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ARISTOTLE AND THE EARLIER PERIPATETICS vol.I by Eduard Zeller, B.F.C.Costelloe 1897

MACEDONIA is GREECE and will always be GREECE- (if they are desperate to steal a name, Monkeydonkeys suits them just fine) ΚΑΤΩ ΤΟ ΠΡΟΔΟΤΙΚΟ "ΣΥΝΤΑΓΜΑΤΙΚΟ ΤΟΞΟ"!!! Strabo – “Geography” “There remain of Europe, first, Macedonia and the parts of Thrace that are contiguous to it and extend as far as Byzantium; secondly, Greece; and thirdly, the islands that are close by. Macedonia, of course, is a part of Greece, yet now, since I am following the nature and shape of the places geographically, I have decided to classify it apart from the rest of Greece and to join it with that part of Thrace which borders on it and extends as far as the mouth of the Euxine and the Propontis. Then, a little further on, Strabo mentions Cypsela and the Hebrus River, and also describes a sort of parallelogram in which the whole of Macedonia lies.” (Strab. 7.fragments.9) ΚΚΕ, ΚΝΕ, ΟΝΝΕΔ, ΑΓΟΡΑ,ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ,ΝΕΑ,ΦΩΝΗ,ΦΕΚ,ΝΟΜΟΣ,LIFO,MACEDONIA, ALEXANDER, GREECE,IKEA

MACEDONIA is GREECE and will always be GREECE- (if they are desperate to steal a name, Monkeydonkeys suits them just fine)

ΚΑΤΩ ΤΟ ΠΡΟΔΟΤΙΚΟ "ΣΥΝΤΑΓΜΑΤΙΚΟ ΤΟΞΟ"!!!

Strabo – “Geography”
“There remain of Europe, first, Macedonia and the parts of Thrace that are contiguous to it and extend as far as Byzantium; secondly, Greece; and thirdly, the islands that are close by. Macedonia, of course, is a part of Greece, yet now, since I am following the nature and shape of the places geographically, I have decided to classify it apart from the rest of Greece and to join it with that part of Thrace which borders on it and extends as far as the mouth of the Euxine and the Propontis. Then, a little further on, Strabo mentions Cypsela and the Hebrus River, and also describes a sort of parallelogram in which the whole of Macedonia lies.”
(Strab. 7.fragments.9)

ΚΚΕ, ΚΝΕ, ΟΝΝΕΔ, ΑΓΟΡΑ,ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ,ΝΕΑ,ΦΩΝΗ,ΦΕΚ,ΝΟΜΟΣ,LIFO,MACEDONIA, ALEXANDER, GREECE,IKEA

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;<br />

;:<br />

at all, 1<br />

METAPHYSICS 305<br />

and that in the theory of the pores and effluxes<br />

an explanation of the mutual influence of bodies is<br />

put forward which would logically lead to absolute<br />

Atomism. 2 The two 'causes of motion' in the Empedoclean<br />

system he considers not to be properly deduced<br />

from first principles nor to be sufficiently distinguished,<br />

since Love not only unites but also divides, and Hate not<br />

only divides but also unites<br />

no laws of their<br />

3<br />

and he remarks that since<br />

working are laid down, an inordinate<br />

scope is left, in the fashioning of the world, to Chance. 4<br />

He holds the assumption of alternating states of the<br />

world to be arbitrary and untenable, 5 and the theory of the<br />

composition of the soul out of the elements to be beset<br />

with difficulties of all kinds. 6<br />

Finally, Aristotle believes<br />

that the philosophy of Empedocles would lead in the end<br />

to a sensationalism whioh would make all truth uncertain. 7<br />

The criticisms on the Atomic theory are of a similar<br />

kind. Aristotle admits that the theory has a very<br />

plausible basis. If we start from the Eleatic presuppositions,<br />

and if we desire nevertheless to save the ideas<br />

of the manifold and of movement, then an Atomic<br />

theory is the most convenient way of escape. So if we<br />

think it an impossibility to suppose bodies to be actually<br />

divisible ad infinitum, the only alternative seems to<br />

in the assumption of indivisible atoms as their ultimate<br />

1<br />

Be Casio, iv. 2, 309, a , 19. Part. An. i. 1, 640, », 19 ; Phys.<br />

2<br />

Gen. et Corr. i. 8; cf. viii. 1, 252, a, 4.<br />

5<br />

Zellee, Pit. d. Gr. parti. 6J5, Phys. viii. 1,251, b, 28 sqq.<br />

3. Be Casio, i. 10, 280, a, 11 ; Metaph.<br />

3<br />

See Zellee, Ph. d. Gr. pt. i. iii. 4, 1000, b, 12.<br />

698, 2, and Metaph. iii. 8, 98fi,<br />

6<br />

Be An. i. 5, 409, b, 23-410,<br />

a, 25. b, 27 ; Metaph. iii. 4, 1000, b, 3.<br />

4<br />

Gen. et Corr. ii. 6, 333, b, 2 ' Metaph. iv. 5. 1009, b, 12<br />

sqq. (cf. Zellee, ibid. 703, 1) ;<br />

cf. Zellee, ibid. 727, 1.<br />

VOL. I.<br />

X<br />

lie<br />

306 <strong>ARISTOTLE</strong><br />

constituents. 1<br />

Aristotle, however, neither admits these<br />

Eleatic presuppositions, nor does he concede that the<br />

division of bodies can ever reach its limit, 2 or that the<br />

coming of definite things into being could be treated<br />

as a combination of minima, or their passing out of<br />

existence as a resolution into atoms. 3<br />

hold that indivisible bodies<br />

Rather does he<br />

are impossible, since every<br />

fixed quantity can be divided into fixed quantities, which<br />

again must be divisible. 4 He says that atoms which are<br />

neither qualitatively distinguished nor capable of acting<br />

on each other could not explain the different qualities<br />

and the interaction of bodies or the passage of the<br />

elements into one another or the processes of becoming<br />

and change. 5 The theory that the atoms are infinite in<br />

number and kind is also rejected, because the phenomena<br />

can be explained without this hypothesis, since all<br />

differences of quality or of form are reducible to certain<br />

fundamental types, and since the situation and<br />

movement of the elements in nature are also limited<br />

<strong>by</strong> number; and it is Aristotle's view that a limited<br />

number of original entities is always to be preferred to<br />

an infinity of them, because the limited is better than<br />

the limitless. 6 The assumption of empty space, so far<br />

1<br />

Gen. et Corr. i. 8, 324, b, 35 ' Phys. vi. 1 ; Be Coilo, iii. 4,<br />

sqq. c. 2, 316, a, 13 sqq.; cf. 303, a, 20.<br />

5<br />

Zbllkb, Hid. 764 sqq. Gen. et Corr. i. 8, 325, b, 34<br />

2<br />

Gen. et Corr. i. 2, 317, a, 1 sqq. c. 9, 327, a, 14; Be Coelo, iii.<br />

sqq. But Aristotle expresses 4, 303, a, 24 ; ibid. c. 7, c. 8, 306,<br />

himself more exactly on this a, 22 sqq. We shall have more<br />

point, though without explicit to say on this subject later,<br />

reference to the Atomic theory, 6<br />

Be CmJo, iii. 4, 303, a, 17 sqq.<br />

in Phys. iii. 6 sq. 29 sqq. b, 4 ; cf. Phys. i. 4 Jin.<br />

3<br />

Gen. et Corr. i. 2, 317, a, viii. 6, 259, a, 8.<br />

17 sqq.

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