern Samar 75 188 244 142 147 

Southern Leyte 154 410 474 267 232 

Western Samar 102 300 336 198 193 

Region 9 – Western Mindanao 1,548 4,429 6,378 4,062 3,280 

Zamboanga del Norte 286 944 1,109 758 689 

Zamboanga del Sur 1,262 3,485 5,269 3,304 2,591 

Zamboanga Sibugay n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. 

Region 10 – Northern Mindanao 2,348 6,113 6,514 4,693 4,414 

Bukidnon 340 610 931 664 551 

Camiguin 39 106 142 110 85 

Lanao del Norte 657 2,029 1,686 1,183 1,145 

Misamis Occidental 270 752 990 642 619 

Misamis Oriental 1,042 2,616 2,765 2,094 2,014 

Region 11 – Southern Mindanao 4,450 13,154 17,283 11,628 9,409 

Davao del Norte 970 2,795 3,848 2,664 2,303 

Davao del Sur 3,217 9,681 12,476 8,389 6,561 

Davao Oriental 263 678 959 575 545 

Compostela Valley n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. n.d. 

Region 12 – Central Mindanao 1,636 5,031 6,207 3,759 3,130 

North Cotabato 531 1,620 1,859 1,224 989 

Sarangani 105 400 446 235 141 

South Cotabato 752 2,361 2,870 1,800 1,721 

Sultan Kudarat 248 650 1,032 500 279 

Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao 2,151 6,556 8,661 5,805 6,388 

Basilan 217 912 1,314 812 910 

Lanao del Sur 372 826 796 619 487 

Maguindanao 1,404 3,980 5,567 3,777 4,313 

Sulu 136 782 908 533 617 

Tawi-Tawi 22 56 76 64 61 

CARAGA 1,074 2,862 3,047 2,245 2,127 

Agusan del Norte 486 1,282 1,407 1,070 992 

Agusan del Sur 131 336 442 354 347 

Surigao del Norte 216 560 542 401 370 

Surigao del Sur 241 684 656 420 418 

Cordillera Autonomous Region 4,490 9,945 9,830 4,525 3,658 

Abra 621 1,340 1,479 617 554 

Benguet 2,874 6,316 6,215 2,827 2,175 

Ifugao 349 776 678 338 250 

Kalinga-Apayao * 362 924 940 498 470 

Mountain Province 284 589 518 245 209 

National Capital Region 74,504 167,405 171,662 90,122 71,063 

Caloocan City 6,870 15,578 15,824 8,807 7,561 

Las Pinas City 2,962 6,570 7,151 3,881 3,145 

Makati City 4,635 10,167 9,907 5,164 4,017 

Malabon 1,877 4,363 4,581 2,395 1,767 

Mandaluyong City 2,240 4,856 4,884 2,510 1,927 

Manila 16,689 37,339 37,593 19,911 15,383 

Marikina City 2,661 5,766 5,946 3,054 2,519 

Muntinlupa City 1,913 4,156 4,038 2,015 1,728 

Navotas 1,092 2,377 2,552 1,391 1,065 

Paranaque City 3,196 7,194 7,544 3,990 3,098 

Pasay City 3,767 8,017 7,976 4,101 3,087 

Pasig City 3,710 8,090 7,855 4,133 3,375 

Pateros 263 512 748 280 172 

Quezon City 15,751 35,248 37,072 18,881 14,390 

San Juan City 598 1,323 1,399 539 165 

Taguig City 3,624 10,026 10,697 5,898 5,096 

Valenzuela City 2,656 5,823 5,895 3,172 2,568 

* Kalinga-Apayao was then one big province 

 

 

 



CHAPTER 2 

The countries of 

destination of Filipinos 

43

UNITED NATIONS (UN) MEMBER COUNTRIES 

Afghanistan 

I. COUNTRY PROFILE II. DEVELOPMENT INDICATORS 

South Asia 

Low income 

Population (millions) .. 

Surface area (1,000 sq. km.) 652 

 

Labor force (millions, 2006) .. 

 

III. INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND REMITTANCES 

International Migration 

 

• Stock of emigrants: 2,031,678 

• 

• Top 10 destination countries: the Islamic Republic of Iran, Germany, 

the United States, the Netherlands, Canada, the United Kingdom, Saudi 

Arabia, Turkey, India 

Skilled emigration, 2000 

• 

• 

country 

 

• Stock of immigrants: 43,165 

• 

• 

• 

Remittances 

Remittance data are currently not available for this country. 

