Diagnostic Ultrasound - Abdomen and Pelvis

Hyperechoic Kidney
Differential Diagnoses: Kidney
(Left) Longitudinal ultrasound
shows increased cortical and
medullary echogenicity ſt,
equal to sinus fat in an
enlarged kidney. There is
perinephric fluid st in a
patient with nephrotic
syndrome and HIV. Biopsy
showed focal
glomerulosclerosis. (Right)
Longitudinal ultrasound of a
small right kidney ſt with
diffuse increase in cortical
echogenicity is shown. The
cortex is thin and slightly
lobulated st. This is
compatible with established
renal failure.
Chronic Glomerular Diseases
Hypertensive Nephrosclerosis
(Left) Longitudinal ultrasound
shows hyperechoic pyramids
ſt with some shadowing st.
The cortex is less echogenic
than the pyramids in
medullary sponge kidney.
(Right) Longitudinal
ultrasound of the right kidney
in a patient with end-stage
renal failure and ascites is
shown. There is calcification of
the renal cortex ſt causing
significant shadowing .
Medullary Nephrocalcinosis
Cortical Nephrocalcinosis
(Left) Longitudinal ultrasound
of a failed renal transplant
shows a small kidney with
cortical ſt and diffuse
parenchymal calcifications st.
It is important not to confuse
this for a calcified tumor.
(Right) Axial NECT of the same
patient shows the atrophic
transplant kidney with coarse
ſt and peripheral st
calcifications.
Chronic Renal Transplant
Rejection/Chronic Allograft Nephropathy
Chronic Renal Transplant
Rejection/Chronic Allograft Nephropathy
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