Maximum Yield Cannabis | USA Edition | Vol. 02 Issue 01 2019

EXPAND YOUR CONSCIOUSNESS WITH MARIJUANA! 

CULTIVATING A HEALTHY LIFE FOR YOU AND YOUR PLANTS 

4Expert Tips for Rookie 

GROWERS 

High Quality Bud in Bubblers: 

SECRETS OF THE PROS! 

Growing Weed is Easy in 

RAISED GARDEN BEDS 

How to Read CBD 

PRODUCT LABELS 

Set Up Your Own 

SCREEN OF GREEN 

What is the Terpene-Mineral 

CONNECTION? 

Everything You Need to Know About 

The ESSENTIAL NUTRIENTS for 

GROWING 

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Features 

20 

26 

Essential Nutrients for Growing Cannabis 

by Chris Bond 

Cannabis plants require certain essential nutrients to grow healthy, 

strong, and productive. Chris Bond identifies these nutrients, how 

many are needed, and their role in development so you can grow 

the most fruitful cannabis plants. 

Expanding Consciousness with Cannabis, 

Meditation, and Yoga 

by Jessica Zimmer 

A combination of cannabis, yoga, and meditation can reduce stress 

and increase positive thought and movement. Jessica Zimmer looks 

at how these three elements work together to enhance spirituality. 

6 

Maximum Yield

Contents 

First Feed 

10 From the Editor 

12 Bare Roots 

14 Branching Out 

16 Ask a Grower 

18 Good to Grow 

58 Stash Box 

Chronicals 

32 Cut and Dried 

48 Ask a Nurse 

73 Baking a Fool of Myself 

Grow Cycle 

34 Four Expert Tips for Rookie Growers 

42 How Minerals and Light Affect Terpene Production 

44 How to Set Up a SCROG Cannabis Grow 

50 Cannabis Strains to Avoid if You Need Sleep 

54 How to Read CBD Product Labels 

60 The Art of Growing Cannabis in Bubblers 

66 How to Grow Marijuana Outdoors 

in Raised Gardens 

68 Dakine 420 

8 


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Whatever edibles legislation looks like in Canada 

and legal US states moving forward, edibles are 

going to play a large roll in society.” 

from the 

EDITOR 

TG 

Toby Gorman 

While many North American 

jurisdictions bask in the glow 

of medical and adult use cannabis 

legalization from 2018, the next wave of 

cannabis legislation — edibles — will have 

a much broader reach. 

A recent Canadian study by Deloitte says 

that six out of 10 Canadian cannabis customers 

would choose edibles over smokables, 

a large percentage of them being over the 

age of 45. Canada legalized recreational 

marijuana nationwide in October 2018 and 

is expected to pass legislation for cannabis 

edibles in October 2019. 

Colorado already has legislation in place 

after learning the hard way with numerous 

accounts of intoxicated children ending 

up in emergency rooms after unknowingly 

eating edibles. Colorado lawmakers 

responded by limiting edible servings to 

just 10 milligrams of THC. Health Canada’s 

restrictions on dosing are not yet available, 

but it’s currently not uncommon to find 

products like cookies available for sale 

with as much as 200 milligrams of THC. 

Whatever edibles legislation looks like in 

Canada and legal US states moving forward, 

edibles are going to play a large roll in society. 

With that in mind, in this month’s issue of 

Maximum Yield Cannabis, 420 cover girl and 

influencer Watermelon serves up her 25 years of 

experience baking with cannabis, sharing her 

secrets so others can make healthy, safe, and 

delicious edibles. In her regular column “Baking 

a Fool of Myself” on page 73, Watermelon 

provides insight on sourcing the best weed, 

measuring dosage, shelf life, and other things to 

consider when making your own edibles. 

“Let’s face it, cannabis is expensive. Making 

edibles that have a long shelf life will protect 

against waste,” says Watermelon. “I prefer 

recipes that improve with age like rum balls or 

ginger snaps and avoid things like pastries and 

puddings that may not all be eaten right away.” 

However you prefer your edibles — sweet, 

savoury, pastries, or even in beverages — 

proper culinary preparation will go a long 

way in helping people enjoy this new and 

legal wave of cannabis. 

10 


are 

ROOTS 

Featured Contributors 

CB 

Chris Bond’s research interests 

are with sustainable agriculture, 

biological pest control, and 

alternative growing methods. He is 

a certified permaculture designer 

and certified nursery technician 

in Ohio and a certified nursery 

professional in New York, where he 

got his start in growing. 

Contributors 

JZ 

Jessica Zimmer is a California, 

Florida, and New York-licensed 

attorney and reporter based in 

Sonoma County, California. She 

has a background in cannabis 

defense. One of her primary 

interests regarding cannabis is 

understanding its medical uses. 

VOLUME 2 NUMBER 2 

March/April 2019 

Maximum Yield Cannabis is published monthly by 

Maximum Yield Inc. No part of this magazine may be 

reproduced without permission from the publisher. If undeliverable 

please return to the address below. The views 

expressed by columnists are personal opinions and do not 

necessarily reflect those of Maximum Yield or the editor. 

Publication Agreement Number 40739092 

Printed in Canada 

2339 A Delinea Place, Nanaimo, BC V9T 5L9 

Phone: 250.729.2677; Fax 250.729.2687 

+ 

Kasey Craig 

August Dunning 

Wiley Geren 

Kent Gruetzmacher 

Rich Hamilton 

Kyle Ladenburger 

Karen Lloyd 

Joy Smith 

Eloise Theisen 

Watermelon 

CANNABIDIOLS (CBDs) 

Maximum Yield Cannabis is now 

available on magazine stands 

across the USA! 

Maximum Yield Cannabis is 

distributed direct to retailers, 

medical clinics, and dispensaries with 

distribution support from our partners: 

Great Lakes Garden Wholesale 

greatlakesgardenwholesale.com 

Grow Green Michigan 

growgreenmi.com 

Maximum Yield Cannabis will be at: 

CannaCon Seattle 

January 31 — February 2, 2019 

Washington State Convention Center 

Seattle, WA 

Cannabinoids are the chemical compounds of cannabis that have an effect on 

the human body when the plant is consumed. The human body has cannabinoid 

receptors that help the compounds produce many effects, including pain relief, 

euphoria, and appetite. There are between 85 and 113 known and suspected 

cannabinoids present in cannabis, each having various effects on the body. 

Cannabinoids are separated by various subclasses, including cannabigerols (CBGs), 

Cannabichromenes (CBCs), Cannabidiols (CBDs), tetrahydrocannabinols (THCs), 

Cannabinol (CBN), cannabinodiol (CBDL), cannabicyclol (CBL), cannabielsoin (CBE), 

cannabitriol (CBT), and other types in small amounts. 

The most abundant cannabinoid is CBD, which is believed to have anti-anxiety 

effects as well as long term pain management. CBDs are not known to produce any 

psychological effects at all, whereas THC, CBN, CBDL and some other cannabinoids 

produce some psychological effects, to varying degrees and intensities. CBDs are 

easily separated from the full cannabinoid spectrum and are thus experienceing 

widespread legalization across the globe as their healing effects and lack of “high” 

have become more widely accepted. 

Check out Joy Smith’s article on reading CBD product labels on page 54. 

12 


anching 

OUT 

@eden_hope_garden 

Love this. Has helped us out a lot when we were in our research phase. 

Now we have startup a company. Thank you!” 

Article Archives 

Can’t recall that great gardening 

recommendation from a few months 

ago? Look it up online. We have 

hundreds of indoor gardening articles 

available at maximumyield.com. 

Ask a Grower 

Stumped by something strange 

happening in your garden? Fill out 

our Ask a Grower form and we will 

find you answers. 

Free Digital Subscriptions 

Sign up for our free digital subscription 

and you will receive Maximum Yield 

Cannabis to your inbox every other 

month. You will also receive a monthly 

digital newsletter so you can be the 

first to know what’s happening in 

the industry. Prefer the print version 

of the magazine? Use your digital 

subscriptions as notifications for 

when a new issue is available at your 

local grow shop. Sign up online 

at maximumyield.com/subscribe. 

@sweet_potato_highs 

Always #learning. Even while #supporting mine. 

@ 

Your website gave me the courage to start 

growing! Love you guys, keep it up. 

@ 

Thank you for a very informative magazine. 

After my back surgery Cannabis has help 

me get back up and to live a somewhat 

normal life again. 

Do you want to be featured? 

Send your email or post to: 

@ 

You helped me up my production last 

summer I was able to feed 900+ homeless 

out of a 20th of an acre. 

editor@maximumyield.com 

@maximumyield 

@max_yield 

@maximumyield 

@maximumyield 

maximumyield 

14 


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DO YOU HAVE A QUESTION FOR A GROWER? Email editor@maximumyield.com to get an answer. 

ask a 

GROWER 

Q 

a 

I’m about to grow Tangerine Dream from seed. I have a 2x4x6-foot tent with 

1,200W full spectrum LEDs. What should the air temperature and humidity be, 

and how far should my LEDs be in each stage? 

Thanks for helping this noob. 

