GRAMMAR FORM 1

GRAMMAR
FORM 1
VOLUME 1
FIRST EDITION
KHAIRUNNISA
ZARITH SOFEA
NORATIKAH

INTRODUCTION
Grammar Form 1 is an ebook for
beginners among Form One
students who want to learn and
aren't fully confident about using
English. This eBook can be used as
a self-study eBook, but might also
be used in class with a teacher.
CONTENT
There are six units in the book,
each looking at particular rules
of grammar, focusing on basic
parts of speech. This eBook
provides explanations, examples
and practice exercises.
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of this eBook:
- use English more confidently.
- make fewer mistakes.
- revise English grammar in an
entertaining and interesting
way.
- develop the ability to recognize
errors or mistakes.
- depend less on having a
teacher to help all the time.

WHAT'S INSIDE?
NOUNS
PRONOUNS
ADVERBS
PREPOSITION
ADJECTIVES
TENSES

Chapter 1:
NOUNS
Countable Nouns
Uncountable Nouns
common nouns
Proper Nouns
Collective Nouns
This is Faridah. She is a student. She studies
in Sekolah Kebangsaan Puteri. Faridah is a
diligent student.

Kuala Lumpur, the city of diversity
Kuala Lumpur is a large city in Malaysia, also known as the heart of
the country. This capital of Malaysia has a lot of attractions, from the
magnificent skyscrapers, including the main attraction KLCC, to the
beautiful scenery. Kuala Lumpur also has a lot of food from different
races. Have you visited Kuala Lumpur before?
Can you recognize the nouns?
watch me!

NOUNS are naming words. They are words
used to describe living things such as
people, animal or things.
What are NOUNS?
Hello I am Sarah!
The dog is cute.
This is my school.

*Sarah is an example of a proper noun, as it is a name of a particular
person given to them.
*Dog and school are the examples of a common noun, as it is the name
of the things in general
MINI EXERCISE
Write down the nouns given according to its types.
Restaurant Chocolate McDonalds Laptop
Subway Car Fan Johnnys Auntie Anne
COMMON NOUN
PROPER NOUN

How do you use NOUNS?
1) A noun can be used as a subject of a verb. The subject is
the person or thing that performs the action of the verb:
a) The student is reading quietly
b) Books are meant to be read
2) A noun can be the object of a verb. The object is the
person or thing that receives the action of the verb:
a) I opened the door
b) Read the headlines aloud
3) A noun can be the object of a preposition. The object
usually follows the preposition:
a) I walked into the room
b) We often run along the footpath for exercise
c) Which lecture are you going to?
4) A noun can be complement of a linking verb. Linking
verbs, such as be or feel, have a complement instead of an
object:
a) Are you a doctor?
b) I feel like a fool
5) A noun can be used like an adjective before another
noun. The first noun describes or defines the second noun:
a) Rain clouds were approaching.
b) We are planning to review the restaurant's service.

I went back to my hometown in Sungai Petani with my parents for Eid
celebration. We left on Saturday, since it is weekend. We were
planning on staying there for a week, since we will be meeting a lot of
people. We also have relatives in Perak so we will be visiting them
during Eid.
Can you recognize the common and proper nouns?
MINI EXERCISE
The writer of this postcard has not used capital letters for proper
nouns. Rewrite it correctly below.
Hi aidan
We are celebrating Eid in Sungai Petani and having a
lovely time. On friday, my parents and i went to our
aunt's house in bagan datoh, perak. I ate a lot of
dishes, including 'rendang' and 'ketupat'. We shall be
back to kuala lumpur on the 11th of june, which is next
week. I will see you at school. remind me to finish my
mathematics homework soon! I brought you some
raya cookies too. See you soon aidan!
love, faridah

Common noun is a word for a person, animal,
place or thing.
Common noun is a name of a particular
person, animal, place or thing. It always
begin with a capital letter
Types of NOUNS
COMMON
NOUNS
PROPER
NOUNS
What are COMMON NOUNS?
cow
heart
What are PROPER NOUNS?
Malaysia
Pak Ahmad

COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
What are COUNTABLE NOUNS?
Countable noun is a noun that can be singular or
plural. It refers to one item or more
eg:
A boy
A deer
Boys
Cars
A private jet
A bottle
Handbags
A motorcycle
An apple
What are UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS?
Uncountable nouns are words for masses or
which cannot be made plural.
qualities
Milk
Sugar
Anger
History
.
watch me!

