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EAPC Atlas of Palliative Care in Europe 2019

Conclusion: PC health policies developed in recent years have promoted vigorous development across Europe. Preliminary data on the integration of PC into different fields are encouraging though inequalities between countries and sub-regions persist. Further comparative analysis exploring factors leading to uneven progress may inform strategies to provide PC for all people in need. Per land is de stand van zaken van de (kinder)palliatieve zorg weergegeven.

Conclusion: PC health policies developed in recent years have promoted vigorous development across Europe. Preliminary data on the integration of PC into different fields are encouraging though inequalities between countries and sub-regions persist. Further comparative analysis exploring factors leading to uneven progress may inform strategies to provide PC for all people in need.

Per land is de stand van zaken van de (kinder)palliatieve zorg weergegeven.

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15,594<br />

Gross Domestic Product<br />

per capita (US$), 2017<br />

COUNTRY INFORMATION / LIECHTENSTEIN<br />

- - - 17 83<br />

Health expenditure<br />

(% <strong>of</strong> GDP), 2015<br />

Health expenditure<br />

per capita, PPP (US$)<br />

Physicians per 1,000<br />

<strong>in</strong>habitants, 2014<br />

Human Development<br />

Index Rank<strong>in</strong>g, <strong>2019</strong><br />

Life expectancy at birth,<br />

total (years), 2016<br />

B<br />

PC SERVICES FOR ADULTS<br />

PC SERVICES<br />

l Inpatient<br />

l Inpatient<br />

hospices<br />

PC units<br />

33% 1<br />

<strong>in</strong> hospitals<br />

3TOTAL 67%<br />

8PER 100,000<br />

INHABITANTS<br />

2<br />

*<br />

* Services are <strong>in</strong> Switzerland,<br />

<strong>in</strong>tergovernmental treaty<br />

Additional PC<br />

Services<br />

for Adults<br />

l PC services<br />

for adults<br />

<strong>in</strong> Liechtenste<strong>in</strong><br />

PC services<br />

for adults <strong>in</strong><br />

<strong>Europe</strong> (median)<br />

[0.8/100,000<br />

<strong>in</strong>hab.]<br />

R Day care services -<br />

R Volunteer-led hospices -<br />

MEDICINES<br />

PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY<br />

Opioid consumption per capita <strong>in</strong> morph<strong>in</strong>e equivalent,<br />

exclud<strong>in</strong>g methadone, 2017<br />

-<br />

mg<br />

l Average consumption<br />

<strong>in</strong> Liechtenste<strong>in</strong><br />

Average consumption<br />

<strong>in</strong> <strong>Europe</strong> [107 mg]<br />

National PC association<br />

NAME<br />

<strong>Palliative</strong>-net Liechtenste<strong>in</strong><br />

Palliativnetz Liechtenste<strong>in</strong><br />

Other associations<br />

YES NO<br />

SINCE<br />

2012<br />

Hospice Movement Liechtenste<strong>in</strong><br />

Directory <strong>of</strong> services<br />

YES<br />

NO<br />

RELEVANT REFERENCES ON PC DEVELOPMENT<br />

- -<br />

Morph<strong>in</strong>e Code<strong>in</strong>e<br />

General availability <strong>of</strong> oral morph<strong>in</strong>e (<strong>in</strong>mediate release)<br />

Opioid prescription requirements<br />

Special prescription form<br />

Prescription limits<br />

- - -<br />

Fentanyl Oxycodone Hydromorph<strong>in</strong>e<br />

Patient registration as an opioid user<br />

Pr<strong>of</strong>essionals allowed to prescribe<br />

YES NO<br />

YES NO<br />

No limit<br />

N/A<br />

L<strong>in</strong>si K, et al. 12 Community<br />

palliative care<br />

<strong>in</strong> Eastern Switzerland.<br />

Compassionate<br />

Communities: Case<br />

Studies from Brita<strong>in</strong><br />

and <strong>Europe</strong>. 2015<br />

26:165.<br />

Eychmüller S, et al.<br />

Community palliative<br />

care <strong>in</strong> Switzerland:<br />

from assessment to<br />

action. InParticipatory<br />

Research <strong>in</strong> <strong>Palliative</strong><br />

<strong>Care</strong>: Actions and<br />

Reflections 2012 Dec<br />

6 (pp. 76-84). Oxford<br />

University Press<br />

Oxford.<br />

KEY INFORMANTS<br />

Ingrid Frommelt.<br />

Only specialists<br />

All physicians<br />

Nurses tra<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong> PC<br />

See more <strong>in</strong>formation<br />

<strong>in</strong> onl<strong>in</strong>e version<br />

<strong>EAPC</strong> <strong>Atlas</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Palliative</strong> <strong>Care</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Europe</strong><br />

149

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