Diagnostic Ultrasound - Abdomen and Pelvis

Approach to Sonography of the Female Pelvis
(Left) Day 4: Longitudinal
endovaginal grayscale
ultrasound of the uterus
shows a uniformly thin 1 mm
endometrium at the end of
menstruation when the
endometrium is at its thinnest.
(Right) Day 11: Longitudinal
endovaginal ultrasound shows
the typical appearance of the
mildly thickened endometrium
in the proliferative phase.
Diagnoses: Female Pelvis
(Left) Day 15: Longitudinal
endovaginal ultrasound shows
the trilaminar appearance of
the endometrium in the
periovulatory phase of the
menstrual cycle. Of note, this
is the best phase to detect
endometrial polyps because
they stand out as a
hyperechoic lesion against a
background hypoechoic
endometrium. (Right) Day 28:
Longitudinal endovaginal
ultrasound shows a thickened
and uniformly hyperechoic
endometrium that is typical of
the secretory phase just prior
to menstruation.
(Left) Longitudinal
transabdominal ultrasound
shows the importance of
starting the scan with
transabdominal imaging prior
to endovaginal scanning. This
large cystic right ovarian mass
ſt (borderline ovarian tumor)
above the bladder was
only seen transabdominally
and not seen by endovaginal
imaging. (Right) Transverse
endovaginal US shows 2.5 cm
anechoic simple ovarian cyst
representing a developing
dominant follicle just prior to
ovulation. This should not be
confused with a pathologic
cyst.
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