A field guide to mesozoic birds and other winged dinosaurs

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• Quill: See rachis • Rachis (pl. rachides): Central shaft or “quill” of a feather • Radius: Leading-edge bone of the forearm/wing • Rectrical bulb: Muscles attached to the pygostyle which control the folding of the rectrices • Rectrix (pl. rectrices): Main vaned, pennaceous feathers of the tail • Remix (pl. remiges): Main vaned, pennaceous feathers of the wing (anchored to the ulna) • Ribbon-tail: Rectrices arranged in pairs at the tip of a short tail with fused vertebrae, usually with vanes restricted to the tips • Scapular: Long, vaned feathers attached to the shoulder which paritally cover the wing when folded • Tarsus: Lowest portion of the leg, formed from the metatarsal and tarsal bones • Tertial: Feathers partially filling in the gap between the remiges of the wing and the contour feathers of the body (anchored to the humerus) • Ulna: Trailing bone in the forelimb/wing, to which secondary feather ligaments attach; usually bowed in flying species • Vaned (or closed-vaned) feather: Pennaceous feathers with barbs held together by barbules and hooklets 184
References Benton, M.J. (2004). Vertebrate Paleontology, 3rd Edition. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing. the Late Creta- Buhler, P., Matin, L.D. and Witmer, L.M. (1988). “Cranial kinesis in ceous birds Hesperornis and Parahesperornis.” The Auk, 105: 111-122. Cambra-Moo, O, Buscalioni, A.D., Cubo, J., Castanet, J., Loth, M.-M., deMargerie, E., and de Ricqlès, A. (2006). “Histological observations of Enantiornithine bone (Saurischia, Aves) from the Lower Cretaceous of Las Hoyas (Spain).” Comptes Rendus Palevol, 5(5): 685-691. Cau, A. (2011). “L’enigmatico (o forse, no) Mystiornis.” Theropoda (Weblog entry), 20- May-2011. Accessed online 28-Feb-2012 at Cau, A. (2012). “Schizooura!” Theropoda (Weblog entry), 12-Feb-2012. Accessed online 2-May-2012 at http://theropoda.blogspot.com/2012/02/schizooura.html Cau, A. and Arduini, P. (2008). “Enantiophoenix electrophyla gen. et. sp. nov. (Aves, Enantiornithes) from the Upper Cretaceus (Cenomanian) of Lebanon and its phylogenetic relationships.” Atti della Societa Italiana di Scienze Naturali e del Museo ivico di Storia Naturale in Milano, 149(2): 293-324. Chiappe, L.M. (1993). “Enantiornithine (Aves) tarsometatarsi from the Cretaceous Lecho Formation of Northwestern Argentina.” American Museum Novitates, 3083: 1–27. Close, R.A. and Rayfield, E.J. (2012). “Functional Morphometric Analysis of the Furcula in Mesozoic Birds.” PLoS ONE 7(5): e36664. Dyke, G., Vremir, M., Kaiser, G., and Naish, D. (2012). “A drowned Mesozoic bird breeding colony. from the Late Cretaceous of Transylvania” Naturwissenschaften, 99(6): 435- 442. Gao C., Morschhauser, E.M., Verricchio, D.J., Liu J. and Zhao B. (2012). “A second Soundly Sleeping Dragon: New anatomical details of the Chinese troodontid Mei long with implications for phylogeny and taphonomy.” PLoS ONE 7(9): e45203. Habib, M., Hall, J., Hone, D. and Chiappe, L. (2012). “Aerodynamics of the tail in 185
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A Field Guide to Mesozoic Birds and
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To my wife Rashida, For always bugg
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Enantiornithiformes................
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Introduction
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up of remains from various reptiles
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enough information about their plum
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Bird Origins & Evolution
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fur-like filaments called pycnofibr
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This same group (Chuniaoae) is wher
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20
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erately long rachides with long bar
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istles, the opposite of filoplumes,
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ers are anchored to a single plough
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using their wings to passively exte
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modern downstroke where the arm mov
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While Mesozoic birds and other anci
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Feathers & Wings Feathers are class
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longest digit is called the major d
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which aids in aerial maneuverabilit
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Hesperornis, the premaxillary nail
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carnivorous. However, many deinonyc
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Feather Color Recent work by Jakob
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Above: Hypothetical restoration of
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48
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Guide to Mesozoic Birds
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like in life based on fossil and ot
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Above: Relationships of basal caena
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Above: Relationships of caenagnatho
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very unusual looking birds.” Even
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Above: Relationships of microraptor
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Above: Relationships of eudromaeosa
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juv. adult 89
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Above: Relationships of unenlagiine
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Above: Relationships of troodontids
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Above: Relationships of avialans ov
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adult male adult female imm. male f
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For that reason only well-known spe
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Above: Relationships of eoenantiorn
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Page 155 and 156: Above: Relationships of carinatans
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Page 161 and 162: million years in the Cenozoic. Not
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Page 165 and 166: Above: Relationships of hesperornit
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Page 171 and 172: • “Euronychodon” portucalensi
Page 173 and 174: • Palintropus retusus - a possibl
Page 175 and 176: Oviraptor ~ Caenagnathus Oviraptori
Page 177 and 178: Ornithothoraces Chiappe & Calvo 199
Page 179 and 180: Hesperornithidae Marsh 1872 [Clarke
Page 181 and 182: Subfamily Oviraptorinae Osborn 1924
Page 183: Glossary • Alula: Vaned, pennaceo
Page 187 and 188: nonychus antirrhopus (Saurischia, T
Page 189: Matthew P. Martyniuk is an illustra
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A field guide to mesozoic birds and other winged dinosaurs

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