MINI EXERCISE
Can you recognize the countable and uncountable nouns? Write down
C (countable) or UC (uncountable) on each of the following box.
Underline all of the uncountable nouns in the following passage. If any
occur more than once, you need only underline the first occurrence.
Scientists have developed a new kind of cream that can be
used to treat grey hairs. Old people can use it on their head
and make their hair turn black. I told my grandmother
about this, but she said it was a nonsense. 'I have spent a
lot of money on cures for my grey hair,' she said, 'and none
of them have worked.' I looked at my grandmother's white
silky hair, and I knew that she was telling me the truth. I
asked her, does she misses her old hair. 'Not any more,' she
said. 'I've realized that it is something that comes naturally
with old age, like poor eyesight and loss of memory.'

Construct a question using the right term for countable and
uncountable nouns.
Look at the words, select and assign it into the right category.

COLLECTIVE NOUNS
Sekolah Kebangsaan Puteri is having an Annual School Festival. There are
various of activities prepared by the committee throughout the week in
commemoration of the festival such as Public Speaking Competition, Poem
Recital, Singing Competition and so on. One of the highlights throughout the
festival is the Choir Concert where choir clubs from different schools would
compete against each other to win the grand prize. This is what happens at the
beginning of the Choir Concert. The orchestra plays while the choir walks on
to the stage. The teachers, staff, jury and parents take their seats at the side of
the hall. The audience stand while the national anthem is sung, and they sit
down again before the concert begins.
What are COLLECTIVE NOUNS?
Collective nouns are words for groups of people, animals or things
Army Band Crew
Family
Crowd

1) Most collective nouns are countable nouns, which can
be used with a or an (or other determiners) and made
plural:
a) Syazana plays piano in a band.
b) Both teams played well.
2) However you often use the before collective nouns:
a) The jury entered the hall
b) Some of the committees are having their lunch.
3) You can use a singular or plural verb with a singular
collective noun. You use a singular verb when you are
thinking of the group as a unit:
a) My family comes from Kelantan.
b) This year's LELaC committee is large.
the use of plural verb when you are thinking of the group
as individuals:
a) My family were pleased to see me again.
b) Due to the problem, the team are trying to find another
solution.
Their family were happy.

Watch me!
EXERCISE
Fill in the blanks with the collective nouns in the box, using
each one only once.
*herd *gang *team * lock
*crowd
*crowd *group *swarm *panel
The coach stopped and a ____________________ of people
got out. They were a __________________ of artists who
had come to the countryside to paint pictures for a
competition. A _________________ of judges would decide
which was the best. They found a suitable spot,
with a good view of the surrounding farmland. A
_______________ of sheep were grazing in a field nearby,
and a ___________________ of cattle could be seen in a
distance. Suddenly they were attacked by a
_________________ of bees. They ran down to the road,
where a ________________ of workmen were digging a
ditch. Some of the artists fell into the ditch and
hurt themselves. The coach driver took them to
hospital, and a _____________ of doctors and nurses
attended their injuries.

Chapter 2:
PRONOUNS
"Welcome to our school! We are pleased to have
your company here!"

What are PRONOUNS?
Pronoun stands alone. They do the job of
nouns and noun phrases by standing in place
of them.
1) Pronouns usually refers back to a noun or noun phrases already mentioned.
sister works in a bakery. She likes to
My
bake pastries and cakes.
My sister - noun phrase
She - pronoun
1) Pronouns are shortcuts. They allow you to avoid repeating nouns and noun
phrases, for example;
Jameelah gave me this necklace. I
Aunt
only it wear during Eid.
this necklace - noun phrase
it = the necklace