Scott 

Dear Scott, 

Thank you for your question. When growing in a small 

enclosed area (like a grow tent), atmospheric conditions 

are a major concern. Since you are growing from seed, 

you will need to know the atmospheric conditions for 

each stage of cannabis growth. 

To begin, you will need to have your atmospheric conditions 

conducive to the seeding stage of growth. Typically, 

seedlings prefer a higher humidity (65-75 per cent) and a 

temperature range of 75-80°F. Instead of trying to maintain 

a high humidity in the entire grow tent, you may 

want to use a humidity dome with a seedling tray. Your 

LED light will work for this stage, but it should be placed 

far away from the seedlings, as it may be too intense for 

young seedlings. The grow lights should be on for 18 to 

24 hours a day. Many growers opt to use a small fluorescent 

lamp for this stage of growth. 

Once the seedlings have produced a few sets of true 

leaves (the leaves that look like actual cannabis leaves), 

they are ready to be treated as vegetative plants. The 

atmospheric conditions for the vegetative stage are 

similar to the seedling stage. The humidity range should 

be 55-65 per cent and the temperature should be kept 

between 70-75°F (assuming you are not supplementing 

CO 2, which would require a slightly higher operating 

temperature). At this stage, the artificial light source can 

be placed closer to the canopy as long as it is not causing 

any burning (bleached/white looking growth at the very 

top). If your LED lighting system allows you to tailor spectrums, 

this is the stage where a blue spectrum would be 

more applicable. The photoperiod, or “lights on,” should 

be set for 18 to 24 hours. 

Finally, once you are ready to initiate the flowering 

period (by reducing the photoperiod to 12 hours per day), 

you will need to watch the atmospheric conditions more 

closely. If possible, the humidity during the flowering 

stage should be kept below 55 per cent. Higher humidity 

in the flowering stage can lead to pathogenic molds 

and rots. The temperature in the flowering stage should 

stay in the 70-75°F range (again, assuming you are not 

supplementing CO 2). It is also important to make sure 

the “lights off” temperature does not vary more than 

10 degrees from the “lights on” temperature. A large 

temperature swing from “night” to “day” can cause 

spikes in humidity. In this stage, your LEDs should 

be hung as close to the plant canopy as possible 

(without causing damage to the plants). Light radiation 

diminishes exponentially, so the closer you can have 

the lighting system to the plants, the more usable light 

energy is available for photosynthesis. If your LED 

lighting system allows you to tailor spectrums, this is the 

stage where a red spectrum would be more applicable. 

Keep on Growing, 

Lee G. Lyzit 

LL 

Lee G. Lyzit has been involved in the medical cannabis industry for nearly 15 years. His passion for natural healing drives 

him to learn as much as he can about the miraculous cannabis plant. Lee breeds his own strains of cannabis to create 

concentrated glycerine and coconut oil extracts. Aside from cannabis education and consumption, Lee enjoys playing 

music, gardening, hiking, and cross-country skiing. 

16 


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2 

1 

3 

4 

1 | ClearWater Tech 

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Disinfection System 

2 | Veg + Bloom 

Stackswell 

Growth Powder 

3 | MEDXtractor 

CO 2 Cannabis 

Oil Extractors 

4 | Beyond Buds: 

Next Generation 

by Ed Rosenthal 

ClearWater Tech’s C1 

mobile disinfection 

cart provides ozoneenriched 

water for surface 

disinfection of cannabis 

production facilities. 

Wash down floors, walls, 

equipment, rinse barrels 

and tanks with the push of 

a button and be assured 

you receive the ozone you 

need to get the job done. 

Easy to maneuver, the 

cart replaces traditional 

hot water and chemicals 

with safe disinfection 

on contact. The C1 cart 

is best when ozone 

disinfection is needed in 

multiple locations within a 

facility, different buildings, 

larger facilities, or when 

you simply want the 

convenience of mobility. 

At just one gram per 

gallon, Stackswell plant 

growth powder is a 

super-concentrated 

formula that can be used 

in reservoirs or mixed 

into a concentrate for 

dosers and fertigation 

systems. Delivering your 

plants with more than 

calcium and magnesium, 

Stackswell is also a cation 

exchange enhancer and 

root and shoot growth 

stimulator. Additionally, 

this product contains 

plant-derived surfactants 

and free amino acids. It 

comes in four different 

sized packages ranging 

from one to 25 pounds. 

MEDXtractor’s small-scale 

CO 2-based cannabis 

oil extractors are ideal 

for craft marijuana 

growers. These wellpriced 

products allow 

craft growers to produce 

high-value, residualfree 

cannabis extracts 

from trim, flower, and 

rosin chips without 

breaking the bank. 

Using patent-pending 

technology, MEDXtractor 

oil extractors are well 

built and feature stainless 

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Beyond Buds: Next 

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everything about 

cannabis extraction and 

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identifying various kinds 

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understanding various 

techniques, applying 

active ingredients of 

cannabis for medical use, 

learning about dabbing 

gear and culture, and 

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2014, there have been 

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the authors to completely 

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20 publication. 

18 


5 

6 

7 

8 

5 | 1st Defence Industries 

The Original 

Bug Coaster 

The Original Bug 

Coaster can be used 

by commercial, hobby, 

and home growers. The 

coasters help protect your 

plants and crops from a 

host of crawling bugs and 

pests from ants to fungus 

gnats to thrips by trapping 

them on glue pads. Bug 

coasters make for an ideal 

product under any potted 

plants, propagation trays, 

flower or trees inside a 

facility, greenhouse, home, 

or outdoor patios and 

decks. The coasters are 

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and are available in a 

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as well as a wraparound 

adhesive cone. 

6 | South Cascade 

Organics SLF-100 

SLF-100 is a 100 per cent 

organic OMRI-listed and 

Clean Green-certified 

enzymatic formula designed 

with system health in mind. 

The goal with SLF-100 

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enzymatic product that 

would target one specific 

material but to provide 

a well-rounded plant 

product that would tackle 

many different obstacles. 

Some enzyme products 

can damage microbial 

populations, however, 

SLF-100 will not and the 

shelf life of this product 

is unlimited. It will keep 

your hydroponic system 

running smoothly and 

free of toxic buildup. 

7 | Geoflora 

VEG and BLOOM 

Geoflora VEG and BLOOM is 

a fully organic, two-part dry 

nutrient. Geoflora VEG and 

BLOOM is dustless, ensuring 

all 20 of the highest quality 

organic inputs are delivered 

evenly and without creating 

harmful, irritating dust. 

VEG’s (5-3-4) formula is 

designed for transplant, 

while also creating an 

established, well-supported 

microbial environment. 

BLOOM (3-5-5) has reduced 

nitrogen levels to help 

flowers and fruits achieve 

their maximum potential. 

Unique, organic phosphate 

and potassium sources 

kickstart flowering, 

leading to rich, developed 

floral structures. 

8 | Reiziger Bud Booster 

Bud Booster was crafted in 

Holland more than 20 years 

ago for the commercial 

grower to help medicinal 

plants build extremely 

large, crystal-laden colas 

indoors, outdoors or 

in the greenhouse, in 

hydroponics and soil. 

Reiziger Bud Booster 

is a chosen favorite by 

Dutch craftsmen for 

all short-cycle plant 

strains. The element-rich 

liquid is brimming with 

more than 90 different 

organic compounds 

including carbohydrates, 

gibberellins, auxins, 

cytokinins, phenols, 

vitamins, amino acids, and 

polysaccharides which 

help produce consistent, 

powerful blooms with a 

dense growth pattern and 

the desired combination 

of increased weight, color, 

flavor, and potency. 

Maximum Yield 19

20 


ESSENTIAL 

by Chris BondNUTRIENTS 

FOR 

GROWING 

CANNABIS 

All plants, including cannabis, require certain 

essential nutrients to grow healthy, strong, and 

productive. Chris Bond identifies these nutrients, 

how many are needed, and their role in development 

so you can grow the most fruitful cannabis plants. 

Cannabis may have thousands of unique properties, but 

like any other plant it requires the same essential nutrients 

to properly grow and produce the desired yield of buds. 

Plants need relatively large amounts of macronutrients, lesser 

amounts of secondary nutrients, and small to trace amounts 

of micronutrients to germinate, grow, flower, and produce 

seed. All told, there are about 20 essential nutrients needed for 

optimal cannabis growth and development. 

A nutrient is considered essential when it meets certain 

criteria. It must be directly involved in plant nutrition, be a 

vital component to the plant’s life cycle such that without it, 

the plant would die or not be able to perform one or more of 

its necessary functions, and it must be unique enough that no 

other nutrient can replace it or perform the same function. Let’s 

examine which nutrients found in nature are essential for the 

cultivation of top-shelf cannabis. 

Essential Macronutrients 

The group of nutrients needed in large quantities by plants 

are collectively known as macronutrients. Some of these are 

provided by the environment and some are provided by or 

need to be added to the soil. Oxygen (O), hydrogen (H), and 

carbon (C) are provided by air and rain and are sometimes not 

included in discussions of essential nutrients because they 

are not elements that are often lacking, despite being needed 

in large amounts, and are not ones that are components of 

any fertilizer or commercially available nutrient package. 

