Maths

54 MATHEMATICS
(iv) The taxi charges in a city consist of a fixed charge together with the charge for the
distance covered. For a distance of 10 km, the charge paid is Rs 105 and for a
journey of 15 km, the charge paid is Rs 155. What are the fixed charges and the
charge per km? How much does a person have to pay for travelling a distance of
25 km?
(v) A fraction becomes 9 , if 2 is added to both the numerator and the denominator.
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If, 3 is added to both the numerator and the denominator it becomes 5 . Find the
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fraction.
(vi) Five years hence, the age of Jacob will be three times that of his son. Five years
ago, Jacob’s age was seven times that of his son. What are their present ages?
3.4.2 Elimination Method
Now let us consider another method of eliminating (i.e., removing) one variable. This
is sometimes more convenient than the substitution method. Let us see how this method
works.
Example 11 : The ratio of incomes of two persons is 9 : 7 and the ratio of their
expenditures is 4 : 3. If each of them manages to save Rs 2000 per month, find their
monthly incomes.
Solution : Let us denote the incomes of the two person by Rs 9x and Rs 7x and their
expenditures by Rs 4y and Rs 3y respectively. Then the equations formed in the
situation is given by :
9x – 4y = 2000 (1)
and 7x – 3y = 2000 (2)
Step 1 : Multiply Equation (1) by 3 and Equation (2) by 4 to make the coefficients of
y equal. Then we get the equations:
27x – 12y = 6000 (3)
28x – 12y = 8000 (4)
Step 2 : Subtract Equation (3) from Equation (4) to eliminate y, because the coefficients
of y are the same. So, we get
(28x – 27x) – (12y – 12y) = 8000 – 6000
i.e., x = 2000
Step 3 : Substituting this value of x in (1), we get
9(2000) – 4y = 2000
i.e., y = 4000