1) Pronouns stands alone:
- She called me yesterday.
- What shall I do with these?
- Fauzan wants some chocolate cake,
but there was none left
2) A pronoun can be the subject of a verb,
for example:
- They don't understand.
- Few are chosen.
- That sounded like a lie.
3) A pronoun can be the object of a verb,
for example:
- Hanim made it!
- The frog changed himself into a prince.
- Which do you prefer, coffee or tea?
PRONOUNS

1) Determiners come at the beginning of a
noun phrase:
- My bicycle has been stolen from the
- Which shelf should I put these books?
2) As a general rule, singular countable
nouns need an article or other determiners:
3) But plural nouns and uncountable
nouns can be used with or without any
article or other determiner:
- We need eggs, flour and sugar (no
determiner)
- Can you see those ducks on the water?
(with determiner)
- The students handed in their homework.
(with determiner)
DETERMINERS
school field.
A ball *
The ball
*
Any ball
*
Each ball
*
This ball
*
My ball
*

In the following passage, underline all determiners and circle all pronouns.
EXERCISE
Sue just got back from fetching her kids at school.
She felt hungry so she went to the kitchen to make
herself some fried rice. She took out some cold rice
from the fridge and started to heat it up for a bit. She
took out some carrots, chicken breast and eggs for
the fried rice. She was thinking of putting some slices
of cheese too but she hesitates. Her son, Danny came
in to the kitchen and asked, "What are you doing?".
"Making some fried rice. Do you want to grab a
plate?" asked Sue. "No thanks, I already had lunch at
school."

met Henry while I was on my way to the mall so I asked him whether
I
wants to tag along. He agrees and we both rode the bus. When we
he
we saw a book that our friend Lila has wanted so much. We
arrived,
her to ask if she would want us to buy the book for her, but then
called
PERSONAL PRONOUNS
Sure!
Lets go
out!
The weather was clear so I decided to search for some books at the mall.
she told us that she's planning on getting it herself tomorrow at a book
signing event.
Can you recognize the personal pronouns?
Lets sing along!

Personal pronouns are used to represent the person or people
speaking, the person or people they are addressing, and the
people or things they are talking about.
"I made a pie yesterday. Have you tried it?"
"Chalissa has been waiting for you. There she
is!"
My mom bakes a cherry
pie. She is a good baker.
She told me that it is a
family's recipe.
Chalissa is a very cute girl.
She is loved by everyone
around her.

Personal pronouns can be divided into 3:
Objective Pronouns
Posessive Pronouns
Subjective Pronouns
Subjective Pronouns
The personal pronouns I, you, we, he, she, it, and
they are called subjective pronouns.
Examples:
a) She saw her children.
b) We gave the money to charity.
c) I stared at Terry.
She is a princess

Objective Pronouns
These are the personal pronouns: me, you, us,
him, her, it, and them. They are called objective
pronouns because they act as the objects of
verbs and prepositions. We use an
objective pronoun when the pronoun is the direct
object, the indirect object, or the object of the
verb or preposition.
Examples:
a) Between you and me, this will take a long
time.
b) The children saw him.
c) Peter looked at them.
They drink coffee.

Possessive Pronouns
The personal pronouns mine, yours, hers, his,
ours, and theirs are known as possessive
pronouns. They are used to refer to something
owned by the speaker or by someone or
something previously mentioned. Tip: They never
need apostrophes. Avoid mistakes like their’s
and her’s.
Examples:
a) That car is mine.
b) The shoes under the table is hers.
c) Theirs is a family business.
That cat is hers

Reflexive Pronouns
Pronouns that end in -self or -selves are
called reflexive pronouns. There are nine of
them: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself,
oneself, ourselves, yourselves, and themselves.
We use reflexive pronouns when both the subject
and the object of a verb are the same person or
thing. Without them, we would have to write
nonsense sentences like ‘Sarah hated Sarah’
instead of ‘Sarah hated herself’.
Examples:
a) He tripped and injured himself.
b) The family prepared themselves for the worst.
c) I had to look after myself.
Uncle Joan baked the cookies himself.

