ARISTOTLE AND THE EARLIER PERIPATETICS vol.I by Eduard Zeller, B.F.C.Costelloe 1897

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THE LIFE OF ARIWOTLE 27
Parallel with this comprehensive and strenuous labour
as a writer went on his work as a teacher, since he now
at last began to compete with his great master on a
footing of equality as the founder of a new school.
The
open spaces of the Lyceum were the resort that he chose
for his hearers. 1 He was wont to converse with his
scholars as he walked up and down in
that gymnasium
between the rows- of trees; and from this custom his
school derived the name of the ' Peripatetics.' 2 For a
more numerous audience, however, he would naturally
have to adopt a different form of teaching. 3
in Categ. Schol. 35, a, 41 sq.
Ammon. in q. v. Porph. 25, 6
David, in Categ. 23, b, 42 sq.,
and p,13,n.3 svpra) ; with David,
Schol. in Ar. 20, b, 16; Simpl.
in Categ. 1 fin. That this derivation
is correct rather than the
opposite view of Suidas (s. v.
'Ap. and Sai/cparijs) and Hesych.,
which derives the name from
the Tlspiiraros of the Lyceum as
the meeting-place of the school
is proved, first, by the form of
the word, which can be derived
only from the verb, and also by
the fact that the word UeplTaros
in the earliest times was not
confined to the Aristotelians (v.
p. 13, n. 3) ; though later it was
Therefore,
It was a" gymnasium connected
so limited, and they were called
1
with a temple of Apollo ol 4k (or cwrb) rod irepnrdrov (or
Lykeios, and lay in one of the oi ix TUVTepnrdTwji, STEABO, xiii.
suburbs (cf. Sum Habpocea- 1,54), as the other schools were
TiON.and Schol. in Aristoph. Pac. called ol avb ttjs 'A/caS^ias, or
v. 352.
oi curb ttjs aroas (v. SEXT. Pyrrh.
2
Hebmippus ap. Diog. 2, iii. 181 ; Math. vii. 331, 369
etc.; Cic. Acad. i. 4, 17; Gell. xi. 45, etc.).
N. A. xx. 5, 5 Diog. ; i. 17 3
Gell.
j
ut svpra, says that
Galen. H. phil. c. 3 Philop. Aristotle gave two kinds of instruction
; in q. v. Schol. in Ar. ii. b, 23 (cf.
: the exoteric and the
; acroamatic. The former related
to Rhetoric, and the latter to
' Philosophia remotior '
( = Metaphysics)
with Physics and Dialectic.
The acroamatic instruction,
which was intended only
for those who were tried and
well prepared, occupied the morning;
the exoteric lectures, to
which the public was admitted
the afternoon (cf . Qtjintil. iii. 1,
14, pomeridianis scholis Ar.
prascipere artem oratoriam ccepit).
The former was called the Iw-
utroque enim tempore am-
Qivbs, the latter the $et\ivbs irepiira-ror
:
bulant disserebat. It is impossible,
however, to address a large
audience walking ; therefore
28 ARISTOTLE
as had already happened more or less with Plato, the
Socratic fashion of the dialogue had to give place to that
of a continuous lecture, whenever he was dealing either
with a large number of scholars or with subjects in which
there was something essentially new in form and matter
to be explained or some inquiry to be carried through
with scientific accuracy of detail. On 1
the other hand,
wherever these difficulties did not arise, he did no doubt
retain the habit of philosophic dialogue with his friends
as an alternative method. 2 In addition to his philosophical
teaching he appears also to have revived his
earlier school of Ehetoric, 3 in connection with which
there were exercises in oratory. 4 It is this, and not
Diog. (3) is doubtless more correct,
iireiBty 8e ir\eiovs iy4vovTO
tfSyj teal ilcdBiffev.
1
Such lectures must be meant
when Abistox. (Harm, elem. p.
30) says that Aristotle in his
teaching indicated the objects
and method of his inquiry before
giving the development of individual
points. It is, as will be
seen, probable as to many of the
Aristotelian writings that they
were either made up from notes
of lectures, or intended as pre-
•paratory notes for lectures ; and
at the end of the Topica Aristotle
directly addresses his audience
(Soph. El. 3ifin.).
2
This appears partly from
the nature of the case, since
Aristotle had among his hearers
ripe and notable men like Theophrastus;
partly from the fact
that at least in earlier years he
used the form of dialogue even
in his writings
;
partly from the
fashion of peripatetic teaching,
which supposes conversation : cf
Diog. iv. 10, speaking of Polemo
aK\a fiSiv oiie Ka0t(iov t?A.6ye vpbs
t&s 0«reis, ipaal, irepiirar&v Be eirexefyx-i.
The continuous lecture
on a definite theme is expressed
by irpbs Beam \4yeiv ; a more cursory
treatment by eVixefpeu/ (cf
following notes).
3 Diog. (3) is not a good
witness, since what he appears
to state of Aristotle's later time
seems to be taken from a source
relating to the earlier period of
contest with Isocrates (cf. p. 17,
n. 3). It is probable, however,
from Aristotle's RJietoric
itself that in the oral philosophic
teaching rhetoric was not forgotten,
and Gbll., ut supra,
speaks expressly of rhetorical
teaching in the Lyceum.
4
Diog. 3 : k«1 jrpij Hatv