348 <strong>ARISTOTLE</strong> METAPHYSICS 347 « without any kind of actual existence. between which, all Change and Becoming 1 If conversely moves. 1 If we take an object and abstract from it everything we abstract in any given case from all that a given that is merely rudimentary and only on its way object is about for the first time to become, we shall to completion, if we think of the end of its growth have a definite Matter which is in want of a definite as fully attained, we obtain the pure and complete realisation of its conception, to which nothing Form, and is consequently as yet only capable of receiving it. If we abstract entirely from anything which is formless, no matter that is still unformed, any longer a product of Becoming—that is to say, if we think to attaches. The Form, or intelligible essence of a thing, ourselves a kind of object which Las not as yet become corresponds with its perfect realisation, and Form in anything, then we shall have pure Matter without any general with Actuality. determination <strong>by</strong> Form. This will be that which 2 Just as a statue is contained is only potentially in the unwrought material, and comes nothing, but can become everything—the Subject, into actual existence only through the Form which namely, or substratum to which no one of all the the artist thinkable predicates belongs, but which communicates to the material, Aristotle underprecisely on that account is equally receptive of them all. In other words, it is that which is all in Possibility From this second meaning of man is to Kara/ifo"*- Metaj/Ji. v. and nothing in Actuality : it is purely potential Being, 2 Sivajiis we have Aristotle's application of it to the material in 1045, b, 17, c. 4, 1044, a, 15, 34, 4, 1015, a, 7, c. 24 hut., viii. 6, which a determinate power b, 1, ix. 7, 1049, a, 24. Some resides, as in Pait. An. ii. ], verbal confusion is caused <strong>by</strong> thing as it passes from possibility seemed to presuppose it, is clear 646, a, 14 sq., where moist and the fact that the expression to actuality, cf. Phys. ii. 3, 195, also from the statement that dry, warm and cold substances, TrptiSTT) u'Ai) is applied equally to b, 3, viii. 4, 255, a, 33 ; De An. nothing to which becoming ' ' is Gen. An. i. 18, 725, b, 14, where matter which is absolutely, and ii. 5, 417, a, 21 sq. ; Gen. An. ii. inapplicable can be said to have a certain liquids, Meteor, ii. 3, 359, to matter which is only relativelj', first (to the oAws Ttp&rq 1, 735, a, 9 ; bat even here it matter ; Metaj)h. viii. 5, 1044, b, 12, where salts and alkalis, can always be shown that a. b, 27: oiSh iravrds S\rj eVrli/ itt' De tiensu, 5, 444, a, 1, where and to the irp&s avTd irpi&rti SA77) thing is Bvvdpet only ; in so far as otruj/ -ysveffis etrri koX yuerajSoX^ els fragrant scents are called Suvo- see Metapli. v. it has the ifAr; in itself. Although, &\\ri\a. 8
; METAPHYSICS .349 stands <strong>by</strong> Potentiality in general Being as mere susceptibility— indeterminate, undeveloped self-existence, capable, indeed, of becoming a definite reality, but not yet made into one. By Actuality, on the other hand, he means the same being considered as a developed totality or Being which has wrought out all that it contains into full existence. When accordingly he identifies Form with actual, Matter with potential, being, he means to say that the former is the totality of the qualities which the latter does not possess but is capable of acquiring. 1 Matter as such, the so-called wpmrr) #A.?7, 2 is without form or definite character, being j ust that which precedes all Becoming and all formation the centre of indifference to all opposites and definite qualities ; the substratum which as yet possesses none of the qualities that make the Form of things. 3 ' Metapk. is. G, 1048, a. 30 : &>i yap irpbs aySpiayra xoAkjs ?) eari 8' rj tvepyeia rb virapxeiv rb irpbs KX'wt\y £iAov % irpbs ray &XXa>v TTpayfjia fxi] o'jrws ftffirep Xeyop.tv n rav ^x^vruy fiopip^v i) 8Xr] Kal oovtip.ei. Xlyop.zv 5e Suydpei oXoy rb ttpoptpov e^ei irply XafStiv rijv kv rtp \\iXy 'EpfiTJv Kal 4v Tjj oXrf fj.op
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