EXTRA NOTES
Table of Pronouns

EXERCISE
Fill in the blanks with the correct personal pronouns.
Zafry went to the shopping mall to look for a birthday presents for his sister.
_________ did not know on what to buy _________, but hoped to find
something suitable in one of the department stores. “_________ wonder if
_________ would like some dresses,” _________ thought. Her favorite brand
was on sale, but _________ was far too expensive. Zafry moved to the shoes
department. There _________ was relieved to see Amirah and Fatin, two girls
from his class at school, who waved to _________. “Can _________ help
_________?” Zafry asked _________. “I want to buy a pair of shoes for my sister.
Which one do _________ think _________?” Amirah and Fatin had a look
around. _________ chose a nice leather shoes at a very reasonable. “_________
think your sister would love this,” _________ said.
Choose the correct personal pronouns to fill in the blanks..
1) Didn't you hear ________ (she/her) calling your name?
2) The girl picked up the kittens and gave ________ (they/them) a hug.
3) Mrs Lee said her husband and ________ (she/her) were going on a holiday.
4) Will you take a photo of ________ (we/us) on my camera?
5) Gandhi's sister can run faster than ________ (he/him)
6) Mama, can you drive Fazli and ________ (I/me) to the cinema?
7) Jonathan asked me to help ________ (he/him)
8) My friend and ________ (I/me) often go shopping together.
9) The policeman wanted to know where ________ (we/us) were going.
10) I do not like banana fritters as ________ (they/them) are.

A D V E R B S
LIST OF CONTENTS
. W H E R E I S T H E C O R R E C T P L A C E T O P L A C E
3
D V E R B I N S E N T E N C E ?
A
CHAPTER 3
I usually buy vegetables at the market.
His children go everywhere with him.
Alex is clearly unhappy to be here.
The children were playing happily with their toys.
. W H A T I S A N A D V E R B ?
1
. A D V E R B T Y P E S & L I S T
2
4 . E N G L I S H A D V E R B V I D E O S

WHAT IS AN ADVERB?
An adverb is a part of speech used to
describe a verb, an adjective or another
adverb. It tells us how, where, when,
how much and with what frequency.
HOW MUCH?
HOW?
WHERE?
WHEN?
HOW OFTEN?

AN ADVERB CAN TELL...
HOW? WHERE? WHEN?
HOW
MUCH?
HOW
OFTEN?
quietly
happily
peacefully
loudly
carefully
quietly
slowly
badly
closely
easily
well
fast
quickly
cheerfully
efficiently
painfully
secretly
sadly
silently
nervously
angrily
elegantly
foolishly
cruelly
safely
weakly
abroad
above
far
away
back
here
outside
backwards
behind
below
down
indoors
downstairs
inside
nearby
there
towards
around
wherever
now
yesterday
soon
later
tomorrow
yet
already
tonight
today
then
last month
last week
last year
afterwards
again
early
lately
recently
quite
fairly
too
enormously
entirely
very
extremely
rather
almost
absolutely
just
barely
completely
enough
deeply
fully
totally
always
sometimes
often
frequently
normally
generally
usually
seldom
rarely
never

ADVERB TYPES & LIST
There are different types of adverbs expressing
different meanings. Generally, adverbs tell us how,
where, when, how much and with what frequency.
Therefore, types of adverbs are classified according to
their functions.
Adverb of
Frequency
We use adverbs of frequency to say how often we do
things, or how often things happen.
Adverb of
Manner
Adverbs of manner tell us how something happens or is
done. They are usually placed either after the main verb
or after the object.
Adverb of
Time
Time adverbs tell us about when something
happens.
Adverb of
Place
Place adverbs tell us about where something happens or
where something is. They are placed after
the main verbs of after the clause that they modify.
Adverb of
Degree
Degree adverbs express degrees of qualities,
properties, states, conditions and relations.
Adverb of
Evaluation
Evaluative adverbs are used by the speaker to
comment or give an opinion on something. Evaluative
adverbs modify the entire clause.
Conjunctive
Adverbs
Linking adverbs are adverbs that are used to link ideas
or clauses in spoken discourse or written text.