The other macronutrients that are needed and can be added 

to soils or other media are nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and 

potassium (K). Most commercial formulations of dry or liquid 

fertilizers will have three numbers on their packaging. These 

three numbers refer to the percentage by volume of N, P and K. 

Each of these individual essential nutrients performs a different 

but vital function to cannabis plants. What follows is an 

oversimplification of the exact roles of each nutrient (in some 

cases, we still don’t know what all essential nutrients do 

and how exactly they interact with one another). Nitrogen is 

needed for the development of foliage and the production of 

proteins. Phosphorus is critical for root, flower, and seed development. 

Potassium is a requirement of overall plant health 

and aids in water absorption. 


Cannabis will need different amounts of the essential macros 

depending on the stage of development. Nitrogen is needed in 

higher quantities during the vegetative and bud-forming stages 

more than during the flowering stage. Phosphorus, however, is 

needed more during the flowering stage and is only required at 

about half the ratio of N levels during the vegetative phase of 

development. During this phase, K is needed at between half and 

two-thirds the level of N. 

Essential Secondary Nutrients 

Some sources do not segregate the secondary nutrients, and 

instead lump them in with the macronutrients since they are not 

needed in the same high quantities as the macronutrients. They 

do, however, need to be in a significantly higher quantity than the 

micronutrients, so they are separated here. The essential secondary 

nutrients are magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), and sulfur (S). 

These nutrients are often unavailable to cannabis if proper pH 

levels are not maintained (more on that later). 

These secondary essential nutrients perform a wide range of 

critical functions to proper cannabis development. They are often 

necessary components or complementary parts to other nutrients 

and functions. They are all needed for plant and root growth, 

but they do have specific roles. Calcium assists in transporting 

other nutrients and aids in their absorption. Magnesium is a 

critical component of chlorophyll. Sulfur aids in the transport of 

chlorophyll, but also assists with plant metabolism and transpiration. 

The lesser amount required to aid in the proper growth 

and development of healthy cannabis should not be mistaken as 

being less important than the micronutrients. The same can be 

said for the diminutive amounts of micronutrients needed. 

Essential Micronutrients 

The number of micronutrients listed as essential can vary 

based on the source. Like secondary nutrients, it is somewhat 

a matter of classification and some list the secondary nutrients 

as micronutrients. Either way, they represent minerals and 

elements that are not as abundantly available on Earth and as 

such are not needed in very high amounts by cannabis plants, 

but are still necessary. 

No matter what source, boron (B), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), 

copper (Cu), iron (Fe), and molybdenum (Mo) will be listed as 

essential micronutrients. Like the other essential nutrients, all 

micronutrients have a unique function or serve to assist in the 

functions and processes of the other nutrients. What follows is not 

an exhaustive list, but a sampling of some of the roles of micronutrients 

and how they aid in the development of cannabis plants. 

• Boron — helps with the development and growth of root 

tips. It also helps plants to absorb calcium and transports 

sugars within the plant. 

• Manganese — is a vital component of chlorophyll 

production and the photosynthesis process. It also aids 

with enzyme interactions. 

• Zinc — aids in the development of stems, leaves, and 

branches. The more mature a plant is, typically the more 

zinc is present and required. 

• Copper — aids in the development of plant proteins and 

helps with the strengthening of stems and branches. 

• Iron — is important for chlorophyll production. Iron deficiencies 

often present themselves as a yellowing of the leaves 

between the leaf’s veins (interveinal chlorosis). 

• Molybdenum — helps to process nitrogen. 

• Other trace minerals thought to be essential include 

cobalt (Co), silicon (Si), chlorine (Cl), and selenium (Se). Not 

all sources agree on their inclusion in the essential group, 

though they are important to support all plant life. 

22 


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pH and Nutrient Availability 

As important as nutrients, if not more so, is the pH of the soil 

or media the cannabis is growing in. The pH is a measure 

of the acidity or alkalinity of soil or growing medium. Soils 

or other media with a pH of less than 7.0 are acidic; soils 

or other media with a pH greater than 7.0 are alkaline. The 

pH scale is exponential, with each number representing a 

factor of 10 times greater or less than the number next to 

it. For example, a pH of 6.0 is 10 times more acidic than a 

pH of 7.0, and 100 times more acidic than a pH of 8.0. What 

does this have to do with the essential nutrients needed for 

growing cannabis? Nutrients may well be present in sufficient 

amounts to support robust growth and plant function, 

but they can be locked out or otherwise made unavailable to 

the plant. The ideal pH range to try to maintain for cannabis 

is generally accepted to be in the 6.0 to 6.5 range, with some 

variation depending on media selected. To determine pH, 

make sure to perform a soil analysis. 

Soil testing can be a simple do-it-yourself procedure or can be 

done by a reputable lab. It’s a routine procedure and is relatively 

inexpensive either way. A DIY kit may cost only a few 

dollars and give you instant results, but most kits will not 

offer the kind of precise results a lab analysis can yield. In 

most scenarios, a small amount of soil or growing media can 

be sent into a private or university-owned lab and within a 

few days to a week or so, a detailed report will reveal many 

important aspects of your media. Some labs offer a number 

of services where they can give you current nutrient levels, 

percentage of organic matter, and other relevant information 

so that you can make the necessary adjustments to ensure 

your cannabis has what it needs to thrive. 

24 


EXPANDING 

CONSCIOUSNESS 

WITH CANNABIS, 

MEDITATION, 

AND YOGA 

by Jessica Zimmer 

A combination of cannabis, yoga, and meditation 

can reduce stress and increase positive thought and 

movement. Teachers who offer sessions involving 

those three elements have numerous tips for ingestion, 

incorporating music, and duration of the session. 

26 


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If you’re interested in a peaceful session in which you are 

focused on your inner thoughts, indicas and hybrids are 

the way to go. Recommended strains include Headband, Big 

Sur Holy Bud, Ringo’s Gift, Hindu Kush, Jager, Baba Kush, 

Blueberry Kush, OG Kush, Blue Dream, Girl Scout Cookie, and 

Tangie. Sativas can leave you feeling jumpy, nervous, and 

excited. They are primarily recommended for practitioners 

who are leading a session and want an extra burst of energy. 

If you are experiencing physical pain or discomfort due to 

everyday activities or the prolonged sitting and movement 

required for meditation and yoga, consider topicals and 

tinctures. Edibles spread out a slow effect for extra-long 

sessions of three to six hours. 

Planning out the Session 

Creating a relaxing, comfortable space with aromatherapy 

oils like lavender and sage or incense is key. It is easy to 

practice in a space where you cannot be disturbed. Put your 

mobile phone into silent mode. You can use your phone to 

play music, nature sounds, or vibrations to guide you through 

the session. You can also use musical instruments like bells, 

Tibetan singing bowls, or triangles. 

It’s good to start the session by smoking cannabis. If you 

are practicing with other people, consider holding a “smoke 

circle” or “smoke session” to get in touch with your feelings 

and create a community. Joints and vaping are ideal choices. 

They allow the medicine to take effect quickly and in time for 

the first meditation prompts. 

After five to 15 minutes of meditation, you can consider about 

30 minutes of guided yoga movements. Avoid any moves that 

are too strenuous or painful. Close with a final, shorter meditation 

session that helps you return to reality. Some practitioners 

recommend an additional smoke session to close 

practice, both for reflection and to decrease pain experienced 

in yoga or sitting. Many teachers say their typical cannabis, 

yoga, and meditation session takes about an hour and a half. 

“Some practitioners 

recommend an additional 

smoke session to close 

practice, both for reflection 

and to decrease pain 

experienced in yoga or sitting.” 

Teachers Share Their Wisdom 

Figuring out how much cannabis to use and what 

strain works for you is a process, says Eliza 

Maroney, a cannabis yogi who teaches “Bend + 

Blaze” classes in San Francisco and Venice Beach. 

“Micro-dosing every time unless you’re in 

serious physical pain is a good idea. My goal is to 

find the least amount necessary. You’re here to get 

lifted, not to get high,” Maroney says. 

Rachael Carlevale, a teacher of cannabis plant 

SpiritYoga in Boulder, CO., recommends sitting 

with the plant, introducing yourself to it, and 

engaging in a mindful contemplation before starting 

meditation and yoga. 

“In a ceremony which takes about three hours, 

I help students get to know the soil. (This is) the 

most important part of the plant medicine, as the 

soil feeds the plants. I will bring in soil, compost, 

and worms. We’ll do a meditation holding the soil 

on marma points on our hands. Then we may do a 

mindfulness meditation holding a cannabis leaf, using 

all five senses, including smelling, hearing, and tasting 

it. We do this education to get to know the plant and our 

intentions with her,” says Carlevale. 

Sari Starr, a leader with Cannabliss Retreats who 

practices at Yoga Nest in Venice Beach, notes practice is 

all about quieting your mind. 