People 

1990 2000 2005 

Life expectancy at birth (years) 45 46 47 

Fertility rate (births per woman) 8.0 7.7 7.2 

Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births) 168 165 165 

Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000) 260 257 257 

.. 12 14 

.. 41 39 

20 35 64 

.. .. 0.1 

.. .. 32 

25 19 87 

14 11 16 

.. .. 1 

.. 44 55 

.. .. 28 

Environment 

Forests (1,000 sq. km.) 13 10 9 

2.3 

.. 42 .. 

Carbon dioxide emissions (metric tons per capita) 0.2 .. .. 

4 .. 39 

7 .. 49 

Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) .. .. .. 

Electricity use per capita (kilowatt-hours) .. .. .. 

Economy 

.. 2,462 7,308 

.. .. 14.0 

.. .. 11.9 

.. 50 36 

.. 20 24 

30 39 

.. 33 12 

.. 66 56 

.. 28 25 

.. .. 6.2 

.. .. 0.9 

States and markets 

Starting a business (days) .. 8 

.. .. .. 

.. .. .. 

Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) 2 1 44 

Internet users (per 1,000 people) 0 0 1 

13 13 24 

.. .. .. 

Global links 

.. 44.7 51.4 

Net barter terms of trade (2000=100) .. .. .. 

.. .. .. 

.. .. .. 

.. 

.. .. .. 

122 136 2,775 

IV. FILIPINOS IN THIS COUNTRY 

Filipinos in this destination country (n) 

Type of migrant 

2007 stock estimates (RP gov’t) 

Temporary migrants 3,500 

Permanent migrants - 

Undocumented migrants 395 

Remittances received from this destination country (US$ thousands) 

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 

Total remittances 1 0 0 0 0 39 81 152 

* Land-based 1 0 0 0 0 39 81 152 

* Sea-based 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Chapter 2: The countries of destination of Filipinos 


Albania 


Europe and Central Asia 


Lower middle income 

Population (millions) 3 

Surface area (1,000 sq. km.) 29 

 

Labor force (millions, 2006) 1.4 

 


 

• Stock of emigrants: 860,485 

• 

• Top 10 destination countries: Greece, Italy, FYR Macedonia, the United 

States, Germany, Canada, Turkey, France, the United Kingdom, Austria 


• 

• 

 


• 

Remittances 

• 

• 

• Top source countries: Greece, FYR Macedonia, the Czech Republic, Serbia 

and Montenegro, Israel, Italy, Russia 

People 

1990 2000 2005 





.. 99 .. 

.. 14 .. 

88 95 97 

.. .. .. 

102 97 

100 109 106 

78 73 78 

7 16 19 

96 97 99 

77 .. 99 

Environment 

Forests (1,000 sq. km.) 8 8 8 

0.0 

.. 6 .. 

Carbon dioxide emissions (metric tons per capita) 2.2 0.7 1.0 

96 .. 96 

99 .. 99 

Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 809 550 760 

Electricity use per capita (kilowatt-hours) 522 1,198 1,200 

Economy 

2,102 3,687 8,380 

-9.6 7.3 5.5 

-0.5 4.3 3.5 

36 29 23 

48 19 22 

16 52 56 

15 18 22 

23 37 46 

29 27 24 

.. 23.4 23.6 

.. -6.7 -3.0 



.. .. .. 

5.9 1.2 1.4 

Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) .12 60 493 


.. 39 .. 

.. 1 1 

Global links 

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 

Inward remittance flows 589 699 734 889 1,160 1,290 1,360 a 1,481 

of which 

* Workers’ remittances 531 615 643 778 1,028 1,161 1,176 

* Compensation of employees 67 84 90 111 132 129 184 

* Migrants’ transfers .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 

Outward remittance flows .. .. .. 4 5 7 27 b .. 

of which 

* Workers’ remittances .. .. .. 0 0 .. 0 

* Compensation of employees .. .. .. 4 5 7 27 

* Migrants’ transfers .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 

 

 

29.0 36.6 39.0 

Net barter terms of trade (2000=100) .. .. .. 

