Timbuktu

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Figure 7: Rehabilitation of the mausoleums in Timbuktu destroyed by jihadists during the occupation of the northern regions of Mali. Program Implemented by UNESCO and its partners as the Minister of Culture of Mali and MINUSMA. Timbuktu, April 15, 2015. Photo: MINUSMA/Harandane. https://www.flickr.com/photos/minusma/17389128385 (accessed: April 5, 2019) 2. After the war All strategies that had been used before the attack by UNESCO and other sponsors such as the Mellon foundation were geared towards making the heritage publicly accessible. In and after the war, from 2012, the strategies were much more about keeping the manuscript storing places a secret and not put too much public attention on the armed conflicts. UNESCO inscribed the Timbuktu Heritage Site yet again in their List of World Heritage in Danger, this time danger of destruction through occupation of the site by armed groups, absence of management, and the destructions of the mausoleums that had already happened. (https://whc.UNESCO.org/en/soc/1865). Timbuktu suffered another armed conflict, with the destruction of 15 of the 16 mausoleums , as reported on 18 February 2015 by the State Party. Different from before the war and very fortunately for the site, this time national and international sponsors pulled together to work on restoration and reconstruction strategies. (https://whc.UNESCO.org/en/soc/3218). And the state of deterioration created now for the first time a collaboration offered by UNESCO to rehabilitate four private ancient manuscripts libraries (that were in existence before the war, but never mentioned). In 2016, fourteen of the 16 mausoleums were rebuilt, and several of the private libraries restored. The most recent report of 2018 was very positive: most of the war damage could be restored, and the local, state and UNESCO officials were finally able to put a 2018-‐2022 Management and Conservation Plan in action, a meta-‐plan for the whole of Timbuktu and its heritage. We note that in the face of war, they have learned to work together. The Ahmed Baba Heritage Institute and its many manuscripts is included in this new collaboration. While
the secondary literature consulted does not give hope for the manuscripts ever returning to Timbuktu, the UNESCO report of 2018 opens up this new window and we will definitely stay tuned to know what of the management and conservation plan will have been realised over the next couple of years, seeing the continuing unstable security situation and the notable impacts due to military presence in Timbuktu. Bibliography Centre for the Study of Manuscript Culture, University of Hamburg: https://www.manuscript-‐cultures.uni-‐hamburg.de/timbuktu/timbuktu_e.html (March 28, 2019) English, Charlie: The Storied City: The Quest for Timbuktu and the Fantastic Mission to save its Past. New York: Riverhead Books, 2017 Human Development Index: http://hdr.undp.org/en/data (March 28, 2019) Hunwick, J.O., “Timbuktu”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Consulted online on 24 March 2019 ; First published online: 2012; First print edition: ISBN: 9789004161214, 1960-‐2007. Saad, Elias N.: Social history of Timbuktu: the role of Muslim scholars and notables 1400-‐ 1900. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983 Unesco World Heritage: Timbuktu. https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/119 (March 27, 2019) UNESCO World Heritage Centre-‐State of Conservation: Timbuktu (Mali) 1990: https://whc.UNESCO.org/en/soc/1619 (accessed: April 5, 2019) UNESCO World Heritage Centre-‐State of Conservation: Timbuktu (Mali) 1994: https://whc.UNESCO.org/en/soc/1800 (accessed: April 5, 2019) UNESCO World Heritage Centre-‐State of Conservation: Timbuktu (Mali) 1995: https://whc.UNESCO.org/en/soc/2019 (accessed: April 5, 2019) UNESCO World Heritage Centre-‐State of Conservation: Timbuktu (Mali) 1997: https://whc.UNESCO.org/en/soc/2113 (accessed: April 5, 2019) UNESCO World Heritage Centre-‐State of Conservation: Timbuktu (Mali) 2003: https://whc.UNESCO.org/en/soc/2680 (accessed: April 5, 2019) UNESCO World Heritage Centre-‐State of Conservation: Timbuktu (Mali) 2004: https://whc.UNESCO.org/en/soc/1376 (accessed: April 5, 2019) UNESCO World Heritage Centre-‐State of Conservation: Timbuktu (Mali) 2005: https://whc.UNESCO.org/en/soc/1243 (accessed: April 5, 2019) UNESCO World Heritage Centre-‐State of Conservation: Timbuktu (Mali) 2006: https://whc.UNESCO.org/en/soc/1161 (accessed: April 5, 2019) UNESCO World Heritage Centre-‐State of Conservation: Timbuktu (Mali) 2007: https://whc.UNESCO.org/en/soc/1004 (accessed: April 5, 2019) UNESCO World Heritage Centre-‐State of Conservation: Timbuktu (Mali) 2008: https://whc.UNESCO.org/en/soc/928 (accessed: April 5, 2019) UNESCO World Heritage Centre-‐State of Conservation: Timbuktu (Mali) 2009: https://whc.UNESCO.org/en/soc/747 (accessed: April 5, 2019)
Page 1 and 2: Timbuktu and Premodern Tradition
Page 3 and 4: Figure 3: Location of the thre
Page 5 and 6: delineation of quarters. For Ti
Page 7: management of the building site

Timbuktu

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