28 


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“When you get present, you get closer to the divine 

source in you. That’s when you start connecting with 

who you really are. This practice helps you activate that 

centering in all areas of life. It’s especially helpful when 

things get a little chaotic,” says Starr, adding before practice 

she recommends asking herself some questions. 

“Why am I taking this? What is my intention and how do 

I want to feel? I call on protection and guidance. Because 

we are more energetically open when we use cannabis and 

other mind-altering substances, we need to be mindful. It’s 

very important that the environment we are in is supportive 

of our intentional journey with the plant.” 

Cannabis Yoga Training 

Teachers come to be instructors through different paths. 

Most teachers of cannabis, yoga, and meditation practice 

have been using cannabis and learning yoga and meditation 

on their own for several years. State governments 

do not require yoga instructors to have a license. Yoga 

organizations like the Yoga Alliance do not certify instructors. 

They register individuals who have completed a 

certain number of hours in teaching and training others. 

Introductory classes in cannabis yoga and meditation typically 

cost between $15-$30 a person for a 90-minute session, 

with private instruction running close to $100 per person. 

Amber Demers, a San Diego-based instructor, teaches 

Ganja Yoga, a form of cannabis-enhanced yoga that originated 

with Los Angeles-based instructor Dee Dussault. 

“I began practicing yoga as a young athlete. About three 

years ago, I started using cannabis for lower back pain as a 

medical patient. A couple months later, I learned and introduced 

meditation into my daily life. I realized that when I 

would use cannabis as part of my meditation practice, I was 

able to reach a deeper level of focus and relaxation. I became 

a 200-hour certified yoga instructor in November 2017, and then 

attended Dee’s first Ganja Yoga Teacher Training program in 

January 2018,” says Demers. 

Jessica Clark, an instructor at The Soul Shack Yoga Studio 

in North Hollywood, says she has been meditating since 

she was a child. 

“I started yoga when I was 19 because I suffered from bad 

back pain. I went for physical reasons, but instantly after the 

class I noticed the mental effects. Nineteen, coincidentally 

enough, was also the age when I first started using cannabis. 

After a month or two, I thought of combining cannabis and 

yoga. Then I went to India and studied yoga at an ashram. In 

2010, I became certified as a yoga instructor. I’ve been practicing 

cannabis-enhanced meditation and yoga in my own practice 

as well as with private clients since 2014. I began offering 

cannabis-enhanced classes to the public in 2017,” Clark says. 

What Practice Can Do for You 

A healthy session should leave you relaxed, energized, and 

mindful. Do not be surprised if you rest or sleep as part of the 

session. The point of combining the three elements is not to 

achieve a set goal, but see where the cannabis, movement, 

and meditation take you. 

“You can use cannabis to tune out or really tune in. What 

I learned about myself is I definitely had not been using 

cannabis the right way in the past. Maybe I had even been 

abusing the plant. Now, by combining cannabis, yoga, and 

meditation, I’ve brought about a complete paradigm shift in 

my own health and understanding of plant communication. 

Being an instructor helps me share the healing with 

others,” says Carlevale. 

“The point of 

combining the three 

elements is not to 

achieve a set goal, 

but see where the 

cannabis, movement, 

and meditation 

take you.” 

30 


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Get focused, creative, 

and inspired with Super 

Silver Haze, the strain 

that brings color to the 

colorless daily grind. 

Up until a couple of years ago I ordered 

weed from budtenders like, “Hi, I’m 

looking for the perfect amount of creative,” 

and never paid attention to what they gave 

me beyond a little plastic baggy with my 

gram of weed and hopefully a high to match 

what I was up to that day. 

Through much trial and error, I finally 

discovered Super Silver Haze and it’s become 

the answer to all of my modern day problems, 

namely in the areas of energy, inspiration, and 

focus. A hybrid of Skunk, Northern Lights, and 

Haze, Super Silver Haze features a beautiful 

balance of 70 per cent sativa and 30 per cent 

indica that promises an uplifting, euphoric buzz 

minus the anxiety (and panic attacks) that can 

sometimes be brought on by a pure sativa. While 

your mind won’t be racing, your imagination 

will be on fire. When you’re writing, you may 

find yourself happily researching the meanings 

and origins of various words without realizing 

it. When you’re taking photos, ordinary subjects 

become extraordinary through the filter of Super 

Silver Haze. In fact, this sativa is a nice treat first 

thing in the morning when you’re most enthused 

and open to the new day’s possibilities. With 

THC content ranging between 18-23 per cent, just 

a few hits of Super Silver Haze can keep you on 

Cloud 9 for up to three hours. No wonder it’s an 

award-winning strain. 

Covered in silvery glands, Super Silver Haze is 

a sticky strain that is easy to roll and produces 

a sweet earthy aroma with citrusy undertones. 

The only downside to Super Silver Haze is that it 

can increase your appetite for all of your favorite 

comfort foods. So, if you’re on a diet, things 

can get tricky. But if you really don’t care about 

that kind of thing, and you’re just looking for 

something to make the daily grind a little more 

interesting, colorful, and inspiring, then Super 

Silver Haze is a brilliant choice. 

Super Silver Haze is not an easy strain to grow, and is recommended for intermediate to 

skilled growers. It is best grown indoors where the plants can be trained (using the SCROG method) 

for best yields, which are generally low to medium with flowering time of about 11 weeks. It prefers a 

warm, humid climate with temperatures between 70-80°F. 

32 


NEW 

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4expert tips 

for 

Rookie Growers 

Every cannabis grower has to start somewhere. 

While trial and error is a good way to learn, it 

can be mitigated to help save time and money. 

Kent Gruetzmacher points out four variables to 

consider when growing for the first time. 

by Kent 

Gruetzmacher 

C 

annabis is a relatively easy plant to propagate. After 

all, the species has managed to thrive in most of the 

world’s continents without human intervention. However, 

there are several pitfalls experienced by many novice 

cultivators when attempting to create ideal growing 

conditions for cannabis. These issues usually relate to 

light, water, airflow, temperature, humidity, nutrients, 

and pH. Indoor and greenhouse growers run into a clear 

majority of potential problems with environmental 

controls, and variances in troubleshooting techniques 

arise between indoor, greenhouse, and outdoor cultivation 

operations. Obvious portions of this brief article, such 

as water and nutrients, apply to all forms of cannabis 

cultivation, while certain concepts are only applicable to 

indoor and greenhouse growing. 

The cannabis plant finds its evolutionary origins in the 

steppes of Central Asia, so the climate of this geography 

is rather telling concerning ideal growing conditions for 

the species. After all, thousands of years of evolution can 

teach one far more than any grow book. This region of 

Asia reports 250 days of annual sunshine, as well as dry 

summer weather averaging around 80°F. Looking worldwide, 

other famous marijuana growing climates, like 

those seen in California, are akin to the species’ evolutionary 

home in Central Asia. 

In other words, cannabis thrives in sunny and dry conditions. 

Growers attempt to recreate these ideal conditions 

in efforts to push their plants to their full genetic potential. 

For novice gardeners, it is important to understand 

that all cannabis cultivators, no matter how advanced, 

are after this same goal. The best way to work towards 

this goal is by developing environmental conditions and 

fertigation techniques to which cannabis plants respond 

favorably. Here are four areas newbies can focus on to 

help grow the best buds. 

34 


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“For novice gardeners, 

it is important to 

understand that all 

cannabis cultivators, 

no matter how 

advanced, are after 

this same goal.” 

1Light 

Cannabis plants love light. When planning a garden operation, 

be it be indoor, greenhouse, or outdoor, light is the most 

essential variable for success. 

For indoor marijuana gardening, the design of a successful 

lighting schematic can be a challenge for the inexperienced 

grower. To illustrate, different types of lighting, such as high 

pressure sodium (HPS), metal halide (MH), light emitting 

diode (LED), and fluorescents, all present unique variances 

in their applications. For example, an HPS light covers a 

different square footage of canopy and utilizes different 

levels of wattage than an LED light. One thing rookies need 

to be aware of is not positioning their chosen grow lights 

either too close or too far from the garden canopy. Hanging 

lights too close to foliage can easily burn leaves, while 

placing them too far from the canopy will cause plants to 

stretch. Overly stretched cannabis plants wreak havoc on 

the small confines of indoor grows. A careful study of the 

proper use of a chosen grow light can help alleviate most 

of these issues. A majority of this information is available 

online and on product packaging. 

Greenhouse and outdoor cannabis growers should always 

position their gardens in areas that maximize sunlight. An 

additional two hours of direct sunlight on a garden can have 

huge impacts on harvest totals. Of course, the world of legal 

2cannabis growing is still in its infancy, and it’s important for 

cultivators to weigh privacy and security concerns with the 

utilization of available sunlight. Still, a common mistake 

made by novice greenhouse and outdoor growers is to hide 

their gardens under trees and out of the sun. While this is 

understandable from a security perspective, planting a garden 

in the shade will greatly diminish the size of a harvest. 

Water 

Water presents an extremely important yet difficult-tomaster 

variable in cannabis cultivation practices. As such, 

proper watering technique is probably the most problematic 

factor for new cannabis growers. 

