Diagnostic Ultrasound - Abdomen and Pelvis
Uterus UTERINE VARIATIONS WITH AGE Anatomy: Pelvis Uterine body Cervix Uterine body Cervix Vagina Uterine body Cervix (Top) Longitudinal TA ultrasound shows a nulliparous uterus. The normal adult uterus should attain a pear-shaped or hourglass appearance, with the length of the uterine body double that of the cervix. The size of a nulliparous uterus is usually smaller than that of a parous uterus. (Middle) Longitudinal TA ultrasound shows an early postmenopausal uterus, which is atrophic with prominent reduction in body size relative to the cervix. (Bottom) Longitudinal TA ultrasound shows a later postmenopausal uterus. Note that the cervix-to-body ratio is similar to that of a prepubertal uterus. 145
Uterus Anatomy: Pelvis CYCLIC CHANGES OF ENDOMETRIUM Endometrium, early proliferative phase Endocervical canal Central endometrium line Functional layer of endometrium Arcuate vessels Central endometrium line Stratum basalis Stratum functionale (Top) Longitudinal TA ultrasound shows endometrium in the postmenstrual or early proliferative phase. Note the endometrium is thin and echogenic. (Middle) Longitudinal TA ultrasound of the endometrium during mid proliferative phase shows the endometrium progressively thickened and slightly more echogenic. (Bottom) Longitudinal TA ultrasound of endometrium in the periovulatory phase shows thickening of the stratum functionalis with an echogenic central line and a layered, trilaminar appearance. 146
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Uterus<br />
Anatomy: <strong>Pelvis</strong><br />
CYCLIC CHANGES OF ENDOMETRIUM<br />
Endometrium, early proliferative phase<br />
Endocervical canal<br />
Central endometrium line<br />
Functional layer of endometrium<br />
Arcuate vessels<br />
Central endometrium line<br />
Stratum basalis<br />
Stratum functionale<br />
(Top) Longitudinal TA ultrasound shows endometrium in the postmenstrual or early proliferative phase. Note the endometrium is thin<br />
<strong>and</strong> echogenic. (Middle) Longitudinal TA ultrasound of the endometrium during mid proliferative phase shows the endometrium<br />
progressively thickened <strong>and</strong> slightly more echogenic. (Bottom) Longitudinal TA ultrasound of endometrium in the periovulatory phase<br />
shows thickening of the stratum functionalis with an echogenic central line <strong>and</strong> a layered, trilaminar appearance.<br />
146
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