Diagnostic Ultrasound - Abdomen and Pelvis

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PART I SECTION 1 Abdomen Liver 4 Biliary System 20 Spleen 30 Pancreas 38 Kidneys 44 Bowel 68 Abdominal Lymph Nodes 84 Peritoneal Spaces and Structures 88 Abdominal Wall 96
Liver 4 Anatomy: Abdomen GROSS ANATOMY Overview • Liver is largest gland and largest internal organ (average weight: 1,500 grams) ○ Functions – Processes all nutrients (except fats) absorbed from GI tract; conveyed via portal vein – Stores glycogen, secretes bile ○ Relations – Anterior and superior surfaces are smooth and convex – Posterior and inferior surfaces are indented by colon, stomach, right kidney, duodenum, inferior vena cava (IVC), gallbladder ○ Covered by peritoneum except along gallbladder fossa, porta hepatis, and bare area – Bare area: Nonperitoneal posterior superior surface where liver abuts diaphragm – Porta hepatis: Portal vein, hepatic artery, and bile duct are located within hepatoduodenal ligament ○ Falciform ligament: Extends from liver to anterior abdominal wall – Separates right and left subphrenic peritoneal recesses (between liver and diaphragm) – Marks plane separating medial and lateral segments of left hepatic lobe – Carries round ligament (ligamentum teres), fibrous remnant of umbilical vein ○ Ligamentum venosum: Remnant of ductus venosus – Separates caudate from left hepatic lobe • Vascular anatomy (unique dual afferent blood supply) ○ Portal vein – Carries nutrients from gut and hepatotrophic hormones from pancreas to liver along with oxygen (contains 40% more oxygen than systemic venous blood) – 75-80% of blood supply to liver ○ Hepatic artery – Supplies 20-25% of blood – Liver is less dependent than biliary tree on hepatic arterial blood supply – Usually arises from celiac artery – Variations are common, including arteries arising from superior mesenteric artery ○ Hepatic veins – Usually 3 (right, middle, and left) – Many variations and accessory veins – Collect blood from liver and return it to IVC at confluence of hepatic veins just below diaphragm and entrance of IVC into right atrium ○ Portal triad – At all levels of size and subdivision, branches of hepatic artery, portal vein, and bile ducts travel together – Blood flows into hepatic sinusoids from interlobular branches of hepatic artery and portal vein → hepatocytes (detoxify blood and produce bile) → bile collects into ducts, blood collects into central veins → hepatic veins • Segmental anatomy of liver ○ 8 hepatic segments – Each receives secondary or tertiary branch of hepatic artery and portal vein – Each is drained by its own bile duct (intrahepatic) and hepatic vein branch ○ Caudate lobe = segment 1 – Has independent portal triads and hepatic venous drainage to IVC ○ Left lobe – Lateral superior = segment 2 – Lateral inferior = segment 3 – Medial superior = segment 4A – Medial inferior = segment 4B ○ Right lobe – Anterior inferior = segment 5 – Posterior inferior = segment 6 – Posterior superior = segment 7 – Anterior superior = segment 8 IMAGING ANATOMY Internal Contents • Capsule ○ Reflective Glissoncapsule making borders of liver well defined • Left lobe ○ Contains segments 2, 3, 4A, and 4B ○ Longitudinal scan – Triangular in shape – Rounded upper surface – Sharp inferior border ○ Transverse scan – Wedge-shaped tapering to left ○ Liver parenchyma echoes are mid gray with uniform sponge-like pattern interrupted by vessels • Right lobe ○ Contains segments 5, 6, 7, and 8 ○ Liver parenchymal echoes similar to left lobe ○ Sections of right lobe show same basic shape, though right lobe is usually larger than left • Caudate lobe ○ Longitudinal scan – Almond-shaped structure posterior to left lobe ○ Transverse scan – Seen as extension of right lobe • Portal veins ○ Have thicker reflective walls than hepatic veins; portal veins have fibromuscular walls ○ Wall reflectivity also depends on angle of interrogation; portal veins cut at more oblique angle may have less apparent wall ○ Can be traced back towards porta hepatis ○ Normal portal flow is hepatopetal on color Doppler; absent or reversal of flow may be seen in portal hypertension ○ Normal velocity 13-55 cm/s ○ Portal waveform has undulating appearance due to variations with cardiac activity and respiration ○ Branches run in transverse plane ○ Hepatic portal vein anatomy is variable • Hepatic veins
