A field guide to mesozoic birds and other winged dinosaurs

Appendix A: Excluded Species
Unfortunately, many fossil bird species have been named based
on extremely fragmentary remains, or remains which cannot be restored
because their classification is too uncertain to base restorations on their
relatives. These species are briefly discussed below.
Indeterminate or Possible Birds
• Cerebavis cenomanica - known only from the cast of a brain case.
• Cretaaviculus sarysuensis - known from a single tiny but asymmetrical Stage V body
feather, and possibly an isolated ornithothoracine claw from the same formation.
• Elopteryx nopcsai - known from a partial femur. May come from a bird or a more basal
maniraptoran.
• Hulsanpes perlei - known from the partial hindlimbs of a hatchling specimen, possibly
an deinonychosaurian or euornithean.
• Ilerdopteryx viai - known from isolated Stage IV feathers.
• Koparion douglassi - known only from teeth, may be a troodontid or compsognathid.
• Kuszholia mengi - known only from partial hip bones, an indeterminate bird, possibly
a caenagnathiform.
• Pneumatoraptor fodori - known from a partial shoulder girdle with evidence of aviantype
air sacs. Bauxitornis mindszentyae, named for a tarsometatarsus from the same
location, may be a synonym if it is a Balaur-like basal eumaniraptoran and not an
enantiornithean as suggested by Cau (online 2010b).
• Praeornis sharovi - known from isolated feathers possibly representing Prum’s Stage
IIIa.
• Variraptor mechinorum - known from a fragmentary skeleton, possibly deinonychosaurian.
• Vorona berivotrensis - known from a partial hind limb. May be enantiornitheans or
primitive euornitheans.
• Wyleyia valdensis - known only from a humerus, it is some kind of non-euornithean
bird.
Caenagnathiformes
• Hagryphus giganteus - large caenagnathid known only from wing bones.
• Machairasaurus leptonychus - oviraptorid known only from from wing bones.
• Ojoraptorsaurus boerei - caenagnathid known only from partial hip bones.
Deinonychosaurs
• “Coelurus” gracilis - Known from fragmentary remains including claws and teeth.
Likely eudromaeosaurian.
• Dromaeosauroides bornholmensis - earliest eudromaeosaurian, known from a single
tooth.
• “Euronychodon” asiaticus - known only from teeth, probably from a troodontid.
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