ADVERB TYPES & LIST

Where Is the Correct Place to
Place Adverb in Sentence?
Different types of adverbs and
adverbials go in different positions in
the clause.
Let’s learn these adverb positions in a
sentence, also called adverb placement.
The Front Position
before the subject of the sentence. It gives
information in advance, to set the scene for
the action that follows.
The Mid Position
the adverb in this position is intimately connected
with the verb, generally placed immediately before
it. If there is an auxiliary verb, the adverb is placed
between the auxiliary and main verb. In case there
are two, it is placed between them. If there is a
negative auxiliary, the adverb normally goes after
the negative element, but we can emphasize
negation by placing the adverb just before it.
The End Position
at the end of the sentence.

Where Is the Correct Place to
Place Adverb in Sentence?

Watch these videos!

EXERCISE: ADVERB SEARCH
1. Read the paragraph. Look for all the
adverbs and write them in your exercise
book.
Today I helped my mom cook dinner.
We carefully cut the vegetables and
slowly placed them into a boiling pot
of water. Next, mom quickly
browned the chicken and patiently
let it cook through. I eagerly waited
for my next job, which was to gently
sprinkle spices into the soup. But, I
accidentally poured in too much
cumin. I quietly told my mom my
mistake, and she sweetly told me, as
a child, she had coincidently made
the same mistake.

EXERCISE: ADVERB SEARCH
2. Read the paragraph. Look for all the
adverbs and write them in your exercise
book.
A headmaster gave this talk to Form
1 students today during weekly
assembly. He said, "I want you to be
happy in this school but that does
not mean you can behave in any way
you like. We have school rules that
you must follow. You must come to
school regularly. You must arrive in
school punctually, that it, before the
school bell rings at 1.30 p.m. While
you are in school, you must listen to
your teacher attentively. You must
speak to everyone politely.

EXERCISE: SUITABLE ADVERBS
Fill in the blank with suitable adverbs.
Write the answers in your exercise book.
1. I read because I love to
learn.
2. The soldier approaches the
enemy.
3. The captain passed away
at the house of his daughter.
4. She lent me her bicycle.
5. , we will reach the top and
win this war!
6. There are so many guards
the castle.
7. The police dealt with the incident very
.

EXERCISE: TRUE OR FALSE
READ THE SENTENCES AND WRITE YOUR
ANSWER IN A SEPARATED SHEET OF PAPER.
1. There are no adverbs in this sentence:
- The Prime Minister's speech was interesting.
TRUE
FALSE
2. There is one adverb in this sentence:
- His father served the country well.
TRUE
FALSE
3. There are three adverbs in this sentence:
- My daughter can run faster than me now.
TRUE
FALSE
4. There are two adverbs in this sentence:
- He waited patiently for almost 5 hours.
TRUE
FALSE
5. "Sometimes" is an adverb.
TRUE
FALSE
6. "The" is an adverb.
TRUE
FALSE

P R E P O S I T I O N S
LIST OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 4
During the conference
Into her eyes
In front of Merdeka Stadium
In Kuala Lumpur
. W H A T I S A P R E P O S I T I O N ?
1
. P R E P O S I T I O N L I S T
2
. P R E P O S I T I O N E X A M P L E S
3
. P R E P O S I T I O N O F T I M E A N D P L A C E
4
5 . C O M M O N E R R O R S W I T H P R E P O S I T I O N

WHAT IS A PREPOSITION?
In the English language, prepositions are
words which connect nouns, pronouns and
phrases to other words in a sentence.
A preposition is used before a noun,
pronoun, or gerund to
show place (prepositions of place),
time (prepositions of time),
direction (prepositions of movement),
… in a sentence.
TYPES OF PREPOSITION
Prepositions
of time
Prepositions
of place
Prepositions
of movement
Prepositions
of things
Prepositional
phrases

PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE
A prepositional phrase is a group of words
that begins with a preposition.

PREPOSITIONS OF TIME
A preposition of time is a preposition that
allows you to discuss a specific time period.

PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE
A preposition of place is a preposition which
is used to refer to a place where something or
someone is located.

PREPOSITIONS OF MOVEMENT
Prepositions of movement or direction are
used to show movement from one place to
another. These prepositions are most often
used with verbs of motion and are found after
the verb.