Page 2 and 3: Diagnostic Ultrasound
Page 4 and 5: Diagnostic Ultrasound Aya Kamaya, M
Page 6 and 7: Dedications To my sweet and support
Page 8 and 9: Asef Khwaja, MD Assistant Professor
Page 10 and 11: Preface
Page 12 and 13: Acknowledgements Text Editors Nina
Page 14 and 15: Sections PART I - Anatomy SECTION 1
Page 16 and 17: TABLE OF CONTENTS VASCULAR CONDITIO
Page 18 and 19: TABLE OF CONTENTS 562 Perigraft Flu
Page 20 and 21: TABLE OF CONTENTS 906 Hyperechoic G
Page 22 and 23: Diagnostic Ultrasound
Page 26 and 27: Liver ○ Appear as echolucent defe
Page 28 and 29: Liver Coronary ligament HEPATIC ATT
Page 30 and 31: Liver Segment 8 HEPATIC SEGMENTS Se
Page 32 and 33: Liver Rectus abdominis muscle LEFT
Page 34 and 35: Liver Abdominal muscle LEFT LOBE OF
Page 36 and 37: Liver Anterior right portal vein RI
Page 38 and 39: Liver PORTA HEPATIS Anatomy: Abdome
Page 40 and 41: Liver Inferior liver margin OTHER V
Page 42 and 43: Biliary System • Harmonic imaging
Page 44 and 45: Biliary System Left hepatic duct Ri
Page 46 and 47: Biliary System Right rectus muscle
Page 48 and 49: Biliary System COMMON BILE DUCT Ana
Page 50 and 51: Biliary System LEFT INTRAHEPATIC DU
Page 52 and 53: Spleen SPLEEN ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY
Page 54 and 55: Spleen Fat in splenic hilum Left he
Page 56 and 57: Spleen SPLENIC VESSELS Anatomy: Abd
Page 58 and 59: Spleen Splenosis ANATOMICAL VARIANT
Page 60 and 61: Pancreas PANCREAS IN SITU Anatomy:
Page 62 and 63: Pancreas PANCREAS, TRANSVERSE VIEW
Page 64 and 65: Pancreas Left lobe of liver PANCREA
Page 66 and 67: Kidneys - Normal peak systolic velo
Page 68 and 69: Kidneys KIDNEY ARTERIES AND INTERIO
Page 70 and 71: Kidneys RENAL FASCIA AND PERIRENAL
Page 72 and 73: Kidneys Right hemidiaphragm RIGHT K
Page 74 and 75:
Kidneys RIGHT KIDNEY, CT CORRELATIO
Page 76 and 77:
Kidneys Right erector spinae muscle
Page 78 and 79:
Kidneys RIGHT INTRARENAL ARTERY AND
Page 80 and 81:
Kidneys LEFT KIDNEY, CT CORRELATION
Page 82 and 83:
Kidneys LEFT KIDNEY, CT CORRELATION
Page 84 and 85:
Kidneys Subcutaneous fat Left latis
Page 86 and 87:
Kidneys LEFT MAIN RENAL ARTERY AND
Page 88 and 89:
Kidneys Right lobe of liver MULTIPL
Page 90 and 91:
Bowel - Forms an incomplete ring in
Page 92 and 93:
Bowel Falciform ligament STOMACH AN
Page 94 and 95:
Bowel SMALL INTESTINE Anatomy: Abdo
Page 96 and 97:
Bowel Abdominal wall STOMACH Anatom
Page 98 and 99:
Bowel Rectus muscle SMALL BOWEL Ana
Page 100 and 101:
Bowel Abdominal wall musculature Ce
Page 102 and 103:
Bowel LARGE BOWEL Abdominal wall mu
Page 104 and 105:
Bowel Urinary bladder RECTOSIGMOID
Page 106 and 107:
Abdominal Lymph Nodes RETROPERITONE
Page 108 and 109:
Abdominal Lymph Nodes LYMPHANGIOGRA
Page 110 and 111:
Peritoneal Spaces and Structures PE
Page 112 and 113:
Peritoneal Spaces and Structures PE
Page 114 and 115:
Peritoneal Spaces and Structures Li
Page 116 and 117:
Peritoneal Spaces and Structures IN
Page 118 and 119:
Abdominal Wall ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL W
Page 120 and 121:
Abdominal Wall MUSCLES OF BACK IN S
Page 122 and 123:
Abdominal Wall Subcutaneous fat Rig
Page 124 and 125:
Abdominal Wall Right lobe of liver
Page 126 and 127:
Abdominal Wall Right rectus abdomin
Page 128 and 129:
Abdominal Wall Subcutaneous fat Rig
Page 130 and 131:
PART I SECTION 2 Pelvis Ureters and
Page 132 and 133:
Ureters and Bladder - Distended bla
Page 134 and 135:
Ureters and Bladder URINARY BLADDER
Page 136 and 137:
Ureters and Bladder CT UROGRAM CORR
Page 138 and 139:
Ureters and Bladder Liver URETER An
Page 140 and 141:
Ureters and Bladder WEIGERT-MEYER L
Page 142 and 143:
Prostate ○ Sac-like structures su
Page 144 and 145:
Prostate ZONAL ANATOMY OF THE PROST
Page 146 and 147:
Prostate SEMINAL VESICLES AND VAS D
Page 148 and 149:
Prostate PROSTATE ANATOMY Anatomy:
Page 150 and 151:
Testes ○ Internal oblique muscle
Page 152 and 153:
Testes EPIDIDYMIS AND SCROTAL WALL
Page 154 and 155:
Testes TESTIS, SAGITTAL VIEW Anatom
Page 156 and 157:
Testes Scrotal wall EPIDIDYMIS, HEA
Page 158 and 159:
Testes TESTICULAR AND EPIDIDYMAL AP
Page 160 and 161:
Testes ARTERIAL AND VENOUS SUPPLY A
Page 162 and 163:
Uterus ARTERIES OF UTERUS AND ADJAC
Page 164 and 165:
Uterus NORMAL VARIATIONS, UTERINE P
Page 166 and 167:
Uterus UTERINE VARIATIONS WITH AGE
Page 168 and 169:
Uterus CYCLIC CHANGES OF ENDOMETRIU