While indoor, greenhouse, and outdoor gardens each have 

different environmental constraints that dictate how often 

cannabis plants should be watered, basic irrigation rules 

apply to all these cultivation practices. Novice gardeners 

are notorious for overwatering. While there are countless 

reasons as to why this happens, a primary one is simply that 

new growers like spending time with their plants. It is well 

and good to be excited about cannabis growing, but being 

a skilled horticulturist requires patience and attentiveness. 

Overwatering causes countless problems with essential plant 

functions, from nutrient uptake issues to root rot. Cannabis 

plants like their root zones to dry out between watering 

sessions. Of course, proper irrigation requires a careful 

balancing act as it is harmful to let root zones dry out to the 

point that the leaves of the plant wilt. To make things more 

complicated, shifts in weather patterns and temperature affect 

when one should water. It takes some practice to understand 

when the best time to water might be. 

36 


“Proper airflow is essential 

to a successful grow.” 

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This never-done-before book titled Design 

and Build a Room to Grow, by a veteran 

grower with decades of construction, electrical 

and automation experience, provides step-bystep 

instructions for designing, building, and 

effectively operating a growroom. 

Included are project photographs, cost 

summaries, worksheets, diagrams, and 

narratives to ensure that nothing is overlooked. 

3 

There are a few ways that a rookie grower can ensure they are 

properly watering their cannabis plants. The most traditional and 

low-tech way is to simply pick up a pot and feel its weight. Over 

time, one gains an understanding of what the pot feels like when 

the plants require water. Also, many cannabis growers use moisture 

meters, which can be purchased at most garden centers. These 

devices give accurate readings of water retention levels within 

the root zone. Finally, for the tech-savvy grower, there are several 

options on the market for high-tech, individualized soil sensors that 

give real-time digital readings of water levels at the root zone. 

Airflow, Temperature, and Humidity 

Proper airflow is essential to a successful grow. When developed 

correctly, it can help alleviate most issues relating to temperature 

and humidity. Indoor and greenhouse cultivators have much larger 

concerns with airflow than their counterparts in outdoor horticulture. 

As full-sun gardens are at the mercy of Mother Nature, the best 

advice an outdoor cultivator can get regarding airflow is to not plant 

a garden in a cold, shady, and damp area. 

It’s important to remember cannabis plants thrive in dry climates. 

A common mistake with newbie indoor and greenhouse growing 

is to not consider airflow at all. Without proper air exchange, 

gardens are plagued with countless problems that all stem from 

excesses of heat and 

humidity. For starters, 

the essential growth 

functions of cannabis 

plants are retarded 

when temperatures 

reach 90°F indoors. 

Also, excessively humid 

ambient conditions in a 

greenhouse or growroom 

cause plants to absorb 

water from the air and 

not utilize the nutrientrich 

water at their root 

zone. Finally, heat and 

humidity open the door 

to the proliferation of a 

plethora of pathogens 

and bugs including 

botrytis, powdery mildew, 

and spider mites. To 

avoid these problems, 

controlled environment 

growers should strive 

to keep humidity levels 

below 50 per cent. 

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38 


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“Without proper air 

exchange, gardens are 

plagued with countless 

problems that all stem 

from excesses of heat 

are several ways to ensure proper airflow and subsequent 

temperature and humidity controls in a greenhouse 

or growroom. For most hobbyist grows, a relatively simple 

and affordable intake and outtake air exchange system will 

novice grows, certain locales and geographies also require 

and humidity.”4There 

the use of air conditioning units or dehumidifiers. 

do the trick. Expert gardeners recommend that the air in a 

growroom or greenhouse should be entirely exchanged every 

one to three minutes for optimum growth and vigor. While a 

simple air exchange system is generally suitable for most 

Nutrients and pH 

Proper fertilization and water pH techniques are vital 

to push cannabis plants to their full genetic potential. 

However, new growers do not need to be overly concerned 

with the ins and outs of N-P-K ratios, micronutrients, and 

living soil. For novice gardeners, an obvious first step in 

understanding fertigation is simply following the directions 

and schedules of a chosen nutrient line. 

The most common mistake made by rookie cultivators relating 

to nutrients and water has to do with pH. Different water 

sources, such as city water and well water, differ greatly 

in their mineral content and pH levels. 

These levels can fluctuate greatly with 

changing seasons and water tables, 

especially in locales like California 

that have drastic shifts in precipitation 

patterns. For new growers, pH issues 

generally boil down to complacency. 

They get used to certain pH readings and 

fail to understand the changing dynamics 

of water tables and different water 

sources. To rectify these issues, it is 

essential that cultivators check the pH of 

their water every time they irrigate with 

nutrient mixes or straight water. 

Cannabis cultivation takes time to 

master. With this process comes the 

gradual development of an intuitive 

feel for garden essentials. To begin 

developing this knowledge base and 

feeling, it is recommended that newbies 

start with learning the basics of cannabis 

plant needs. For most new growers, this 

education is based on understanding the 

environmental constraints surrounding 

prime cultivation conditions as well as 

irrigation techniques. Other potential 

problem areas arise with such garden 

maintenance practices as pruning 

or spraying, which are worthwhile 

to investigate. With patience and 

attentiveness, new growers can 

attain a relatively strong grasp 

on cannabis horticulture. 

40 


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HOW MINERALS AND LIGHT AFFECT 

Terpene Production 

by August Dunning 

With newly discovered healing 

properties, terpenes are more 

important than previously 

thought. August Dunning 

explains how minerals and light 

can be used to boost terpene 

levels in cannabis plants. 

Our olfactory sense is hardwired to our immune system. If a 

fragrance produced by a strain is particularity pleasing, there 

might be a reason. Fragrance can be a means of identifying strains 

for medical application, not just recreation. When we’re sick with a 

cold, we identify certain fragrances, like lemon, for example, to bring us 

relief. We evolved with this plant to ultimately be able to incorporate the 

plant’s cannabinoid compounds in our endocannabinoid receptor system. 

Cannabinoids (CBD) interact with the body’s organs, nerves, and CB1, 2, and 3 

receptor sites in the brain to mitigate conditions of pain and anxiety and establish 

a means for the terpenes to get into cells to perform medical functions far greater than 

sedation or elation, like slowing cancer cells. It’s not the CBD that attacks cancer — 

the CBD opens the cells in a tumor for terpenes to get inside cells to end replication 

in cancer cells without poisoning the body. With growth halted, the tumor may die. 

42 


This is why terpenes are more important than previously 

thought. It has been proven that terpenes can get inside 

different types of cancer to stop replication. 

Cannabinoid ratios differ greatly in the various strains of 

weed and are associated with the production of terpenes. 

High-CBD strains produce high levels of myrcene as CBD 

synthase converts cannabigerol (CBG) into CBD and the 

associated terpenes. High-THC strains produce large 

levels of lemonene and pinene as the THC synthase 

converts tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THC-A) into THC, 

tetrahydrocannabivarin (THC-V), and cannabichromine (CBC). 

THC Terpenes Rely on Minerals and UV-B 

These terpenes are mineral dependent for their production 

in trichomes, so let’s discuss the metal ions necessary 

for terpene production along with the light frequencies 

involved for synthesis, as well as those involved with 

terpene emittance and storage in flowering cannabis. Yes, 

that’s right, something many growers are not aware of is 

that the final fragrance of weed can be made stronger in the 

last 72 hours before harvest and curing. 

Ultraviolet-B is required during flowering phase to stimulate 

genetic plastids in the trichome disc cells to create enzymes 

required for terpenes and cannabinoid synthesis. 

But there are other photosynthetic processes in the phytochromes 

that can be employed to mediate light/dark signaling 

that increase terpene content and production. 

First off, several metal ions are necessary since most terpene 

cyclases require a divalent ion such as magnesium (Mg 2+ ) or 

manganese (Mn 2+ ) for the cyclization of substrates. They are 

also necessary for THC-A conversion to THC by THC synthase. 

Moreover, all terpene cyclases, including limonene synthase, 

require either Mg 2+ or Mn 2+ . 

To explain the roles of Mg 2+ and Mn 2+ in terpene cyclization, 

it has been proposed that these metal ions might neutralize 

the negative charge of the diphosphate moiety and assist in 

ionization of the allylic diphosphate substrate to create the 

geranyl diphosphate terpene precursor molecule. 

What is clear, however, is that divalent metal ions Fe (iron) 

and Mn (manganese) have been shown clearly in dispensary 

bud tests to affect levels of THC and CBD because deficiencies 

of Mn 2+ (for THC) and Fe 2+ (for CBD) in fertilizers during growth 

directly affect synthesis of THC and CBD. 

Red Light and Terpene Potency 

As shown earlier, CBD and THC levels are strongly related 

to mycrene and lemonene production. Everything is tied to 

adequate micronutrient minerals and specific light frequencies 

to form cannabinoids and terpenes. However, some 

frequencies that are eliminated at the end of growth can 

produce very strong terpene potency and subsequent highly 

fragrant dried buds. 

“Something many growers are not aware of 

is that the final fragrance of weed can be 

made stronger in the last 72 hours before 

harvest and curing.” 

