A field guide to mesozoic birds and other winged dinosaurs

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Microraptorinae Senter & al. 2004 [converted clade name] > Microraptor zhaoianus ~ Sinornithosaurus millenii, Dromaeosaurus albertensis Unenlagiinae Makovicky Apesteguia & Agnolin 2005 [Makovicky Apesteguia & Agnolin 2005] > Unenlagia comahuensis ~ Velociraptor mongoliensis Eudromaeosauria Longrich & Currie 2009 [Longrich & Currie 2009] < Saurornitholestes langstoni & Velociraptor mongoliensis & Deinonychus antirrhopus & Dromaeosaurus albertensis Itemiridae Kurzanov 1976 [converted clade name] > Itemirus medullaris ~ Dromaeosaurus albertensis, Stenonychosaurus inequalis, Tyrannosaurus rex *Note: Stenonychosaurus inequalis is a junior synonym of Troodon formosus Velociraptorinae Barsbold 1983 [Sereno 1998] > Velociraptor ~ Dromaeosaurus Dromaeosaurinae Matthew & Brown 1922 [Sereno 1998] > Dromaeosaurus ~ Velociraptor Ornithurae Haekel 1866 [Gauthier 1986] > Aves ~ Archaeopteryx Avialae Gauthier 1986 [Gauthier 1986] > Ornithurae ~ Deinonychosauria Scansoriopterygidae Czerkas & Yuan 2002 [Zhang & al. 2008] < Epidexipteryx & Epidendrosaurus *Note: Epidendrosaurus is a junior synonym of Scansoriopteryx Avebrevicauda Paul 2002 [Paul 2002] > free caudals reduced to ten or fewer (Neornithes) *Note: Neornithes is a junior synonym of Aves Omnivoropterygiformes Czerkas & Ji 2002 [converted clade name] > Omnivoropteryx sinousaorum ~ Passer domesticus *Note: Omnivoropteryx is a junior synonym of Sapeornis, however it is used as a specifier because its eponymous “order” level name is older than that of Sapeornis. Pygostylia Chatterjee 1997 [Chiappe 2001] < Confuciusornithidae & Neornithes Confuciusornithiformes Hou & al. 1995 [converted clade name] > Confuciusornis sanctus ~ Passer domesticus, Enantiornis leali Confuciusornithidae Hou & al. 1995 [Chiappe & al. 1999] < Confuciusornis sanctus & Changchengornis hengdaoziensis 176
Ornithothoraces Chiappe & Calvo 1994 [Chiappe 1995] < Iberomesornis & Neornithes Ornithuromorpha Chiappe & al. 1999 [Chiappe 2001] < Vorona & Patagopteryx & “Ornithurae” *Note: “Ornithurae” meaning Hesperornis & Aves Enantiornithes Walker 1981 [Sereno 1998] > Sinornis ~ Neornithes Iberomesornithiformes Sanz & Bonaparte 1992 [converted clade name] > Iberomesornis romeralii ~ Cathayornis yandica, Gobipteryx minuta, Enantiornis leali Euenantiornithes Chiappe 2002 [Chiappe 2002] > Sinornis ~ Iberomesornis Alexornithiformes Brodkorb 1976 [converted clade name] > Alexornis antecedens ~ Coracias garrulus, Picus viridis, Gobipteryx minuta Eoenantiornithiformes Hou & al. 1999 [converted clade name] > Eoenantiornis buhleri ~ Cathayornis yandica, Iberomesornis romeralii, Enantiornis leali Longipterygiformes Zhang & al. 2001 [converted clade name] > Longipteryx chaoyangensis ~ Cathayornis yandica, Iberomesornis romeralii, Enantiornis leali Eoenantiornithidae Hou & al. 1999 [converted clade name] > Eoenantiornis buhleri ~ Longipteryx chaoyangensis, Cathayornis yandica, Enantiornis leali Longipterygidae Zhang & al. 2001 [O’Connor & al. 2009] < Longipteryx chaoyangensis & Longirostravis hani Cathayornithiformes Zhou Jin & Zhang 1992 [converted clade name] > Cathayornis yandica ~ Iberomesornis romeralii, Longipteryx chaoyangensis, Gobipteryx minuta, Enantiornis leali Avisauroidea new clade name [new definition] > Avisaurus archibaldi ~ Longipteryx chaoyangensis, Sinornis santensis, Gobipteryx minuta Avisauridae Paul & Brett-Surman 1985 [Chiappe 1993] < Avisaurus archibaldi & Neuquenornis volans Enantiornithiformes Walker 1981 [converted clade name] > Enantiornis leali ~ Gobipteryx minuta Euornithes Cope 1889 [Sereno 1998] > Neornithes ~ Sinornis 177
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A Field Guide to Mesozoic Birds and
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To my wife Rashida, For always bugg
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Enantiornithiformes................
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Introduction
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up of remains from various reptiles
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enough information about their plum
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Bird Origins & Evolution
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fur-like filaments called pycnofibr
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This same group (Chuniaoae) is wher
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20
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erately long rachides with long bar
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istles, the opposite of filoplumes,
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ers are anchored to a single plough
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using their wings to passively exte
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modern downstroke where the arm mov
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While Mesozoic birds and other anci
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Feathers & Wings Feathers are class
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longest digit is called the major d
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which aids in aerial maneuverabilit
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Hesperornis, the premaxillary nail
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carnivorous. However, many deinonyc
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Feather Color Recent work by Jakob
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Above: Hypothetical restoration of
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Guide to Mesozoic Birds
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like in life based on fossil and ot
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Above: Relationships of basal caena
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Above: Relationships of caenagnatho
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very unusual looking birds.” Even
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Above: Relationships of microraptor
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Above: Relationships of eudromaeosa
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juv. adult 89
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Above: Relationships of unenlagiine
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Above: Relationships of troodontids
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Above: Relationships of avialans ov
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adult male adult female imm. male f
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For that reason only well-known spe
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Page 127 and 128: Above: Relationships of eoenantiorn
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Page 133 and 134: Above: Relationships of cathayornit
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Page 145 and 146: Above: Relationships of euornithean
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Page 155 and 156: Above: Relationships of carinatans
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Page 161 and 162: million years in the Cenozoic. Not
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Page 165 and 166: Above: Relationships of hesperornit
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Page 171 and 172: • “Euronychodon” portucalensi
Page 173 and 174: • Palintropus retusus - a possibl
Page 175: Oviraptor ~ Caenagnathus Oviraptori
Page 179 and 180: Hesperornithidae Marsh 1872 [Clarke
Page 181 and 182: Subfamily Oviraptorinae Osborn 1924
Page 183 and 184: Glossary • Alula: Vaned, pennaceo
Page 185 and 186: References Benton, M.J. (2004). Ver
Page 187 and 188: nonychus antirrhopus (Saurischia, T
Page 189: Matthew P. Martyniuk is an illustra
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A field guide to mesozoic birds and other winged dinosaurs

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