20 143 262 

425 37 288 

1,386 

4.3 2.0 2.5 

11 317 319 

.. 

.. 

.. 

.. 

.. 





Temporary migrants 10 




2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 



* Sea-based 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 



Algeria 


Middle East & North Africa 


Lower middle income 

Population (millions) 33 

Surface area (1,000 sq. km.) 2,382 

 

Labor force (millions, 2006) 14 

 


 

• Stock of emigrants: 1,783,476 

• 

• Top 10 destination countries: France, Spain, Israel, Italy, Germany, Canada, 

Tunisia, the United States, the United Kingdom, Belgium 


• 

• Emigration of physicians: 

 

) 

 

) 

• 

 


• 

• 

• 

Remittances 

People 

1990 2000 2005 





77 92 .. 

9 6 .. 

83 80 83 

.. .. 0.1 

81 83 96 

96 108 112 

60 75 83 

11 16 20 

.. 94 102 

53 .. 70 

Environment 

Forests (1,000 sq. km.) 18 21 23 

-1.8 

.. 54 .. 

Carbon dioxide emissions (metric tons per capita) 3.0 5.4 5.1 

94 .. 85 

99 .. 99 

Energy use per capita (kg oil equivalent) 943 960 1,017 

Electricity use per capita (kilowatt-hours) 541 696 812 

Economy 

62 55 102 

0.8 2.2 5.3 

30.3 24.6 16.1 

11 9 8 

48 59 61 

40 33 30 

23 41 48 

25 21 23 

29 25 30 

.. 38.3 .. 

.. 9.7 .. 



.. .. .. 

1.5 3.4 2.8 

Fixed line and mobile subscribers (per 1,000 people) 32 61 494 


67 69 70 

1 4 1 

Global links 

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 

Inward remittance flows 790 670 1,070 1,750 2,460 1,950 2,527 a 2,906 

of which 

* Workers’ remittances .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 

* Compensation of employees .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 

* Migrants’ transfer .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 

Outward remittance flows .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 

of which 

* Workers’ remittances .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 

* Compensation of employees .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 

* Migrants’ transfer .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 

 

36.6 56.9 64.9 

Net barter terms of trade (2000=100) 74 100 126 

0 438 1,081 

791 222 516 

17 

63.4 .. .. 

132 201 371 

.. 

.. 

.. 

.. 

.. 

.. 







