ARISTOTLE AND THE EARLIER PERIPATETICS vol.I by Eduard Zeller, B.F.C.Costelloe 1897

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1 This . courses : ARISTOTLE'S WAITINGS 119 exoteric and the scientific treatises, 1 and by the terms t are used in describing the former. 2 It is not to be ler's doctrinal discussions nor is strictly scientific writings iggested not only by the delation ^|a>T. \6yoi, but also the koX (/cal vich t. ef. ^.), vhich the e|wt. h&yot are dis- ;uished from other not exoa \6yoi. Still more clearly 3 this appear from Eudemus, :n the latter, probably rememng this passage, in Eth. i. 8, 7, b, 22 says likewise of the is : hriaKeirrai 5e ttoWoIs irepl tv Tp6lTOlS KCfX iv TOLS 4£(IITeptlCO?S jis Kal ev toIs KaTot
122 ARISTOTLE ARISTOTLE'S WHITINGS 121 difficulty, the reasons are to be found anywhere rather than in the writer's intention. Besides, it is obvious that any such theory attributes to the philosopher a very childish sort of mystification, wholly destitute of any reasonable motive. It does seem, however, to be true that it was only a portion of his writings which Aristotle published, in the sense of making express provision for their dissemination to a wide circle of general readers. more closely connected with his oral Others which were teaching seem to have been designed primarily for the use of his scholars as classbooks. 1 It was in the case of the former only that he took pains to cultivate that eloquence and artistic completeness and that popular style of exposition for which his ' exoteric ' works were famous. The sole aim of the second set of texts was scientific investigation for its own sake, and they were therefore distinguished by a stricter logic and a less artistic dress. ' It seems that of the former class by far the greater part, if not the whole, consisted of those writings which Aristotle wrote before the opening of the Peripatetic School at Athens, and chiefly while he was still one of the Platonic circle : all of which nothing remains but a few fragments. 2 1 But without our having to tion the 4%u>Tepucol \6yot, I could suppose that they were forbidden everywhere translate that phrase to communicate them to others. as meaning such discussions as 2 ' In this sense', says Prof, do not belong to the sphere of of On Zeller, ' I had already expressed the inquiry actually under inmyself in the second edition, vestigation. (Thus also Schwegp. 98, as to the probable state of leb, Gesch. d.griech. Phil. 194.) facts with regard to the distinc- I have now rejected this opition between exoteric and eso- nion, and think that the general teric writings. On the other meaning of Qarepticbs, to dehand, I then believed that, in the signate something external, or re- Aristotelian passages which men- lating to the external, is more such a theory there may have been a great difference in form between the ' exoteric ' and the ' acroatic ' texts, appropriate. It follows that even in the combination i^arepiKol \6- yot this expression will apply not only to such discussions as lie outside a specified subject (as p. 115, n. 1), or are concerned only with what is external to it (p. 115, n. 2), but also to such as are current outside a particular circle (p. 115, n. 3), or such as. are intended for outsiders (p. 115, n. 4). According as we begin from this or that passage in Aristotle, and extend the meaning of the expression in that particular passage to all the other cases, we get this or that rendering of the 4£a>r. \6yoi. This is the explanation of the fact that even now there are the most diverse opinions on the matter. Of these, the farthest removed from the explanation which has prevailed since the .time of Andronicus, which understands by this expression a particular class of Aristotelian writings, is the supposition of Madvig (Exc. vii. on CiC. Be Fin.), Prantl (Arist. Phyiih, p. 501, 32), Spbngbl (' Arist. Studien,' Abh. d. bayr. Aliad. x. 181 sq.), Forchhamm'er (Arist. und die exoter. Reden, cf. particularly pp. 15, 64), and Susbmihl (PMlol. Am. v. 674 sq.), that only the conversations of non-philosophical circles are designated by the Qan. \6yoi. Bather nearer to it are Bavaisson (Metaph. d'Arist. i. 209 sq.) and Thttrot (Etudes sw Aristote, 209 sq.), who understand by them such dialectic discussions (in contradistinction to the strictly scientific), as proceed by arguments irpbs 561-a.v, occurring either in Aristotelian writings, or in the oral disputations of the school. These, in their view, may be called exoteric, either because they always have to deal with something foreign to the matter (cf. the £|o> and %aa \6yos, Anal. i. 10, 76, b, 24), or because they always treat the subject externally. Gkote (Aristotle, 63 sqq.) agrees with them, except that, besides the Aristotelian Dialogues and some extracts from the acroamatic works, he thinks conversations outside the school are referred to. In like manner (though with the exclusion of conversations outside the school) Ueberweg (ffeseh. d. Phil. i. 143, 5th ed.). Oncken (Staatsl. d. Arist. i. 43 sq.) refers the term to oral discussions, allied to the scientific lectures in which the 4^ut. \6yoi are mentioned, but of a different class from them. On the other hand Bitter ( Gesch. d. Phil. iii. 21 sqq.) holds more closely to the statements of the ancient writers about the two classes of Aristotelian pupils and writings, in assuming (p. 29) that all the strictly scientific works were only 'written by Aristotle as a help to his lectures and were only published, at a later period, by himself or his pupils, and perhaps at first only for the latter ; whereas the remaining writings (which are lost to us), were designed for the use of cultured persons and might, together with any corresponding lee tures, be called exoteric. A like position is held, in the main, by Bbrnats {Dial. d. Arist.), who by the exoteric discourses under-
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ARISTOTLE AEISTOTLE AND THE EAELIEE
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: LOGIC 249 matter are peculiar to
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say 266 ARISTOTLE LOGIC 265 • eve
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: : LOGIC 273 why the sciences are
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; . . METAPHYSICS 277 any object an
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— METAPHY^CS 297 determinations o
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egarded METAPHYSICS 413 • respect
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— ' — .: A. Pir¥sics CHAPTER V
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; PHYSICS 509 an impulse from witho
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y PHYSICS • 513 which are exhibit
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PHYSICS • 517 passive principles
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ARISTOTLE AND THE EARLIER PERIPATETICS vol.I by Eduard Zeller, B.F.C.Costelloe 1897

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