Diagnostic Ultrasound - Abdomen and Pelvis

Cervix
TRANSVAGINAL ULTRASOUND OF CERVIX
Anatomy: Pelvis
Cervical stroma
Nabothian cysts
Thin mucosal layer
Submucosal layers
Thickened mucosa
Acoustic shadows from edges
Cervical stroma
Submucosal layers
Nabothian cyst
Posterior acoustic enhancement
Uterine veins
(Top) Longitudinal transvaginal ultrasound of cervix shows two small Nabothian cysts adjacent to the internal os. Nabothian cyst is a
common sonographic finding in the cervix and is usually anechoic but sometimes can contain internal debris. It is generally of no clinical
significance. (Middle) Transverse transabdominal ultrasound at the level of the cervix of a non-pregnant uterus commonly shows
thickened mucosal layers. Note that, during the menstrual cycle, the thickness and echogenicity of the mucosal layer undergoes
changes as the endometrium does. When thickened, it typically casts shadowing from its edges. (Bottom) Transverse transvaginal
ultrasound of the cervix at the mid endocervical canal shows the echogenic mucosal layers and thickened submucosal layers. A simple
Nabothian cyst is present with minimal posterior acoustic enhancement. The submucosal layer is filled with mucus-secreting glands
leading to its hypoechoic appearance and posterior acoustic enhancement.
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