Page 170 and 171:
Uterus FALLOPIAN TUBE Anatomy: Pelv
Page 172 and 173:
Cervix GRAPHICS OF CERVIX ANATOMY A
Page 174 and 175:
Cervix TRANSVAGINAL ULTRASOUND OF C
Page 176 and 177:
Cervix CHANGES OF CERVIX DURING PRE
Page 178 and 179:
Vagina GRAPHICS OF NORMAL VAGINAL A
Page 180 and 181:
Vagina Urinary bladder TRANSVERSE U
Page 182 and 183:
Vagina SPECTRAL WAVEFORM OF VAGINAL
Page 184 and 185:
Ovaries Mesosalpinx LIGAMENTOUS SUP
Page 186 and 187:
Ovaries Transvaginal transducer NOR
Page 188 and 189:
Ovaries Ovarian artery SPECTRAL WAV
Page 190 and 191:
Ovaries CYCLIC CHANGES OF OVARY Ana
Page 192 and 193:
Ovaries CYCLIC CHANGES OF INTRAOVAR
Page 194 and 195:
Liver Transplant Hepatic Artery Ste
Page 196 and 197:
Approach to Hepatic Sonography (Lef
Page 198 and 199:
Approach to Hepatic Sonography (Lef
Page 200 and 201:
Acute Hepatitis TERMINOLOGY Definit
Page 202 and 203:
Acute Hepatitis (Left) Transverse g
Page 204 and 205:
Hepatic Cirrhosis TERMINOLOGY Defin
Page 206 and 207:
Hepatic Cirrhosis (Left) Longitudin
Page 208 and 209:
Hepatic Steatosis TERMINOLOGY Synon
Page 210 and 211:
Hepatic Steatosis (Left) Transverse
Page 212 and 213:
Hepatic Schistosomiasis TERMINOLOGY
Page 214 and 215:
Venoocclusive Disease TERMINOLOGY A
Page 216 and 217:
Venoocclusive Disease (Left) Graysc
Page 218 and 219:
Hepatic Cyst TERMINOLOGY Synonyms
Page 220 and 221:
Hepatic Cyst (Left) Transverse and
Page 222 and 223:
Biliary Hamartoma TERMINOLOGY Synon
Page 224 and 225:
Biliary Hamartoma (Left) Ultrasound
Page 226 and 227:
Caroli Disease TERMINOLOGY Synonyms
Page 228 and 229:
Caroli Disease (Left) Oblique abdom
Page 230 and 231:
Biloma TERMINOLOGY Definitions •
Page 232 and 233:
Biliary Cystadenoma/Carcinoma TERMI
Page 234 and 235:
Biliary Cystadenoma/Carcinoma (Left
Page 236 and 237:
Pyogenic Hepatic Abscess TERMINOLOG
Page 238 and 239:
Pyogenic Hepatic Abscess (Left) Obl
Page 240 and 241:
Amebic Hepatic Abscess TERMINOLOGY
Page 242 and 243:
Amebic Hepatic Abscess (Left) Longi
Page 244 and 245:
Hepatic Echinococcus Cyst TERMINOLO
Page 246 and 247:
Hepatic Echinococcus Cyst (Left) Ob
Page 248 and 249:
Hepatic Diffuse Microabscesses TERM
Page 250 and 251:
Peribiliary Cyst TERMINOLOGY Synony
Page 252 and 253:
Ciliated Hepatic Foregut Cyst TERMI
Page 254 and 255:
Hepatic Cavernous Hemangioma TERMIN
Page 256 and 257:
Hepatic Cavernous Hemangioma (Left)
Page 258 and 259:
Hepatic Cavernous Hemangioma (Left)
Page 260 and 261:
Focal Nodular Hyperplasia TERMINOLO
Page 262 and 263:
Focal Nodular Hyperplasia (Left) Tr
Page 264 and 265:
Hepatic Adenoma TERMINOLOGY Synonym
Page 266 and 267:
Hepatic Adenoma (Left) Transverse t
Page 268 and 269:
Hepatocellular Carcinoma TERMINOLOG
Page 270 and 271:
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Left) Tra
Page 272 and 273:
Hepatocellular Carcinoma (Left) Tra
Page 274 and 275:
Hepatic Metastases TERMINOLOGY Defi
Page 276 and 277:
Hepatic Metastases (Left) Transvers
Page 278 and 279:
Hepatic Lymphoma TERMINOLOGY Defini
Page 280 and 281:
Hepatic Lymphoma (Left) Transverse
Page 282 and 283:
Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosyst
Page 284 and 285:
Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosyst
Page 286 and 287:
Portal Vein Occlusion TERMINOLOGY A
Page 288 and 289:
Portal Vein Occlusion (Left) Color
Page 290 and 291:
Budd-Chiari Syndrome TERMINOLOGY Ab
Page 292 and 293:
Budd-Chiari Syndrome (Left) Color D
Page 294 and 295:
Portal Vein Gas TERMINOLOGY Abbrevi
Page 296 and 297:
Liver Transplant Portal Vein Stenos
Page 298 and 299:
Liver Transplant Biliary Stricture
Page 300 and 301:
PART II SECTION 2 Biliary System In
Page 302 and 303:
Approach to Biliary Sonography hosp
Page 304 and 305:
Approach to Biliary Sonography (Lef
Page 306 and 307:
Approach to Biliary Sonography (Lef
Page 308 and 309:
Cholelithiasis TERMINOLOGY Synonyms
Page 310 and 311:
Cholelithiasis (Left) Longitudinal
Page 312 and 313:
Cholelithiasis (Left) Abdominal rad
Page 314 and 315:
Echogenic Bile TERMINOLOGY Synonyms
Page 316 and 317:
Echogenic Bile (Left) Transverse ul
Page 318 and 319:
Gallbladder Cholesterol Polyp TERMI
Page 320 and 321:
Gallbladder Cholesterol Polyp (Left
Page 322 and 323:
Acute Calculous Cholecystitis TERMI
Page 324 and 325:
Acute Calculous Cholecystitis (Left
Page 326 and 327:
Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis TERM
Page 328 and 329:
Acute Acalculous Cholecystitis (Lef