Undocumented migrants 1,000 


2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 



* Sea-based 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 



Nauru 

East Asia and the Pacific 

FILIPINOS IN THIS COUNTRY 








2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 



* Sea-based 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 



NON-UN COUNTRIES 

Azores 



Data are currently not available 


2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 



* Sea-based 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Bonaire 

Latin America and the Caribbean 






Undocumented migrants - 


Remittance data are currently not available 

British Arab States 




2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 



* Sea-based 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

British West Indies 





2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 



* Sea-based 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Canary Islands 





2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 



* Sea-based 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 

Cook Islands 

East Asia and the Pacific 




Temporary migrants - 

Permanent migrants 80 

Undocumented migrants - 


2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 



* Sea-based 0 0 1 0 0 1 146 25 



Vatican 






Permanent migrants 5 



See remittance data of Italy 

West Indies 









Remittance data are currently not available 



CHAPTER 3 

The provinces of origin 

of overseas Filipinos 

258

Ilocos Norte Region: 1-Ilocos; Island Grouping: Luzon 

I. PROVINCIAL INDICATORS OF POVERTY 

Income Poverty 2000 2003 2006 

Annual per capita threshold (in pesos) 13,143 12,893 16,024 

18.2 19.6 17.1 

Magnitude of poor families 19,466 21,694 20,362 

Employment 2001 2002 2003 

Open Unemployment 4.9 7.9 6.7 

Open Underemployment 23.2 29.5 22.0 

Open Employment 71.9 63.6 72.3 

Housing 

80.2 

34.8 

56.8 

100.0 

91.2 

Health and Nutrition 

4.8 

19.6 

69.2 

Education 

Elementary net enrolment ratio 2003-2004, 6-11 years old 82.0 

Secondary net enrolment ratio 2003-2004, 6-11 years old 53.0 

Simple dropout rate, SY 2003-2004, 12-15 years old 3.1 

Children ages 12-15 not enrolled in SY 2003-2004 

Governance 

Provincial government total income, CY 2004 (in pesos) 418,756,304 

* Local sources of income (tax and non-tax revenue) 61,612,144 

* Shares from national tax collections 357,082,974 

* Extra-ordinary receipts/aids 61,186 

* Loans and borrowings 0 

* Inter-local transfers 0 

Provincial government total expenses, CY 2004 (in pesos) 473,703,727 

* General public services 142,799,044 

* Education. Culture and Sports / Manpower Development 12,775,537 

* Health, Nutrition and Population Control 101,159,928 

* Labor and Employment 0 

* Housing and Community Development 0 

* Social Security / Social Services and Welfare 1,919,023 

* Economic Services 42,531,673 

* Debt Service 0 

* Other Purposes 172,518,522 

Provincial government income per capita, 2004 (in pesos) 771.0 

Demography 

Total Population, 2000 514,241 

Number of households, 2000 106,939 

Average household size, 2000 4.80 

Population density, 2000 151 

Poverty density (per person per sq. km.), 2003 36 

ii. Overseas migration indicators per province 

Overseas migrants 2004 2005 2006 2007 

Temporary contract workers (per year 

totals, 2004-2007) 

1,752 3,338 3,021 3,344 

- Total, male 416 1,120 1,308 1,442 

- Total, female 1,336 2,218 1,713 1,902 

* Total land-based workers 1,739 2,883 2,221 2,413 

- Male 404 674 513 524 

- Female 1,335 2,209 1,708 1,889 

* Total sea-based contract workers 13 455 800 931 

- Male 12 446 795 918 

- Female 1 9 5 13 

Permanent residents and emigrants 

(1988-2007 total) 

36,208 

- Total, male 16,803 

- Total, female 19,405 

* Filipino spouses and other partners of 

foreign nationals (1989-2007) 

Estimated remittances 

to the province 

3,694 

2000 2003 2006 

Total 2,821,523,596 3,163,548,686 4,618,781,082 

Total number of families by main source of income and income class, 2000 

Main source of income 

and area 

Total no. of 

families 

Under- 

20,000 

20,000- 

29,999 

30,000- 

39,999 

40,000- 

49,999 

Income class 

50,000- 

59,999 

60,000- 

79,999 

80,000- 

99,999 

100,000- 

249,999 

250,000 and 

above 

Ilocos Norte 107,045 842 1,584 4,497 6,660 8,672 14,317 15,694 40,159 14,620 

Wages and salaries 32,209 - 1,056 910 930 2,529 6,352 1,897 13,007 5,529 

* Agricultural 6,239 - 528 314 - 1,618 1,668 1,056 1,056 - 

* Non-agricultural 25,970 - 528 597 930 910 4,684 842 11,951 5,529 

Entrepreneurial activities 35,176 - 528 1,063 4,078 4,460 5,065 8,684 10,402 897 

* Agricultural 24,166 - 528 535 3,550 2,494 3,481 7,466 5,820 292 

* Non-agricultural 11,011 - - 528 528 1,966 1,584 1,218 4,582 605 

Other sources of income 39,659 842 - 2,252 1,653 1,683 2,901 5,113 16,750 8,194 

* Cash receipts, gifts and 

other forms of assistance 

23,142 - - - 1,125 1,155 1,056 4,057 11,401 4,348 

from abroad 1 

1 

- This income source is one of 11 sources of income under “Other sources of income” 

Overseas Filipino Tourists in province 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 

Total tourists 170,510 179,310 171,968 183,000 166,806 177,095 184,339 

* Overseas Filipino tourists 23 38 89 2 0 0 0 

Overseas Filipino donations to the government’s Link to Philippine Development (LinKaPil) diaspora philanthropy program 