ADJECTIVE & PREPOSITION EXAMPLES
WATCH THIS VIDEO!

NOUN & PREPOSITION EXAMPLES
WATCH THIS VIDEO!

VERB & PREPOSITION EXAMPLES
WATCH THIS VIDEO!

PREPOSITIONS OF TIME AND PLACE
(IN, ON, AT)
TIME
IN - ON - AT
PLACE
centuries
decades
years
moths
weeks
GENERAL (BIGGER)
IN
country
city
neighbour
hood
days
weekend
MORE SPECIFIC
(SMALLER)
ON
streets
avenues
VERY SPECIFIC
(SMALLEST)
hours
AT
address
specific location

PREPOSITIONS OF TIME
PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE

EXERCISE: SUITABLE PREPOSITION
READ THE SENTENCES AND WRITE YOUR
ANSWER IN A SEPARATED SHEET OF PAPER.
1. A new railroad is construction.
2. Could you put your ideas down paper.
3. We stayed at a soldier tent the war.
4. It's easier to run the hill than go up.
5. He is interested animal biology.
6. You are blessed good family.
7. The army are said to be ready action.
8. I have a deep respect my grandmother.
9. I’ve got a meeting the Prime Minister.
10. The key happiness is having dreams.

EXERCISE: ADVERB SEARCH
Read the paragraph. Look for all the adverbs
and write them in your exercise book.
When we were in school, we often get reluctant
whenever we are asked to do anything
patriotic. But that should not have been the
case. It should have been instilled in our hearts
because Malaysia is our home and we should
always love our country no matter what
happens. That is why this coming Merdeka
Day, we should wave the Jalur Gemilang up
high and sing “Negaraku” loud and proud.
Made up of a multicultural and multifaceted
society, each thread forms the fabric that is
uniquely Malaysian. Let us celebrate our
diversity and be more tolerant towards one
another especially after the recent wave of
change. Even though we may have our
differences, at the end of the day we are all
human beings living under the same
multiracial and harmonious roof.

Chapter 5
ADJECTIVES
There a lot of people at Georgetown
on the weekend.

Adjective
An adjective is describes or modifies a noun.
It provides further information about a noun,
indicating things like size, shape, color, and more.
Adjectives can also modify pronouns. They answer
questions like,
"Which one?," "How many?," "Whose?," and "What kind?".
Based on the picture above we can see that the sentence using
adjective " Lot" add some information about the picture.
D J E C T I V E
PROVIDE FURTHER INFORMATION ABOUT AN OBJECT'S OR
CIRCUMSTANCES ABOUT SOMETHING LIKES :
A
SHAPE
AGE
COLOR
ORIGIN
MATERIAL
SIZE
SITUATION
TEMPERATURE
The adjectives do not change the basic meaning or structure
of the sentence, but they do give a lot more information
about the object.
For example :
That cat 1. big fat a eating on the floor.
2. The purple are belong roses to Jungkook.
3.
The football field a so wide.

Example of
Adjective

We use adjectives to describe nouns.
Most adjectives can be used in front of a
noun:
For Example :
1.
They have a beautiful house.
2. We saw a very exciting film last night.
or after a link verb like be, look or feel:
1.
Their house is beautiful.
2. That film looks interesting.

Adjectives with
'-ing' and '-ed'
A lot of adjectives are made from verbs by adding -ing or -ed:
-ing Adjectives
The commonest -ing adjectives are:
amusing
annoying
boring
disappointing
exciting
interesting frightening
tiring
shocking
surprising
worrying
"I read a very interesting article in the
newspaper today."
"That Dracula film was absolutely terrifying."

-ed adjectives
The commonest -ed adjectives are:
annoyed
bored
closed
delighted
disappointed
excited
frightened
tired
worried
"We had nothing to do. We were really bored."
"I didn't really enjoy the Dracula film. Most of the
time I was terrified."

