ARISTOTLE AND THE EARLIER PERIPATETICS vol.I by Eduard Zeller, B.F.C.Costelloe 1897

:
LOGIC 249
matter are peculiar to the particular science. 1 It is
only upon postulates which are proper to
a particular
department that he allows a binding demonstration to
be founded. 2 But these postulates are just as little
capable as the universal axioms of being deduced from
a higher law. 3 They must be supplied to us by our
knowledge of that particular object to which they
relate. 4 They are therefore matter of observation— of
experience. 5 How such an experience could come to
a^twfiara e£ uv irpurcav airoSeiKvvo'i,
real rpirov ra irddt] . . . rpla ravrd
eo'rt, irepl S re Selitvvo'i real a SelKvvfft
real e'| av. Metaph. iii. 2, 997, a,
8 : avajKi] jap ere rtvav eXvat teal
wept tl real rtvav rijv dir6Set%tv. In
ch. 6 he gives yevos inroKe('fkevov 3
iraflij, a^Liijxara in another order.
1
Anal. Post. i. 7, Bit. sv/pr. p.
245, n. 3, and Hid. c. 10, 76, a, 37 :
ecrt 8' S)v xpavrai ev rats airo-
SetKTiKais eirtffrijfiais to fiev IfSia
eKdffrrjS iirttrrij/xiis to Se KOtvd . . .
iSta fiev olov ypapfifyv elvat rotavSl
real rb evdb, notvd Se otov rb Xcra
airb Iffav av atpeKrt tin tea to Xottrd.
c. 32 init. : rds 8' aiiras apxas
dirdvrav elvat rav ffvWoytfffiav dS6-
yaToi/, and after this has been
proved at length he says at the
end : at yap ap%al Strral, e| av Te
real irepl 8 " at fjtev oZv e£ av Koival,
at Se irepl & XStat, olov api8p.bs,
peyeBos. More about the diro-
Semrutal opxol or the reoiva! 8 iri(rrT)iL7i
r) eKeivav Kvpla irdvrav. Gf. ch. 10,
cited p. 248, n. 3 supra.
4
Anal. Pr. i. 30, 46, a, 17
iStat Se Kaff eKdffrijv \_iirto'r , fifii]v']
at ir\ettrrat [dpxal rav trvWoyttTfiuv].
Sib rets fiev apxas rds
irepl eKatrrov ifiiretpias eo-rl irapa-
Sovvat. \4yte 5' olov rfyv dffrpoKoytK7}V
fj.ev ep/ireiplav rr)s ao'TpoAoytlcijs
eirtffTr)firis. KycpdivTav yap
tKavas tuv (patvofievwv ov'tws
evpe-
Bfitrav at atrTpoAo7treal a-jroSei^ets.
So in Hist. An. i. 7 init. : we have
first to describe, the peculiar properties
of animals, and then to
discuss their causes : oSrw yap
koto tpvtrtv earl irot^trBat ttiv fi48-
olSov, iirapxov'o'ris tt)s Itnoplas ttjs
irepl ereaiTToy irepl Srv re yap real
e| &v elvat Set ri\v air6Setl-iv, in
rovrav ylverat (pavepdv.
5
Cf . preceding note, and the
remark in Mil. vi. 9, 1142, a, 11
sqq., that young people can make
advances in the knowledge of
Mathematics, but not in Natural
History or the wisdom of life,
'6rt rd jiev [Mathematics] 8«' cupaipecreds
eertv [is an abstract
250 ARISTOTLE
pass, he does not further inquire.
Sense-perception he
treats as a simple datum, whose elements he does not
try to analyse. He even includes cases which are to
us merely judgments upon given materials, among what
he calls immediate certainties. 1 It is therefore impossible
to give a clear and sufficient account of the
faculties to which, according to him, we are indebted
for the immediate truths in question. 2
To enumerate the special presuppositions of all
the
various sciences is also obviously impossible. Even a
general view of the universal axioms is not to be found
science], t&v b" at opxa' ^1 ^ur«-
pias.
It is said in Eth. iii. 5, 1112,
1
b, 33, that practical reflection
(/SouAeuffir) is concerned with ra
Ka6' eKotTTa, oXov ei &pros tovto
•/) 7re7re7prai 5>s Set • aitr^cews
jkp ravra. Ibid. vi. 9, 1142, a,
23 sqq., Aristotle explains that,
in contradiction to hrurHuai,