The Bamboo and Rattan Sectors in Asia: an Analysis of ... - INBAR

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experience that seldom results in success. Moreover, forest rangers and guards seem to disregard the licences even when they are granted, demanding bribes. Therefore, people prefer to harvest bamboo illegally, removing it from the forest in small head loads at the risk of punishment (a 'fine'). Bamboo craft workers prefer the cultivated bamboo, which is straighter, has longer internodes and is easier to split and work with. Non-tribal people own most of the cultivated bamboo in the area (75%), though two of the four tribal groups in the area also cultivate some. There are three ways in which a craftsperson can get cultivated bamboo: 1. Small sales ---- up to five culms may be bought at one time. It is paid for in cash and transported by the craftsperson as a head load. The culms are selected by the buyer but cut and extracted by the owner of the stand. 2. Leasing a stand ---- a craftsperson may take a bamboo stand on annual lease, paying rent in installments. Small quantities of bamboo are extracted as needed by the craftsperson. The bamboo is transported as head load or by bullock cart. This mechanism tends to result in lower prices per culm, and stand owners are reluctant to enter into such lease agreements as they fear reduced future yields from improper harvesting. 3. Large sales ---- there are about 20 tribal villages that specialize in bamboo crafts. They require large supplies on a regular basis. For example, a village of 125 families consumes three truckloads (800 culms per load) every week. Having exhausted resources in their locality, they are forced to transport raw material from long distances, and many purchase two-three truckloads at a time. Tribal people, especially the Thakurs (95%), do most bamboo work. Every Thakur family has at least one member who is familiar with bamboo work, which is mostly done around the house, in courtyards or verandahs. The artisans and the users typically live within the same general vicinity. Bamboo works is done during lean periods in the agricultural season and whenever time permits. The products are mainly for household use or barter with neighbors. Surplus products are bartered or sold in the market. Most craft workers are 45-70 years of age, the women and the younger men having many other more pressing occupations. Younger people are less interested in taking up bamboo crafts. Other occupations include farming, which takes up about 50% of peoples' time on average, and hunting and gathering. Bamboo craft takes up 20% their time, and generates about 8% of the total income, plus substantial unquantified utility value. Bamboo products include the very important fish traps and weirs, a wide variety of baskets and containers, and bows and arrows. Bamboo is also an important material in building houses, animal sheds and fences, and bullock carts. Simple tools ---- a machete and perhaps a small chisel ---- and technology are employed. Bamboo baskets 17
and storage containers are sometimes protected against borers and fungus using a thin coat of cow dung plaster. Some decoration is done using dyes (turmeric, yellow earth or flowers are used) or by selective burning. .......... ➤ Consumer Marketing Manufacturing Semi-Processing Wholesale Regional Trader Local Trader Post Harvest Treatment Raw Material Production Low Capital Intensity ➤ High ➤ Indicates Tranformation in Ownership Indicates Transformation Point Indicates Vertical Integration Fig. 2: The Karjat bamboo PCS There are four main avenues for trading bamboo products: (1) informal village sales; (2) town market; (3) annual fairs; and (4) transit markets. Every village has at least one skilled bamboo craft worker who supplies most of the bamboo items needed in the village. Some villagers may travel up to 10 km to order products from especially skilled craft workers. Articles are usually made to order, and paid for in cash or kind. A craft worker may purchase the bamboo to be used or the customer may supply it. Only surplus goods are taken to the town market, and this usually happens only when there is more than one craft worker in a village. 18
Page 1 and 2: The Bamboo and Rattan Sectors in As
Page 3 and 4: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This assessment wo
Page 5 and 6: FOREWORD A review of the bamboo and
Page 7 and 8: that would be useful and applicable
Page 9 and 10: 2 DATABASE STUDIES One of the first
Page 11 and 12: The study in Indonesia produced two
Page 13 and 14: and opportunities throughout the sy
Page 15 and 16: information sharing, to consolidate
Page 17 and 18: amboo products. There are tradition
Page 19 and 20: egular clients and relatives. Brahm
Page 21: utilization plan. Forest Department
Page 25 and 26: There also appears to be scope to r
Page 27 and 28: and many districts in other parts o
Page 29 and 30: Constraints and opportunities This
Page 31 and 32: The PCS The main market participant
Page 33 and 34: A large amount of bamboo also 'leak
Page 35 and 36: entrepreneur as the key agent and p
Page 37 and 38: Many of the small bamboo stands are
Page 39 and 40: Plantation development The authors
Page 41 and 42: households to be managed as family
Page 43 and 44: Products such as several kinds of m
Page 45 and 46: Currently, rattan produced in Laos
Page 47 and 48: The villagers go to the forest for
Page 49 and 50: Constraints and opportunities There
Page 51 and 52: ● Provincial traders ● Semi-pro
Page 53 and 54: For example, rattan cutting permits
Page 55 and 56: Recommendations include: 1. Develop
Page 57 and 58: .......... ➤ Consumer Marketing M
Page 59 and 60: Laborers in the semi-processing fac
Page 61 and 62: and reduced transaction costs downs
Page 63 and 64: Rattan farmers grow rattan as one o
Page 65 and 66: Rattan is sold by weight in Indones
Page 67 and 68: Rattan in Java, Indonesia: a Case S
Page 69 and 70: 1. Scarcity of daily workers; 2. Li
Page 71 and 72: aw material, trading of raw materia
Page 73 and 74:
4 DISCUSSION The studies, carried o
Page 75 and 76:
that they might be able to get for
Page 77 and 78:
trend is the increasing use of subs
Page 79 and 80:
to do replacement planting, and the
Page 81 and 82:
Technical Issues While the SE progr
Page 83 and 84:
● The issue of property rights al
Page 85 and 86:
technology development and farmer-m
Page 87 and 88:
Policy Constraints Studies have ide
Page 89:
BIBLIOGRAPHY Anonymous. 1996. Value
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