Page 330 and 331:
Chronic Cholecystitis TERMINOLOGY D
Page 332 and 333:
Xanthogranulomatous Cholecystitis T
Page 334 and 335:
Porcelain Gallbladder TERMINOLOGY A
Page 336 and 337:
Hyperplastic Cholecystosis (Adenomy
Page 338 and 339:
Hyperplastic Cholecystosis (Adenomy
Page 340 and 341:
Gallbladder Carcinoma TERMINOLOGY A
Page 342 and 343:
Gallbladder Carcinoma (Left) Sagitt
Page 344 and 345:
Biliary Ductal Dilatation IMAGING G
Page 346 and 347:
Choledochal Cyst TERMINOLOGY Synony
Page 348 and 349:
Choledochal Cyst (Left) Longitudina
Page 350 and 351:
Choledocholithiasis TERMINOLOGY Abb
Page 352 and 353:
Choledocholithiasis (Left) A single
Page 354 and 355:
Biliary Ductal Gas TERMINOLOGY Syno
Page 356 and 357:
Cholangiocarcinoma TERMINOLOGY Syno
Page 358 and 359:
Cholangiocarcinoma (Left) Ultrasoun
Page 360 and 361:
Ascending Cholangitis TERMINOLOGY S
Page 362 and 363:
Ascending Cholangitis (Left) Longit
Page 364 and 365:
Recurrent Pyogenic Cholangitis TERM
Page 366 and 367:
Recurrent Pyogenic Cholangitis (Lef
Page 368 and 369:
AIDS-Related Cholangiopathy TERMINO
Page 370 and 371:
PART II SECTION 3 Pancreas Introduc
Page 372 and 373:
Approach to Pancreatic Sonography C
Page 374 and 375:
Approach to Pancreatic Sonography (
Page 376 and 377:
Acute Pancreatitis TERMINOLOGY Abbr
Page 378 and 379:
Acute Pancreatitis (Left) Transvers
Page 380 and 381:
Pancreatic Pseudocyst TERMINOLOGY D
Page 382 and 383:
Pancreatic Pseudocyst (Left) Transv
Page 384 and 385:
Chronic Pancreatitis TERMINOLOGY Ab
Page 386 and 387:
Chronic Pancreatitis (Left) Transve
Page 388 and 389:
Mucinous Cystic Pancreatic Tumor TE
Page 390 and 391:
Mucinous Cystic Pancreatic Tumor (L
Page 392 and 393:
Serous Cystadenoma of Pancreas TERM
Page 394 and 395:
Serous Cystadenoma of Pancreas (Lef
Page 396 and 397:
Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neop
Page 398 and 399:
Page 400 and 401:
Page 402 and 403:
Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma TERMINO
Page 404 and 405:
Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma (Left)
Page 406 and 407:
Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor TER
Page 408 and 409:
Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor (Le
Page 410 and 411:
Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm TERM
Page 412 and 413:
Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm (Lef
Page 414 and 415:
PART II SECTION 4 Spleen Introducti
Page 416 and 417:
Approach to Splenic Sonography sple
Page 418 and 419:
Approach to Splenic Sonography (Lef
Page 420 and 421:
Approach to Splenic Sonography (Lef
Page 422 and 423:
Splenomegaly TERMINOLOGY Abbreviati
Page 424 and 425:
Splenomegaly (Left) US in a 92-year
Page 426 and 427:
Splenic Cyst TERMINOLOGY Definition
Page 428 and 429:
Splenic Cyst (Left) Grayscale US of
Page 430 and 431:
Splenic Tumors TERMINOLOGY Definiti
Page 432 and 433:
Splenic Tumors (Left) Longitudinal
Page 434 and 435:
Splenic Tumors (Left) A solid, hypo
Page 436 and 437:
Splenic Infarct TERMINOLOGY Abbrevi
Page 438 and 439:
Splenic Infarct (Left) Power Dopple
Page 440 and 441:
Vascular Conditions Renal Artery St
Page 442 and 443:
Approach to Urinary Tract Sonograph
Page 444 and 445:
Approach to Urinary Tract Sonograph
Page 446 and 447:
Column of Bertin, Kidney TERMINOLOG
Page 448 and 449:
Renal Junction Line TERMINOLOGY Syn
Page 450 and 451:
Renal Ectopia TERMINOLOGY Abbreviat
Page 452 and 453:
Renal Ectopia (Left) Grayscale ultr
Page 454 and 455:
Horseshoe Kidney TERMINOLOGY Defini
Page 456 and 457:
Horseshoe Kidney (Left) Longitudina
Page 458 and 459:
Ureteral Duplication TERMINOLOGY Sy
Page 460 and 461:
Ureteral Duplication (Left) Longitu
Page 462 and 463:
Ureteral Ectopia TERMINOLOGY Abbrev
Page 464 and 465:
Ureteral Ectopia (Left) Coronal T2
Page 466 and 467:
Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction
Page 468 and 469:
Ureteropelvic Junction Obstruction
Page 470 and 471:
Urolithiasis TERMINOLOGY Abbreviati
Page 472 and 473:
Urolithiasis (Left) Longitudinal US
Page 474 and 475:
Urolithiasis (Left) Intravenous pye
Page 476 and 477:
Nephrocalcinosis TERMINOLOGY Abbrev
Page 478 and 479:
Nephrocalcinosis (Left) Coronal MIP
Page 480 and 481:
Hydronephrosis TERMINOLOGY Synonyms
Page 482 and 483:
Hydronephrosis (Left) Longitudinal
Page 484 and 485:
Simple Renal Cyst TERMINOLOGY Defin
Page 486 and 487:
Simple Renal Cyst (Left) Longitudin
Page 488 and 489:
Complex Renal Cyst TERMINOLOGY Defi
Page 490 and 491:
Complex Renal Cyst (Left) Transvers
Page 492 and 493:
Cystic Disease of Dialysis TERMINOL
Page 494 and 495:
Cystic Disease of Dialysis (Left) L
Page 496 and 497:
Multilocular Cystic Nephroma TERMIN
Page 498 and 499:
Acute Pyelonephritis TERMINOLOGY Ab
Page 500 and 501:
Acute Pyelonephritis (Left) Longitu
Page 502 and 503:
Renal Abscess TERMINOLOGY Definitio
Page 504 and 505:
Emphysematous Pyelonephritis TERMIN
Page 506 and 507:
Emphysematous Pyelonephritis (Left)
Page 508 and 509:
Pyonephrosis TERMINOLOGY Definition
Page 510 and 511:
Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis
Page 512 and 513:
Tuberculosis, Urinary Tract TERMINO
Page 514 and 515:
Tuberculosis, Urinary Tract (Left)
Page 516 and 517:
Renal Cell Carcinoma TERMINOLOGY Ab
Page 518 and 519:
Renal Cell Carcinoma (Left) Longitu
Page 520 and 521:
Renal Metastases IMAGING General Fe
Page 522 and 523:
Renal Angiomyolipoma TERMINOLOGY Ab
Page 524 and 525:
Renal Angiomyolipoma (Left) Longitu
Page 526 and 527:
Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma TE
Page 528 and 529:
Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma (L
Page 530 and 531:
Renal Lymphoma TERMINOLOGY Abbrevia
Page 532 and 533:
Renal Lymphoma (Left) Longitudinal
Page 534 and 535:
Renal Artery Stenosis TERMINOLOGY A
Page 536 and 537:
Renal Artery Stenosis (Left) Obliqu
Page 538 and 539:
Renal Vein Thrombosis TERMINOLOGY A
Page 540 and 541:
Renal Vein Thrombosis (Left) Longit
Page 542 and 543:
Renal Infarct TERMINOLOGY Definitio
Page 544 and 545:
Perinephric Hematoma TERMINOLOGY De
Page 546 and 547:
Prostatic Hyperplasia TERMINOLOGY A
Page 548 and 549:
Prostatic Hyperplasia (Left) Axial
Page 550 and 551:
Prostatic Carcinoma TERMINOLOGY Abb
Page 552 and 553:
Prostatic Carcinoma (Left) Transver
Page 554 and 555:
Prostatic Carcinoma (Left) Transver
Page 556 and 557:
Bladder Carcinoma TERMINOLOGY Defin
Page 558 and 559:
Bladder Carcinoma (Left) Transverse
Page 560 and 561:
Ureterocele TERMINOLOGY Definitions
Page 562 and 563:
Ureterocele (Left) Transabdominal l
Page 564 and 565:
Bladder Diverticulum TERMINOLOGY Ab
Page 566 and 567:
Bladder Diverticulum (Left) Transab
Page 568 and 569:
Bladder Calculi TERMINOLOGY Synonym
Page 570 and 571:
Schistosomiasis, Bladder TERMINOLOG
Page 572 and 573:
PART II SECTION 6 Kidney Transplant
Page 574 and 575:
Approach to Sonography of Renal All
Page 576 and 577:
Page 578 and 579:
Page 580 and 581:
Allograft Hydronephrosis TERMINOLOG
Page 582 and 583:
Allograft Hydronephrosis (Left) Lon
Page 584 and 585:
Perigraft Fluid Collections TERMINO
Page 586 and 587:
Perigraft Fluid Collections (Left)
Page 588 and 589:
Transplant Renal Artery Stenosis TE
Page 590 and 591:
Transplant Renal Artery Stenosis (L
Page 592 and 593:
Transplant Renal Artery Thrombosis
Page 594 and 595:
Transplant Renal Vein Thrombosis TE
Page 596 and 597:
Renal Transplant Arteriovenous (AV)
Page 598 and 599:
Renal Transplant Pseudoaneurysm TER
Page 600 and 601:
Renal Transplant Rejection IMAGING
Page 602 and 603:
Delayed Renal Graft Function TERMIN
Page 604 and 605:
PART II SECTION 7 Adrenal Gland Adr
Page 606 and 607:
Adrenal Hemorrhage TERMINOLOGY Abbr
Page 608 and 609:
Adrenal Hemorrhage (Left) Longitudi
Page 610 and 611:
Myelolipoma TERMINOLOGY Definitions
Page 612 and 613:
Myelolipoma (Left) Longitudinal US
Page 614 and 615:
Adrenal Adenoma TERMINOLOGY Synonym
Page 616 and 617:
Adrenal Adenoma (Left) Longitudinal
Page 618 and 619:
Adrenal Cyst TERMINOLOGY Definition
Page 620 and 621:
Pheochromocytoma TERMINOLOGY Defini
Page 622 and 623:
Pheochromocytoma (Left) Longitudina
Page 624 and 625:
Adrenal Carcinoma TERMINOLOGY Synon
Page 626 and 627:
Adrenal Carcinoma (Left) Transverse
Page 628 and 629:
PART II SECTION 8 Abdominal Wall/Pe
Page 630 and 631:
Approach to Sonography of Abdominal
Page 632 and 633:
Approach to Sonography of Abdominal
Page 634 and 635:
Abdominal Wall Hernia TERMINOLOGY D
Page 636 and 637:
Abdominal Wall Hernia (Left) Transv
Page 638 and 639:
Abdominal Wall Hernia (Left) Transv
Page 640 and 641:
Groin Hernia TERMINOLOGY Definition
Page 642 and 643:
Groin Hernia (Left) Graphic shows a
Page 644 and 645:
Groin Hernia (Left) Longitudinal ul
Page 646 and 647:
Ascites TERMINOLOGY Definitions •
Page 648 and 649:
Ascites (Left) Transverse ultrasoun