Excercises
a. frightening
b. frightened
a. interesting in
b. interested in
a. boring with
b. bored with
a. exciting
b. excited
a. tiring
b. tired
6. I can't find my glasses. It's so ... ! I had them five minutes
a. annoying
b. annoyed
1.
I enjoyed the film but it was really ... .
2. A: What's your favourite football team?
B: I don't know. I'm not really ... football.
3. I'm ... this film. Can we watch something else?
4.I can't stop reading this book. It's so ... !
5.I'm feeling very ... . I think I'll go to bed.
ago.

Adjective order
Two adjectives
2. A big black car
3. That horrible big dog
We often have two adjectives in front of a noun:
For Example :
1.
A handsome young man
Some adjectives give a general opinion.
We can use these adjectives to describe almost any
noun:
For Example :
good
bad
lovely
strange nice
beautiful
brilliant
excellent awful
important
wonderful
nasty

ADJECTIVES AFTER
LINK VERBS
We use some adjectives only after a link verb:
afraid
glad ill
ready
alive
alone
sorry
sure
asleep
unable
content
well
Some of the commonest -ed adjectives are
normally used only after a link verb:
annoyed
bored
finished
pleased
thrilled
For Example we say:
Our teacher was ill.
My uncle was very glad when he heard the
news.
The policeman seemed to be very annoyed.

EXERCISE

VIDEO REFERENCES

Chapter 6
TENSES
They celebrated National Day on 31st of August.
Malaysians from various backgrounds participated in the
celebration. It was a festive season enjoyed by many races
in Malaysia. Everyone wears their traditional garments
during the celebration.

The volcano has erupted twice since I was born. It had
erupted many times before then. Whenever we hear a loud
noise, we fear the volcano is erupting. When it erupts, redhot
lava streams down its sides. The last time it erupted,
several villages were completely destroyed. Scientist believe
it will erupt again soon.
Can you recognize the tenses?
What are TENSES?
It is a form of verb or verb phrase that tells you something
about the action. Its tense tells you about the time of the
action (such as present or past)
The dragon is eating pudding.
The baby slept soundly.

Table of TENSES
watch me!

TYPES OF TENSES
PRESENT TENSE
PAST TENSE
FUTURE TENSE
SIMPLE
CONTINUOUS
PERFECT
PERFECT
CONTINUOUS

PRESENT TENSE
Present tense are used to talk about
things that are true now or that are
happening now:
a) My grandfather lives in Sabah. (simple)
b) The telephone is ringing. (continuous)
PAST TENSE
You use the past to talk about things that
are no longer true or no longer happening:
a) My grandfather lived in Selangor many
years ago. (simple)
b) The cellphone had been ringing for
some time. (perfect continuous)

FUTURE TENSE
You use the future to talk about things
that are not yet true or not yet happening:
a) I shall wear my new dress for
Shamsiah’s wedding. (simple)
b) By the end of the course you will have
learned on how to sew a dress. (perfect)
SIMPLE TENSE
You use simple verbs for single or regular
actions:
a) I wash my hair every day. (present)
b) Joel rang the doorbell. (past)

CONTINUOUS
TENSE
You use continuous verbs for ongoing
activities:
a) I am washing my hair. (present)
b) Miss Hanim will be teaching you
Science. (future)
PERFECT
TENSE
You use perfect verbs for completed
actions:
a) Mr Kausiliya has written several books
on the subject. (present)
b) They had walked more than twenty
kilometres. (past)

PERFECT
TENSE
1) You use perfect continuous verbs for
activities that are or were ongoing up to a
particular time:
a) They had been hoping that he would
change his mind. (past)
b) At the end of next month, I will have
been working here for two years. (future)

1. They ___________________ in Chicago for 20 years (be).
2. I ___________________ a wonderful film in the cinema
last night. (see)
3. The sun ___________________ at 6:38 yesterday
morning (rise)
4. The sun ___________________ when the climber
reached Mount Everest. (shine)
5. I promise that I ___________________ this secret to
anyone (not tell)
6. Unfortunately, just as we got to the airport their plane
___________________ off (take).
7. They ___________________ to the movies only once in a
while (go)
8. I was tired yesterday because I ___________________
well the night before (not sleep).
9. Shush! Someone ___________________ to our
conversation (listen)!
10. When I le t the house this morning, it
___________________ (already rain)

EXERCISE

THE END