ANANDAMIDE 

THC 

NERVE CELL 

RECEPTOR 

NERVE CELL 

Anandamide and THC molecular structures are similar. 

This allows for THC to mimic anandamide by connecting 

the nerve cell receptor in its place. 

Several light sensitive photoreceptors outside the trichomes 

are involved in the processes of production and emission of 

terpenes, and different trichomes are dependent upon specific 

wavelengths of light to be activated or deactivated. Emission 

of terpenes is a process that is entirely dependent upon phytochromes 

and red and far-red light cues in most plant species. 

This is especially useful for growers using LED systems 

because it has been proven that if red LED light is eliminated 

during the last 72 hours of growth and only white and blue 

LEDs are used, the plant continues to synthesize terpenes, but 

a lack of red light to trigger the phytochrome results in a lack 

of terpene emission by the plant. This causes the terpenes to 

accumulate in the maturing trichomes. 

The good news is that eliminating red light at the end of a 

flowering cycle has almost no effect on the final cannabinoid 

content of dried and cured buds. For stronger fragrance, 

medical potency, and higher commercial value of your buds, 

cut out red light 72 hours prior to harvest. 


44 


HOW TO SET UP A 

SCROG 

by Kyle L. Ladenburger 

CANNABIS GROW 

If you want to grow your own cannabis but are short 

on space, check out the bud-producing SCROG 

(screen of green) method of marijuana cultivation. 

Kyle Ladenburger lays out the process, step by step. 

Throughout my life one major value that’s been consistently hammered 

into my brain time after time is to always make the best of what 

you’ve got. Growing up, we were by no means poor, but money was tight 

enough that frivolous spending wasn’t a luxury. On most occasions we 

were forced to make do with what we had, as well as we could, before 

even considering putting money towards whatever it may be. This is 

something I’ve carried with me into my adult life. 

This way of approaching life can be of great benefit to cannabis 

growers too, since space is often a limiting factor. This is true for home 

growers who are almost always dealing with confined indoor spaces or 

laws limiting the amount an individual can grow at a time. Getting the 

most out of each individual plant and achieving the highest potential 

yield possible is the key in a small cannabis garden. Many factors can 

contribute to reaching such goals but one method that can have a huge 

impact on end yields is a method called “SCROG” (screen of green). 

It is ideal when growing in limited space or with limited plant numbers. 

This method utilizes low-stress training to allow for better overall bud 

development. Botanically speaking, cannabis plants exhibit a growth 

pattern that is referred to as apical dominance. Apical dominance is the 

phenomenon by which the main, central stem is the dominant growth 

site in comparison to lateral side shoot development. This is evident by 

just looking at a cannabis plant in the flowering stage. The main flower 

(cola) is top and center, receiving the most light and, in conjunction, 

more nutrients allowing it to grow larger than any other flower buds. The 

flowers on the sides and lower portions of the plant receive less light 

and develop into smaller buds commonly referred to as “larf.” 

When using the SCROG method a grower will interrupt the plants’ 

natural apical dominance by cutting the top or main central stem off 

the plant. This encourages more prolific side or lateral shoot development. 

Instead of there being just one main cola, there will be several 

separate heavy flowering points on a single plant. Using a horizontal 

grid system, the plants will be lightly trained to grow through the grid 

in more of a lateral fashion compared to the normal vertical growth. 

The SCROG method is beneficial in several ways. It allows more light 

to reach the maximum number of flowering sites which will direct more 

available nutrients to these locations resulting in better flower production. 

It will also help keep the plants lower to the ground and away from 

the intensity and heat of powerful horticultural lighting. This can be 

extremely helpful when growing sativa dominant varieties that tend 

to stretch quite a bit during the first few weeks of flowering, especially 

in rooms with low ceilings. SCROG also helps the grower maintain a 

more uniform canopy height which comes in handy when doing regular 

garden maintenance. The bottom line is the SCROG method can lead 

to higher yields in situations where space is limited or plant counts are 

lower, and it can be done in just a handful of steps. 


“ONE OF THE trickiest parts of the SCROG 

method is determining when to force the 

switch to the flowering cycle.” 

SETTING UP A SCREEN OF GREEN 

The first step is to set up the grid (a.k.a. the “screen” in “screen of green”) 

that will be used to train the growth laterally. Wire caging will be the 

strongest choice, but nylon trellis netting will work as well. Just make sure 

it is secured tightly on all ends. Caging or trellis netting that has squares 

of around 2x2 inches is ideal for SCROG-ing. The grid should be placed 

horizontally about eight to 10 inches above the top of the pots. When 

growing in a tent, secure the corners of the grid tightly to the support poles 

on the inside corners of the tent. If the SCROG method is being used in a 

normal room, additional supports may be needed. In general, around one 

square foot of grid space should be reserved per plant. 

Once the seedlings or clones reach about six to eight inches tall, where 

they are just about to reach the grid, the main center stem should be cut off or 

topped. This will encourage more side growth that will start to grow up and 

through the holes in the grid. Be sure that each branch has its own hole to 

grow through and that they are not sharing. 

This next step takes a little finesse but is relatively simple once you get the 

hang of it. While the plant is still in the vegetative growing stage, allow the 

individual branches to grow above the top of the grid by about six inches. 

Then begin to weave the branches down and back up through the grid. Each 

time the plant is tall enough above the grid repeat the weaving motion in 

a manner that evenly spreads the branches over the screen. You may want 

to use plant clips or ties to secure the branches to the grid but usually the 

weaving itself will hold them in place. 

One of the trickiest parts of the SCROG method is determining when to 

force the switch to the flowering cycle. The best way to figure this out is to 

46 


“THE BOTTOM LINE is the SCROG method can 

lead to higher yields in situations where space 

is limited or plant counts are lower.” 

understand the characteristics of the variety being grown. As stated 

earlier, the sativa-dominant varieties tend to stretch and grow taller 

during the early weeks of flowering. So, in order to not run out of 

grid space, they should be switched to flower earlier than an indica 

variety that will put on most of its growth in the vegetative stage. 

A general guide to follow is to allow around 50-60 per cent of the 

grid to be covered before switching to flowering cycle for sativa. For 

an indica variety, allow as much as 70-80 per cent coverage before 

forcing into flowering cycle. 

While the plant grows and the branches are continually weaved 

through the grid, the bottom portion of the plant should be given 

attention as well. As the grid fills up, the amount of light that can 

penetrate past it is diminished; this is really the whole point of 

the SCROG method. Any vegetative growth, such as fan leaves 

and branches, growing under will not receive enough light for any 

substantial growth and should be removed on a regular basis. Keeping 

the plants bare beneath the canopy will also make regular feeding/ 

watering and maintenance a much easier task. Continue to keep the 

bottom branches clear as the flowers continue to grow and a nice 

harvest should follow. 

When it comes to growing cannabis indoors, limited space does not 

always have to mean smaller yields. The SCROG method and other 

similar techniques are a relatively easy way to create more highly 

active flower bud sites with increased developmental potential. Putting 

in the small amount of work involved will almost always be worth it and 

it’s a great way to make the most with what you have. 


ask a 

NURSE 

Q 

I’m considering using a cannabis suppository 

but have read a lot of contradictory information 

online. Is this a safe method? Will I get high? 

Thank you for any information you can provide! 

Samantha S. 

a 

Suppositories are a popular method of cannabis 

administration and can be effective at treating 

some conditions and disease. However, information 

available on healthcare forums, blogs, and social 

media posts includes prevalent misconceptions 

about the efficacy of suppositories and erroneous 

interpretations of the existing research. The following 

information should enable you and others to make 

more informed decisions about which delivery method 

is best to treat their condition. 

During rectal administration, fluids are absorbed by 

the rectum’s blood vessels and are mostly directed into 

the body’s circulatory system, which distributes the fluid 

to the organs and bodily systems. Typically, a drug that 

is administered rectally has a faster onset, a higher 

bioavailability, a shorter peak, and a shorter duration 

than when the same drug is administered orally. 

Multiple factors affect the absorption rate of rectal 

medications, including molecular size, water-solubility, 

depth of insertion, dehydration, low surface area, and 

the base of a suppository preparation. Additionally, 

absorption rates of suppositories are slower than 

that of other delivery methods and the rate at which 

suppositories absorb is largely dependent on chemical 

additives in the suppository. Currently, there is some 

debate about whether rectally administered cannabis 

can effectively treat conditions affecting the entire body. 

Commonly-referenced research states that rectal 

absorption rates of cannabis are as high as 50-70 per cent. 

In these studies, however, delta-9-THC was coupled 

with an ester hemisuccinate, which is an additive 

designed to increase absorbency by breaking down 

fat-soluble compounds into water-soluble compounds. 

Other studies designed to test rectal absorption of 

cannabis demonstrated that, without hemisuccinate, 

rectal absorbency was three per cent or less. In fact, 

there exists some general agreement that fats and oils 

are poorly absorbed from the rectum. Cannabinoids 

are lipids (fats) and cannabis products are nearly 

always extracted into an oil or fat base, so it’s 

reasonable to assume that whole-plant cannabis oil 

products are poorly absorbed rectally. And, because 

most preparations of cannabis suppositories do not 

contain hemisuccinate, it is safe to assume most of 

these preparations are not being adequately absorbed. 