Calamity / Relief 

Assistance 

Education / Scholarship 

Health- Related / Medical 

Mission 

Livelihood Infrastructure Total donations 

1990-2007 total 0 2,228,282.80 10,457,398.00 30,000.00 97,084.00 12,812,764.80 

Chapter 3: The provinces of origin of Overseas Filipinos 


Occidental Mindoro Region: 4B-MIMAROPA; Island Grouping: Luzon 

I. Provincial indicators of poverty 

Income Poverty 2000 2003 2006 

Annual per capita threshold (in pesos) 11, 745 12, 522 14,219 

38.1 40.9 46.5 

Magnitude of poor families 28, 248 34, 557 42,660 

Employment 2001 2002 2003 

Open Unemployment 7.3 10.7 10.6 

Open Underemployment 23.2 20.1 23.1 

Open Employment 69.5 60.2 66.3 

Housing 

22.3 

21.3 

85.2 

94.7 

54.5 

Health and Nutrition 

4.6 

13.2 

120.7 

Education 

Elementary net enrolment ratio 2003-2004, 6-11 years old 86.0 

Secondary net enrolment ratio 2003-2004, 6-11 years old 46.0 

Simple dropout rate, SY 2003-2004, 12-15 years old 7.2 

Children ages 12-15 not enrolled in SY 2003-2004 20, 967 

Governance 

Provincial government total income, CY 2004 (in pesos) 404,275,902 

* Local sources of income (tax and non-tax revenue) 43,924,822 

* Shares from national tax collections 360,351,080 

* Extra-ordinary receipts/aids 0 

* Loans and borrowings 0 

* Inter-local transfers 0 

Provincial government total expenses, CY 2004 (in pesos) 362,028,599 

* General public services 142, 724, 716 

* Education. Culture and Sports / Manpower Development 7, 535, 711 

* Health, Nutrition and Population Control 88, 866, 755 

* Labor and Employment 0 

* Housing and Community Development 11, 693, 039 

* Social Security / Social Services and Welfare 4, 259, 417 

* Economic Services 51, 553, 939 

* Debt Service 0 

* Other Purposes 55, 395, 022 

Provincial government income per capita, 2004 (in pesos) 924 

Demography 

Total Population, 2000 380, 250 

Number of households, 2000 76, 840 

Average household size, 2000 4.93 

Population density, 2000 65 

Poverty density (per person per sq. km.), 2003 35 

II. Overseas migration indicators per province 


Temporary contract workers (per year 

totals, 2004-2007) 

255 592 514 478 

- Total, male 63 208 320 313 

- Total, female 192 384 194 165 

* Total land-based workers 252 483 278 224 

- Male 61 99 85 60 

- Female 191 384 193 164 

* Total sea-based contract workers 3 109 236 254 

- Male 2 109 235 253 

- Female 1 0 1 1 

Permanent residents and emigrants (1988- 

2007 total) 

855 

- Total, male 346 

- Total, female 509 

* Filipino spouses and other partners of 

foreign nationals (1989-2007) 



147 

2000 2003 2006 

Total 278,929,890 416,659,891 581,657,208 




Total no. of 

families 

Under- 

20,000 

20,000- 

29,999 

30,000- 

39,999 

40,000- 

49,999 

Income class 

50,000- 

59,999 

60,000- 

79,999 

80,000- 

99,999 

100,000- 

249,999 


above 

Occidental Mindoro 74,167 2,067 3,015 5,541 8,769 12,381 13,844 8,762 16,004 3,745 

Wages and salaries 24,283 677 684 2,298 2,793 3,636 3,943 2,085 6,043 2,125 

* Agricultural 8,344 - 684 1,626 710 1,333 2,192 1,387 413 - 

* Non-agricultural 15,939 677 - 673 2,083 2,303 1,751 699 5,629 2,125 

Entrepreneurial activities 38,478 902 664 2,803 4,146 7,419 7,841 5,360 8,191 1,153 

* Agricultural 30,600 902 457 2,548 3,404 5,702 6,507 4,212 6,868 - 

* Non-agricultural 7,879 - 207 255 742 1,716 1,334 1,148 1,323 1,153 

Other sources of income 11,405 488 1,667 440 1,830 1,327 2,061 1,316 1,811 466 



1,835 - - 233 - 211 714 211 233 233 

from abroad 1 

1 


Overseas Filipino tourists in province 1 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 

Total tourists 253 - 0 1,115 2,365 - 4,728 

* Overseas Filipinos 3 - 0 7 2 - - 



Assistance 



Mission 


1990-2007 total - 120,885.75 4,826,549.50 - 400,000.00 5,347,435.25 



Metro ManilaRegion: 

National Capital Region; Island Grouping: Luzon 


Temporary contract workers (per year totals, 2004-2007) 59,254 107,454 80,160 76,916 

