A field guide to mesozoic birds and other winged dinosaurs

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Microraptorians Microraptorians were the smallest and among the most primitive ornithodesmids, most retaining many features in common with archaeopterygids and early troodontids. The earliest members of this group were large compared to other primitive birds, though later members independently re-acquired small sizes comparable to archaeopterygids. None were as large as the moderately sized members of the other ornithodesmid groups. Microraptorians appear to have been more predatory than most other early birds, beginning a trend that would reach its apogee in the large eudromaeosaurians. Most had long, narrow snouts with recurved and partially serrated teeth. The claw borne on digit II was larger than in archaeopterygids and many troodontids of the same size, though it was still relatively broad compared to eudromaeosaurians and may have been primarily a climbing tool. There is evidence that even the smallest species, such as Microraptor zhaoianus, occasionally took prey that approached or exceeded their own body size. Suggestions that some microraptorians were venomous, and that they had long, protruding, fang-like teeth, are incorrect, and were based on misinterpretation of teeth that had come out of their sockets during fossilization. 78
Above: Relationships of microraptorians over time. Phylogeny approximated based on Senter et al. 2012. 79
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A Field Guide to Mesozoic Birds and
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To my wife Rashida, For always bugg
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Enantiornithiformes................
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Introduction
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up of remains from various reptiles
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enough information about their plum
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Bird Origins & Evolution
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fur-like filaments called pycnofibr
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This same group (Chuniaoae) is wher
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20
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erately long rachides with long bar
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istles, the opposite of filoplumes,
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ers are anchored to a single plough
Page 28 and 29: using their wings to passively exte
Page 30 and 31: modern downstroke where the arm mov
Page 32 and 33: While Mesozoic birds and other anci
Page 34 and 35: Feathers & Wings Feathers are class
Page 36 and 37: longest digit is called the major d
Page 38 and 39: which aids in aerial maneuverabilit
Page 40 and 41: Hesperornis, the premaxillary nail
Page 42 and 43: carnivorous. However, many deinonyc
Page 44 and 45: Feather Color Recent work by Jakob
Page 46 and 47: Above: Hypothetical restoration of
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Page 51 and 52: Guide to Mesozoic Birds
Page 53 and 54: like in life based on fossil and ot
Page 55 and 56: Above: Relationships of basal caena
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Page 63 and 64: Above: Relationships of caenagnatho
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Page 75 and 76: very unusual looking birds.” Even
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Page 85 and 86: Above: Relationships of eudromaeosa
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Page 89 and 90: juv. adult 89
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Page 93 and 94: Above: Relationships of unenlagiine
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Page 99 and 100: Above: Relationships of troodontids
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Page 109 and 110: Above: Relationships of avialans ov
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Page 127 and 128: Above: Relationships of eoenantiorn
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Above: Relationships of cathayornit
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Above: Relationships of euornithean
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Above: Relationships of carinatans
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million years in the Cenozoic. Not
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Above: Relationships of hesperornit
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• “Euronychodon” portucalensi
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• Palintropus retusus - a possibl
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Oviraptor ~ Caenagnathus Oviraptori
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Ornithothoraces Chiappe & Calvo 199
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Hesperornithidae Marsh 1872 [Clarke
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Subfamily Oviraptorinae Osborn 1924
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Glossary • Alula: Vaned, pennaceo
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References Benton, M.J. (2004). Ver
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nonychus antirrhopus (Saurischia, T
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Matthew P. Martyniuk is an illustra
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A field guide to mesozoic birds and other winged dinosaurs

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