Timbuktu
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Figure 7: Rehabilitation of the mausoleums in <strong>Timbuktu</strong> destroyed by jihadists during the <br />
occupation of the northern regions of Mali. Program Implemented by UNESCO and its <br />
partners as the Minister of Culture of Mali and MINUSMA. <strong>Timbuktu</strong>, April 15, 2015. Photo: <br />
MINUSMA/Harandane. https://www.flickr.com/photos/minusma/17389128385 (accessed: <br />
April 5, 2019) <br />
2. After the war <br />
All strategies that had been used before the attack by UNESCO and other sponsors such <br />
as the Mellon foundation were geared towards making the heritage publicly accessible. In <br />
and after the war, from 2012, the strategies were much more about keeping the manuscript <br />
storing places a secret and not put too much public attention on the armed conflicts. <br />
UNESCO inscribed the <strong>Timbuktu</strong> Heritage Site yet again in their List of World Heritage in <br />
Danger, this time danger of destruction through occupation of the site by armed groups, <br />
absence of management, and the destructions of the mausoleums that had already <br />
happened. (https://whc.UNESCO.org/en/soc/1865). <strong>Timbuktu</strong> suffered another armed <br />
conflict, with the destruction of 15 of the 16 mausoleums , as reported on 18 February 2015 <br />
by the State Party. <br />
Different from before the war and very fortunately for the site, this time national and <br />
international sponsors pulled together to work on restoration and reconstruction strategies. <br />
(https://whc.UNESCO.org/en/soc/3218). And the state of deterioration created now for <br />
the first time a collaboration offered by UNESCO to rehabilitate four private ancient <br />
manuscripts libraries (that were in existence before the war, but never mentioned). In 2016, <br />
fourteen of the 16 mausoleums were rebuilt, and several of the private libraries restored. <br />
The most recent report of 2018 was very positive: most of the war damage could be <br />
restored, and the local, state and UNESCO officials were finally able to put a 2018-‐2022 <br />
Management and Conservation Plan in action, a meta-‐plan for the whole of <strong>Timbuktu</strong> and its <br />
heritage. We note that in the face of war, they have learned to work together. The Ahmed <br />
Baba Heritage Institute and its many manuscripts is included in this new collaboration. While
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