- Total, male 17,080 51,084 58,344 60,517 

- Total, female 42,174 56,370 21,816 16,399 

* Total land-based workers 816 80,390 35,177 26,442 

- Male 790 24,809 14,532 11,581 

- Female 26 55,581 20,645 14,861 

* Total sea-based contract workers 58,438 27,064 44,983 50,474 

- Male 16,290 26,275 43,812 48,936 

- Female 42,148 789 1,171 1,538 

Permanent residents and emigrants (1988-2007 total) 114,428 



2000 2003 2006 

Total 59,407,307,595 57,586,473,617 73,595,513,283 




Total no. of 

families 

Under- 

20,000 

20,000- 

29,999 

30,000- 

39,999 

40,000- 

49,999 

Income class 

50,000- 

59,999 

60,000- 

79,999 

80,000- 

99,999 

100,000-249,999 


above 

Metro Manila 1 2,188,675 1,167 2,108 5,831 13,996 24,360 93,551 170,395 1,089,952 787,314 

Wages and salaries 1,362,904 - 526 1,271 4,957 15,348 53,415 119,901 728,266 439,220 

* Agricultural 7,410 - - - 423 2,338 1,222 1,034 2,394 - 

* Non-agricultural 1,355,495 - 526 1,271 4,534 13,010 52,193 118,867 725,873 439,220 

Entrepreneurial activities 357,491 - 861 1,607 4,039 4,405 18,589 27,936 175,063 124,992 

* Agricultural 3,808 - - - - 305 - 611 1,996 895 

* Non-agricultural 353,684 - 861 1,607 4,039 4,099 18,589 27,325 173,066 124,097 

Other sources of income 468,279 1,167 720 2,954 5,000 4,608 21,548 22,558 186,623 223,102 



220,699 215 - 649 - - 1,634 6,729 87,529 123,947 

from abroad 2 

1 - 

Including Manila, Quezon City, Mandaluyong City, San Juan City, Marikina City, Pasig City, Caloocan City, Malabon, Navotas, Valenzuela City, Makati City, Las Pinas City, Muntinlupa City, Paranaque City, Pasay City, 

Pateros and City of Taguig 

2 




Assistance 



Mission 


1990-2007 total 16,291,214.74 116,180,797.79 367,521,449.62 750,000.00 2,909,010.70 503,652,472.85 


338 

The Philippine Migration and Development Statistical Almanac

The Philippine Migration 

and Development Statistical Almanac 

Collaborating institutions (core group) 


(Management Information Systems Division 

and the Policy, Planning and Research Division) 


(Policy and Planning Division) 

Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas 

(Department of Economic Research) 

University of Santo Tomas - Social Research Center 

Institute for Migration and Development Issues 

Golda Myra Roma 

Romeo Rosas 

Frencel Louie Tingga 

Carlos Canaberal 

Evaros Evangelista 

Iluminada Sicat 

Hecelyn Rebustes 

Dr. Alvin Ang 

Bituin Aquino 

Nathaniel Melican 

Kathleen Claire Montana 

Jeremaiah Opiniano 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Edilen Tomas (AB Communication Arts) 

 

Partner organizations 

Peace and Equity Foundation 

Philippine Migrants’ Rights Watch 

Feed the Hungry – Philippines (based in the US) 

Save-a-Tahanan, Inc. (based in the US) 

Economic Resource Center for Overseas Filipinos 

Acknowledgments 

Data sources 



National Statistics Office 

Bureau of Labor and Employment Statistics 


Department of Tourism 

Peace and Equity Foundation 

The World Bank – Migration and Remittances Group 

The World Bank – Development Data Group 

339

The Institute for Migration 

and Development Issues (IMDI) 

The nonprofit Institute for Migration and Development Issues (IMDI), formed in 2004, does policy research, advocacy and networking, databanking, 

and development journalism activities on Filipinos’ international migration and its development consequences to the Philippines. 

Atty. Ildefonso Bagasao 

Chair 

Ms. Emma Lim-Sandrino 

Treasurer 

Dr. Filomeno Aguilar, Jr. 

Prof. Marishelle Medina-Cabuag 

Mr. Dennis Estopace 

Prof. Wilma Tejero 

Dr. Rene Vargas 

Board of Directors and Members 

Jeremaiah Opiniano 

Executive Director 

Luzviminda Monge

Philippine Migration and Development Statistical Almanac (Preview)

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