Clearly, more research is needed. 

While Radicle Health occasionally recommends rectal 

administration for conditions that can benefit from 

a topical cannabis administration (such as fissures, 

hemorrhoids, and rectal cancer), this route can 

produce results that are incomplete, unpredictable, 

and erratic. Importantly, Radicle Health does not 

recommend rectal administration for patients 

undergoing chemotherapy because of the increased 

risk of infection and rectal bleeding. Patients should 

always consult with a healthcare professional before 

considering rectal administration. 

DO YOU HAVE A QUESTION FOR A NURSE? 

Email editor@maximumyield.com to get an answer. 

ET 

Eloise Theisen, AGPCNP-BC, is a dedicated and patient-focused nurse. For more than 17 years, she has specialized in aging, 

cancer, chronic pain, dementia, Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, anxiety, depression, fibromyalgia, and various autoimmune and 

neurological diseases. 

eturning 

cannabis health 

care to healthcare 

professionals. 

We help patients use cannabis to 

treat chronic illness, and we teach 

healthcare professionals about using 

cannabis as a treatment modality. 

.com 

info@radiclehealthcare.com | 925.357.8316 

Ste. 119 – 2815 Mitchell Dr., Walnut Creek CA 94598 

48 


going where 

you grow 

check out our app 

for info on-the-go... 

and pick up our print magazine 

for your garden adventures 




Cannabis users who suffer from insomnia and have trouble 

sleeping should make sure their strain of choice is not 

having a detrimental effect. Kasey Craig looks at three 

weed strains that might have people tossing and 

turning in bed instead of sleeping soundly. 

CANNABIS 

STRAINS TO 

Avoid 

if you Need 

Sleep 

by Kasey Craig 

50 


ost adults need seven to eight hours of 

M sleep a night, but those with insomnia 

can find it hard to get that much rest. Insomnia 

is a common sleep disorder that can make it 

difficult to fall asleep, stay asleep, or cause 

someone to wake up early and not be able to 

get back to sleep. Insomnia can deplete energy 

levels, affect mood, health, work performance, 

and quality of life. 

Cannabis has been used for thousands of 

years for its psychoactive and medicinal 

qualities. Endocannabinoids activate 

cannabinoid receptors, which are involved in 

regulating things like appetite, pain, memory, 

and mood, along with other physiological 

processes. Past studies indicate that those with 

mood or anxiety disorders have lower levels 

of endocannabinoids. THC can activate the 

cannabinoid receptors, and the drug may be 

able to relieve symptoms of these disorders. 

Insomnia sufferers know the struggle of 

attempting to fall asleep after smoking a highenergy 

strain, the kind of hyperactive mental 

buzz that has you climbing the walls at 2 a.m. 

It is important to know which strains to avoid 

when you are using cannabis and you suffer 

from insomnia, or generally have a hard time 

getting to or staying asleep. 

AVOID HIGH-ENERGY STRAINS 

Those that suffer from insomnia should avoid 

high-energy strains late in the day (you should 

also avoid caffeine and sugary snacks). Too 

much focus and energy can make falling asleep 

become more complicated than necessary, so 

avoid the following strains: 

Green Crack 

The name Green Crack perpetuates a negative 

image of cannabis; some have been calling it 

Green Cush (with a “C”) or Cush instead. The 

plant was bred by inbreeding Skunk #1 and 

got its name from Snoop Dogg. The taste is 

illustrated as tropical mango-like sweetness. 

This strain is excellent for daytime use in 

patients suffering from fatigue, loss of appetite, 

stress, and depression. This sativa is heavensent 

for those who need motivation. However, 

Green Crack could be too much for paranoiaprone 

people and those with insomnia should 

avoid smoking this strain, especially before bed. 

Durban Poison 

Thankfully, this strain is not poisonous, just 

powerfully uplifting. This is the natural fivehour 

energy many people look for come midday. 

Durban Poison is sweet and spicy — sure to 

motivate even the laziest cannabis connoisseur. 

The primary medicinal qualities of Durban 

Poison are energy, creativity, migraine relief, 

and anti-nausea properties. This is ideal for 

people suffering from stress and fatigue; the 

strain is associated with a general energy boost, 

mental productivity and increased sociability. 

Durban Poison has proved effective in treatment 

for depression, anxiety, ADD and ADHD, bipolar 

disorder, and even those who suffer from Post- 

Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). This cannabis 

strain has medicinal benefits for many people, 

however, those with insomnia may find falling 

asleep after consuming this strain difficult. 

Ghost Train Haze 

Ghost Train Haze is a sativa-dominant hybrid 

that could easily be classified as some very 

potent cannabis, with very pleasurable effects 

for artistic people. This strain has energy-boosting 

euphoric sensations — great for a morning 

smoke. Ghost Train Haze will have users feeling 

lively and creative. This plant has high THC 

content and is best suitable for frequent cannabis 

users, while those with low tolerance should 

approach this strain with caution. The hybrid 

may make users feel anxious, especially if they 

are not accustomed to some strong sativa or are 

prone to anxiety. If consumed in large quantities, 

possible overthinking and paranoia may be 

experienced. Overthinking can be stressful and 

those with insomnia don’t need more reasons to 

toss and turn at night. 

Insomnia can be detrimental to one’s health 

in the long run, with many other side effects for 

those who don’t get a good night’s sleep. There 

are pharmaceutical treatments for sleep issues, 

but they come with plenty of side effects and 

some can be addictive. Those with insomnia 

looking for a natural solution should look for 

strains that give an awesome night’s sleep. 

“ 

THOSE THAT 

SUFFER FROM 

INSOMNIA 

SHOULD AVOID 

strains energy 

late 

high- 

in 

day 

the 

” 


There are hundreds of cannabis strains and each 

unique strain falls into one of three categories: 

sativa, indica, and hybrid. Sativas are typically 

energizing, while indica strains usually create a 

relaxing euphoria for users. 

Insomnia sufferers should avoid smoking sativa strains, 

especially in the evenings. The energy associated with 

its effects can make it difficult for users to find peaceful 

sleep quickly. If your insomnia is causing daytime 

tiredness or sleepiness, smoking some sativa in the 

morning could help you be more productive. 

The best sleep-inducing cannabis strains are indica 

and indica-dominant hybrids. These strains will 

see you through those sleepless nights. Some 

strains are highly potent, and you should 

“ 

always use caution. Remember, a 

little can go a long way. 

The 

best 

sleep-inducing 

strains 

ARE INDICA AND 

INDICA-DOMINANT HYBRIDS.” 

52 


still helping you grow 

tomatoes 

“ ” 




How to Read 

CBDby 

Product Labels 

When it comes to learning about the 

CBD products you are considering or are 

taking, the product label can often be 

misleading and confusing for consumers. 

Joy 

Smith 

The CBD industry is set for a massive growth in 

the coming decade. Medical research has proven 

the therapeutic benefits of cannabidiol (CBD), 

ranging from neuroprotective to analgesic properties. 

Moreover, CBD is one of the 100 cannabinoids 

identified in the hemp plant. It has a wide range of 

health benefits and is devoid of psychoactive effects. 

Consequently, CBD is being widely manufactured, 

promoted, and used in the form of oil, tinctures, vape 

oil, and soothing salves to manage a myriad of health 

issues. The rise in popularity of this cannabinoid has 

encouraged manufacturers to introduce other innovative 

forms of cannabidiol products, namely CBD 

gummies and sprays. Each of these products have 

labels offering information that can help people select 

the right product for their health care needs. However, 

most CBD consumers often find it tough to decode this 

perplexing and potentially misleading information. 

Read on to learn some valuable tips on deciphering 

the information shared on CBD product labels, enabling 

you to make an informed decision for your well-being. 

54 


First Things First: Know How Much CBD You Need 

In the US, CBD is federally approved for use as a nutritional 

supplement. However, CBD oil doesn’t have a recommended 

dose, overdose level, or an official serving size. Therefore, it 

can be quite confusing to choose a CBD product based merely 

on the manufacturer’s recommendations on the label. 

Furthermore, the one-size-fits-all rule doesn’t apply to CBD 

dosing. So, the rule of thumb is to start low and gradually 

increase the dose until you experience the desired result. 

When determining the right dose of CBD, consider factors 

like the concentration of CBD in the product, your body weight, 

and the severity of the illness into consideration. 

Each CBD product has a different amount of cannabidiol per 

dose. Use the CBD dosage calculator below to determine the 

right dose for you. 

Let’s say a person weighing 180 pounds is suffering from 

severe pain and is looking for a suitable dose of CBD per 

day. He comes across a CBD oil brand offering the following 

information on the label: 

• Serving size: 10 drops 

• Amount of CBD per serving: 25 mg 

In other words, 10 drops = 25 mg cannabidiol or 2.5 mg 

CBD per drop. 

Referring to the Dosage Calculator chart (Figure 1), 

the starting dose for this individual should be 18 mg. 