Page 650 and 651:
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis TERMINOLO
Page 652 and 653:
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis (Left) Lo
Page 654 and 655:
Peritoneal Carcinomatosis (Left) Tr
Page 656 and 657:
Peritoneal Space Abscess TERMINOLOG
Page 658 and 659:
Peritoneal Space Abscess (Left) Tra
Page 660 and 661:
Segmental Omental Infarction TERMIN
Page 662 and 663:
PART II SECTION 9 Bowel Approach to
Page 664 and 665:
Approach to Bowel Sonography Given
Page 666 and 667:
Approach to Bowel Sonography (Left)
Page 668 and 669:
Appendicitis TERMINOLOGY Definition
Page 670 and 671:
Appendicitis (Left) Axial ultrasoun
Page 672 and 673:
Appendicitis (Left) Axial ultrasoun
Page 674 and 675:
Appendiceal Mucocele TERMINOLOGY De
Page 676 and 677:
Appendiceal Mucocele (Left) Sagitta
Page 678 and 679:
Intussusception TERMINOLOGY Definit
Page 680 and 681:
Intussusception (Left) Transverse t
Page 682 and 683:
Epiploic Appendagitis TERMINOLOGY A
Page 684 and 685:
Epiploic Appendagitis (Left) Graysc
Page 686 and 687:
Diverticulitis TERMINOLOGY Definiti
Page 688 and 689:
Diverticulitis (Left) Acute diverti
Page 690 and 691:
Crohn Disease TERMINOLOGY Synonyms
Page 692 and 693:
Crohn Disease (Left) Long-axis ultr
Page 694 and 695:
Crohn Disease (Left) Long-axis ultr
Page 696 and 697:
Large Bowel Malignancy TERMINOLOGY
Page 698 and 699:
Large Bowel Malignancy (Left) Hepat
Page 700 and 701:
PART II SECTION 10 Scrotum Introduc
Page 702 and 703:
Approach to Scrotal Sonography (Lef
Page 704 and 705:
Testicular Germ Cell Tumors TERMINO
Page 706 and 707:
Testicular Germ Cell Tumors (Left)
Page 708 and 709:
Gonadal Stromal Tumors, Testis TERM
Page 710 and 711:
Gonadal Stromal Tumors, Testis (Lef
Page 712 and 713:
Testicular Lymphoma/Leukemia TERMIN
Page 714 and 715:
Epidermoid Cyst TERMINOLOGY Synonym
Page 716 and 717:
Tubular Ectasia of Rete Testis TERM
Page 718 and 719:
Testicular Microlithiasis TERMINOLO
Page 720 and 721:
Testicular Microlithiasis (Left) Tr
Page 722 and 723:
Testicular Torsion/Infarction TERMI
Page 724 and 725:
Testicular Torsion/Infarction (Left
Page 726 and 727:
Undescended Testis TERMINOLOGY Syno
Page 728 and 729:
Epididymitis/Orchitis TERMINOLOGY S
Page 730 and 731:
Epididymitis/Orchitis (Left) Sagitt
Page 732 and 733:
Scrotal Trauma TERMINOLOGY Definiti
Page 734 and 735:
Scrotal Trauma (Left) Transverse gr
Page 736 and 737:
Hydrocele TERMINOLOGY Definitions
Page 738 and 739:
Spermatocele/Epididymal Cyst TERMIN
Page 740 and 741:
Adenomatoid Tumor TERMINOLOGY Defin
Page 742 and 743:
Varicocele TERMINOLOGY Definitions
Page 744 and 745:
Non-Ovarian Cystic Masses Hydrosalp
Page 746 and 747:
Approach to Sonography of the Femal
Page 748 and 749:
Nabothian Cyst TERMINOLOGY Synonyms
Page 750 and 751:
Nabothian Cyst (Left) Longitudinal
Page 752 and 753:
Cervical Carcinoma IMAGING General
Page 754 and 755:
Cervical Carcinoma (Left) Longitudi
Page 756 and 757:
Cervical Carcinoma (Left) Longitudi
Page 758 and 759:
Adenomyosis TERMINOLOGY Synonyms
Page 760 and 761:
Adenomyosis (Left) Longitudinal tra
Page 762 and 763:
Leiomyoma TERMINOLOGY Abbreviations
Page 764 and 765:
Leiomyoma (Left) Transvaginal ultra
Page 766 and 767:
Leiomyoma (Left) Transverse transab
Page 768 and 769:
Uterine Anomalies TERMINOLOGY Abbre
Page 770 and 771:
Uterine Anomalies (Left) 3D ultraso
Page 772 and 773:
Uterine Anomalies (Left) Graphic of
Page 774 and 775:
Hematometrocolpos TERMINOLOGY Abbre
Page 776 and 777:
Hematometrocolpos (Left) Transverse
Page 778 and 779:
Endometrial Polyp TERMINOLOGY Abbre
Page 780 and 781:
Endometrial Polyp (Left) Longitudin
Page 782 and 783:
Endometrial Polyp (Left) Transabdom
Page 784 and 785:
Endometrial Carcinoma TERMINOLOGY A
Page 786 and 787:
Endometrial Carcinoma (Left) Longit
Page 788 and 789:
Endometritis TERMINOLOGY Synonyms
Page 790 and 791:
Endometritis (Left) Longitudinal tr
Page 792 and 793:
Intrauterine Device TERMINOLOGY Abb
Page 794 and 795:
Intrauterine Device (Left) Longitud
Page 796 and 797:
Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy TERMINOLOGY
Page 798 and 799:
Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy (Left) Tran
Page 800 and 801:
Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy (Left) Sagi
Page 802 and 803:
Unusual Ectopic Pregnancies TERMINO
Page 804 and 805:
Unusual Ectopic Pregnancies (Left)
Page 806 and 807:
Unusual Ectopic Pregnancies (Left)
Page 808 and 809:
Failed First Trimester Pregnancy TE
Page 810 and 811:
Failed First Trimester Pregnancy (L
Page 812 and 813:
Failed First Trimester Pregnancy (L
Page 814 and 815:
Retained Products of Conception TER
Page 816 and 817:
Retained Products of Conception (Le
Page 818 and 819:
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease T
Page 820 and 821:
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (
Page 822 and 823:
Functional Ovarian Cyst TERMINOLOGY
Page 824 and 825:
Functional Ovarian Cyst (Left) Typi
Page 826 and 827:
Hemorrhagic Cyst TERMINOLOGY Abbrev
Page 828 and 829:
Hemorrhagic Cyst (Left) Using color
Page 830 and 831:
Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome T
Page 832 and 833:
Ovarian Hyperstimulation Syndrome (
Page 834 and 835:
Serous Ovarian Cystadenoma/Carcinom
Page 836 and 837:
Serous Ovarian Cystadenoma/Carcinom
Page 838 and 839:
Mucinous Ovarian Cystadenoma/Carcin
Page 840 and 841:
Mucinous Ovarian Cystadenoma/Carcin
Page 842 and 843:
Ovarian Teratoma TERMINOLOGY Synony
Page 844 and 845:
Ovarian Teratoma (Left) Ultrasound
Page 846 and 847:
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome TERMINO
Page 848 and 849:
Endometrioma TERMINOLOGY Synonyms
Page 850 and 851:
Endometrioma (Left) Longitudinal en
Page 852 and 853:
Hydrosalpinx TERMINOLOGY Definition
Page 854 and 855:
Hydrosalpinx (Left) Longitudinal tr
Page 856 and 857:
Tubo-Ovarian Abscess TERMINOLOGY De
Page 858 and 859:
Tubo-Ovarian Abscess (Left) Longitu
Page 860 and 861:
Parovarian Cyst TERMINOLOGY Abbrevi
Page 862 and 863:
Peritoneal Inclusion Cyst TERMINOLO
Page 864 and 865:
Peritoneal Inclusion Cyst (Left) Sa
Page 866 and 867:
Bartholin Cyst TERMINOLOGY Definiti
Page 868 and 869:
Gartner Duct Cyst TERMINOLOGY Abbre
Page 870 and 871:
Gartner Duct Cyst (Left) Longitudin
Page 872 and 873:
Sex Cord-Stromal Tumor TERMINOLOGY
Page 874 and 875:
Sex Cord-Stromal Tumor (Left) Trans
Page 876 and 877:
Sex Cord-Stromal Tumor (Left) Sagit
Page 878 and 879:
Adnexal/Ovarian Torsion TERMINOLOGY
Page 880 and 881:
Adnexal/Ovarian Torsion (Left) Long
Page 882 and 883:
Ovarian Metastases Including Kruken
Page 884 and 885:
Ovarian Metastases Including Kruken
Page 886 and 887:
PART III SECTION 1 Liver Hepatomega
Page 888 and 889:
Hepatomegaly - Firm consistency (du
Page 890 and 891:
Hepatomegaly Lymphoma Lymphoma (Lef
Page 892 and 893:
Diffuse Liver Disease Acute/Chronic
Page 894 and 895:
Cystic Liver Lesion ○ May be soli
Page 896 and 897:
Cystic Liver Lesion Peribiliary Cys
Page 898 and 899:
Hypoechoic Liver Mass - Adjacent he
Page 900 and 901:
Hypoechoic Liver Mass Infected Bilo
Page 902 and 903:
Echogenic Liver Mass • Fibrolamel
Page 904 and 905:
Echogenic Liver Mass Hepatic Ligame
Page 906 and 907:
Target Lesions in Liver Hepatic Met
Page 908 and 909:
Multiple Hepatic Masses ○ Cluster
Page 910 and 911:
Multiple Hepatic Masses Cirrhosis W
Page 912 and 913:
Hepatic Mass With Central Scar Foca
Page 914 and 915:
Periportal Lesion Helpful Clues for
Page 916 and 917:
Periportal Lesion Peribiliary Cyst
Page 918 and 919:
Irregular Hepatic Surface Subcapsul
Page 920 and 921:
Portal Vein Abnormality Bland Porta
Page 922 and 923:
PART III SECTION 2 Biliary System
Page 924 and 925:
Diffuse Gallbladder Wall Thickening
Page 926 and 927:
Diffuse Gallbladder Wall Thickening
Page 928 and 929:
Hyperechoic Gallbladder Wall Porcel
Page 930 and 931:
Focal Gallbladder Wall Thickening/M
Page 932 and 933:
Echogenic Material in Gallbladder S
Page 934 and 935:
Dilated Gallbladder ○ Distended n
Page 936 and 937:
Dilated Gallbladder Mucocele/Hydrop
Page 938 and 939:
Intrahepatic and Extrahepatic Duct
Page 940 and 941:
PART III SECTION 3 Pancreas Cystic
Page 942 and 943:
Cystic Pancreatic Lesion Helpful Cl
Page 944 and 945:
Cystic Pancreatic Lesion Mucinous C
Page 946 and 947:
Solid Pancreatic Lesion ○ Usually
Page 948 and 949:
Solid Pancreatic Lesion Serous Cyst
Page 950 and 951:
Pancreatic Duct Dilatation Chronic
Page 952 and 953:
PART III SECTION 4 Spleen Focal Spl
Page 954 and 955:
Focal Splenic Lesion - Typically mu
Page 956 and 957:
Focal Splenic Lesion Pyogenic Absce
Page 958 and 959:
Focal Splenic Lesion Splenic Infarc
Page 960 and 961:
PART III SECTION 5 Urinary Tract 9
Page 962 and 963:
Intraluminal Bladder Mass Bladder C
Page 964 and 965:
Abnormal Bladder Wall □ Uterine c
Page 966 and 967:
Abnormal Bladder Wall Invasion by P
Page 968 and 969:
PART III SECTION 6 Kidney Enlarged
Page 970 and 971:
Enlarged Kidney - Nonneoplastic cau
Page 972 and 973:
Enlarged Kidney Perinephric Fluid C
Page 974 and 975:
Small Kidney ○ Pseudotumors from
Page 976 and 977:
Small Kidney Postobstructive Atroph
Page 978 and 979:
Hypoechoic Kidney • Multiple Myel
Page 980 and 981:
Hypoechoic Kidney Acute Renal Arter
Page 982 and 983:
Hyperechoic Kidney ○ Echogenic co
Page 984 and 985:
Hyperechoic Kidney Chronic Glomerul
Page 986 and 987:
Cystic Renal Mass ○ Associated wi
Page 988 and 989:
Cystic Renal Mass Multicystic Dyspl
Page 990 and 991:
Solid Renal Mass • Horseshoe Kidn
Page 992 and 993:
Solid Renal Mass Renal Lymphoma Ren
Page 994 and 995:
Renal Pseudotumor Column of Bertin
Page 996 and 997:
Dilated Renal Pelvis • Intrarenal
Page 998 and 999:
Dilated Renal Pelvis Pyonephrosis P
Page 1000 and 1001:
PART III SECTION 7 Abdominal Wall/P
Page 1002 and 1003:
Diffuse Peritoneal Fluid Hemoperito
Page 1004 and 1005:
Solid Peritoneal Mass - Higher dens
Page 1006 and 1007:
Solid Peritoneal Mass Mimics Benign
Page 1008 and 1009:
Cystic Peritoneal Mass ○ Women of
Page 1010 and 1011:
Cystic Peritoneal Mass Pseudomyxoma
Page 1012 and 1013:
PART III SECTION 8 Prostate Enlarge
Page 1014 and 1015:
Enlarged Prostate Benign Prostatic
Page 1016 and 1017:
Focal Lesion in Prostate ○ Variab
Page 1018 and 1019:
Focal Lesion in Prostate Müllerian
Page 1020 and 1021:
PART III SECTION 9 Bowel Bowel Wall
Page 1022 and 1023:
Bowel Wall Thickening - Distal ileu
Page 1024 and 1025:
Bowel Wall Thickening Crohn Disease
Page 1026 and 1027:
Bowel Wall Thickening Clostridium D
Page 1028 and 1029:
PART III SECTION 10 Scrotum 1008
Page 1030 and 1031:
Diffuse Testicular Enlargement Test
Page 1032 and 1033:
Decreased Testicular Size Testicula
Page 1034 and 1035:
Testicular Calcifications Sertoli C
Page 1036 and 1037:
Focal Testicular Mass - Most common
Page 1038 and 1039:
Focal Testicular Mass Testicular Ly
Page 1040 and 1041:
Focal Extratesticular Mass - 3-50 m
Page 1042 and 1043:
Focal Extratesticular Mass Inguinal
Page 1044 and 1045:
Focal Extratesticular Mass Liposarc
Page 1046 and 1047:
Extratesticular Cystic Mass Varicoc
Page 1048 and 1049:
PART III SECTION 11 Female Pelvis
Page 1050 and 1051:
Cystic Adnexal Mass □ Hemorrhagic
Page 1052 and 1053:
Cystic Adnexal Mass Dermoid (Mature
Page 1054 and 1055:
Solid Adnexal Mass - May masquerade
Page 1056 and 1057:
Solid Adnexal Mass Fibrothecoma Hem
Page 1058 and 1059:
Extraovarian Adnexal Mass Helpful C
Page 1060 and 1061:
Extraovarian Adnexal Mass Paraovari
Page 1062 and 1063:
Extraovarian Adnexal Mass Lymph Nod
Page 1064 and 1065:
Enlarged Ovary - Often bilateral (5
Page 1066 and 1067:
Enlarged Ovary Theca Lutein Cysts T
Page 1068 and 1069:
Enlarged Uterus Leiomyoma Adenomyos
Page 1070 and 1071:
Abnormal Endometrium ○ Multiple e
Page 1072 and 1073:
Abnormal Endometrium Pregnancy and
Page 1074 and 1075:
Abnormal Endometrium Tamoxifen-Indu
Page 1076 and 1077:
INDEX A Abdominal aorta, 34, 40, 42
Page 1078 and 1079:
INDEX - myelolipoma vs., 590 - stag
Page 1080 and 1081:
INDEX Biliary cyst. See Choledochal
Page 1082 and 1083:
INDEX Caroli disease, 204-207 - bil
Page 1084 and 1085:
INDEX - solid renal mass vs., 968 -
Page 1086 and 1087:
INDEX diagnostic checklist, 839 dif
Page 1088 and 1089:
INDEX Efferent ductules, 130 Ejacul
Page 1090 and 1091:
INDEX Focal myometrial contraction
Page 1092 and 1093:
INDEX - hydrocele vs., 715 - sperma
Page 1094 and 1095:
INDEX Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC
Page 1096 and 1097:
INDEX Inflammatory pseudotumor, sol
Page 1098 and 1099:
INDEX - focal extratesticular mass
Page 1100 and 1101:
INDEX irregular hepatic surface vs.
Page 1102 and 1103:
INDEX Normal postpartum, enlarged u
Page 1104 and 1105:
INDEX Pararenal fat, posterior, 64
Page 1106 and 1107:
INDEX - inflammatory, gallbladder c
Page 1108 and 1109:
INDEX Pyelogenic cyst - dilated ren
Page 1110 and 1111:
INDEX Renal infection - renal lymph
Page 1112 and 1113:
INDEX - macrocystic variant, mucino
Page 1114 and 1115:
INDEX - right, 92 lesser sac, 93 Su
Page 1116 and 1117:
INDEX Tunica albuginea cyst - calci
Page 1118:
INDEX X Xanthogranulomatous cholecy
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Diagnostic Ultrasound - Abdomen and Pelvis

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