The number of drops to be administered per day can be 

calculated: 18 mg divided by 2.5 mg = 7.2 or seven drops 

of the product (for a decimal higher than five, consider 

rounding it up to the next number). 

Pay Attention to Contents on Label 

Whether you are buying CBD oil, tincture, or salve, make sure 

to go through the following information on the product label 

before purchasing it: 

Serving Size 

The serving size or servings per unit gives a rough estimate of 

how long the product will last. For instance, 15 servings mean 

the product will last you for 15 days at a once-daily dosage. 

CBD Content 

As seen earlier, CBD content is important for determining the 

appropriate dose. CBD product labels offer information not 

only on the amount of cannabidiol present per serving, but 

also whether the product contains THC. 

The desired level of THC in CBD oil should not exceed 

0.3 per cent. The product label may not carry information about 

the presence of THC if its concentration is below 0.3 per cent. 

Weight 

241 lbs 

Mild 

1.5 mg 

6 mg 

9 mg 12 mg 18 mg 22.5 mg 

Pain Level 

Medium 

Severe 

6 mg 

9 mg 

9 mg 

12 mg 

12 mg 15 mg 22.5 mg 30 mg 

15 mg 18 mg 27 mg 45 mg 

Figure 1: CBD Dosage Calculator for Chronic Pain 


“When browsing the company 

website, it is wise to investigate its 

testing standards, third-party lab test 

results, and the organization’s endeavor 

to offer premium-quality products.” 

Whole Plant or Isolate? 

Check the product label to determine whether the 

manufacturer is using the whole plant (also referred to as 

full spectrum) or CBD isolates in their product. 

Though CBD isolates are becoming popular, it is wise to 

go for a full-spectrum CBD product that contains not only 

cannabidiol, but constituents like terpenes, flavonoids, and 

other cannabinoids that offer a superior therapeutic effect 

in comparison to CBD alone. 

Other Constituents 

Cannabidiol is just one of the many cannabinoids found 

in the hemp plant. Hence, it is normal for a CBD product 

label to carry information on other cannabinoids (not 

including THC) and terpenes. In fact, research shows 

cannabinoids and terpenes work together synergistically 

to elicit the therapeutic effects. 

Furthermore, since cannabidiol has a nutty flavor that may 

not be appreciated by all, the products are infused with 

flavors and natural sweeteners to improve taste and aroma. 

Storage Instructions 

Manufacturers often recommend how to best preserve the 

CBD product in order to prevent it from going rancid over a 

period of time. Also, check the label for the expiration date, 

and purchase a product that exhibits optimal therapeutic 

effect when used. 

Research the CBD Manufacturer 

All CBD product labels carry the name of the manufacturer. 

This gives you an opportunity to research the company and 

determine whether it has a good reputation in the industry. 

When browsing the company website, it is wise 

to investigate its testing standards, third-party lab 

test results, and the organization’s endeavor to offer 

premium-quality products. 

Furthermore, read about 

the strains of CBD and the 

extraction process used by 

the company in manufacturing 

the product. 

A few companies are able 

to sell their CBD products at 

a relatively low cost as they 

use cheap and toxic petroleum-based 

solvents like 

propane, hexane, pentane, 

and butane that can be 

harmful to the human body. 

56 


Several other manufacturers use pharmaceutical-grade 

ethanol to extract CBD and get rid of the hemp plant 

residue. This process is proven to yield the highest level of 

cannabinoids and the products are safe for consumption. 

The supercritical CO 2 extraction process is another method 

of ensuring high-quality CBD products. 

Researching the manufacturer’s website should help 

you find the relevant information for selecting the 

most effective CBD product. 

“The information on 

the CBD product label is 

supposed to be help buyers 

decide on what they need.” 

The burgeoning cannabidiol industry offers 

a wide range of CBD products to customers, 

making it tough to choose a product that will 

best suit their needs. The information on the 

CBD product label is supposed to be help buyers 

decide on what they need. However, more often 

than not, this information becomes a source of 

confusion, thereby preventing customers from 

experiencing the therapeutic benefits of CBD. 

The valuable tips shared in this article will 

help you decipher the information shared on 

CBD product labels, allowing you to purchase 

a product that meets your health goals. 

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58 


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follow us on twitter @max_yield 

Maximum Yield is your 

#1 growing resource. 


maximumyield.com

Art 

The 

Growing Cannabis 

in 

Bubblers 

of 

by Rich Hamilton 

Growing marijuana in bubblers is relatively 

easy and promotes very fast growth from 

the vegetative to the flowering stages, 

allowing growers to get much bigger 

cannabis yields in a shorter time frame. 

Undecided about how to grow your cannabis? Looking for a 

change? Have you considered a bubbler deep water culture 

(DWC for short) system? The principle with bubblers is simple: the 

plant is suspended above an oxygen-rich nutrient solution. The roots 

of the plant hang down into this solution which feeds them 24 hours a 

day, allowing for super-charged growth and development of both plant 

and produce. Bubblers are versatile in letting a person grow a single 

plant, where space is limited, or they can grow many plants. There is no 

soil or coco medium to worry about with bubblers, meaning less mess 

and hassle. Most important, a DWC system has the potential to yield 

massive results with little input. Isn’t that what everyone is after? 

Considerations Before Adding Cannabis Plants to a Bubbler 

So where do you start? Well, bubbler kits are sold as single units 

(pots) that hold one plant. Brands differ in style but generally they 

all do the same thing. However, as the system will be filled with 

water, the last thing you want is a leak, so a good hack to check 

for leaks is to fill your system up in the bathtub and leave it for 

several hours. Like any product, it is possible there could be 

some small manufacturing fault that could cause a leak, so it 

is best to eliminate this risk before you use it. 

How to Transplant Clones/Cuttings to Bubblers 

Once you are satisfied everything is watertight and in good 

working order, you should transplant your cutting/clone. Your 

plants should be ready to go into the vegetative stage and be able 

to handle a strong intense light and feed increase. Cuttings should 

have three stages of nodes which are the vertical levels on the 

main stem where new canopies of leaf formations grow from. If 

growing from seed you are likewise looking for them to have either 

three stages of nodes or to have rooted through a three-inch block of 

stonewool, both of which happen at around the same time. 

When transplanting, I usually add about half the clay pebbles, 

place the stonewool cube in, and fill up with more clay pebbles until 

it is level with the top of the stonewool cube. This way you are not 

pushing or forcing the stonewool into the pebbles and you will cause 

less damage to the roots. 

60 


photo by nebula haze courtesy of freeimages.com Maximum Yield 61

“MOST IMPORTANT, a DWC system has 

the potential to yield massive results with 

little input. Isn’t that what everyone is after?” 

Tips for Setting up Your Bubbler 

Growing in a bubbler follows the same timetable as 

growing using most other systems: four weeks in vegetation 

and eight weeks in flower. Some good tips to remember 

when setting up your bubbler include the following: 

1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

Keep your electric pump motor away from the water in 

your bubbler. I’m sure you don’t need me to tell you that 

water and electricity do not mix. 

For best results make sure the air being pumped into the 

water is originating from an external source so that it is 

the freshest that it can be. 

The positioning of your air stone is crucial. Make sure 

it is centered in the bottom of the main reservoir, so 

all the plant’s roots are receiving an optimum and fair 

distribution of oxygen. 

To start, your plant’s roots will not be long enough 

to reach the nutrient feed in the water, so it is best to 

overfill the bubbler so the water reaches half way up the 

net pot and the roots can drink with ease. 

Use a temperature monitor and control to keep your 

nutrient solution at optimum temperature between 

64-68°F. The warmer your solution is, the lower the 

oxygen level is and the lower the nutrient uptake is. 

Keeping the solution at the perfect temperature will 

also help keep algae and diseases (that thrive at higher 

temperatures) at bay. 

Make sure your nutrients are suitable for a bubbler or, 

even better, are specifically designed for bubblers. You 

want to avoid products containing organic ingredients 

like seaweed and molasses, which, when oxygenated, 

can foam and ferment, forming sticky residues that 

can block pumps, destroy air stones, and lower oxygen 

levels. Bad news all round. 

Top: Clones must be strong enough to withstand the increase in light 

and nutrients that a DWC system will impose upon transplantation. 

Bottom: Be prepared for the challenges that will arise as your plants 

become bigger and heavier. 

Now that you are all set up, how do you keep everything 

running smoothly? The first thing to address is how often 

you should be topping up the solution in your system. The 

answer is whenever your plants need it. The golden rule is 

90 per cent of the roots should be constantly submerged. You 

should prioritize this in the first few weeks, as the plants are 

establishing and strengthening themselves. 

62 

Maximum Yield 

photo by nebula haze courtesy of freeimages.com

photo by nebula haze courtesy of freeimages.com 

“THE GOLDEN rule is 90 per cent 

of the roots should be constantly 

submerged. You should prioritize 

this in the first few weeks, as 

the plants are establishing and 

strengthening themselves.” 

Managing Electrical Conductivity 

Levels in Bubblers 

Electrical Conductivity (EC) and pH management 

are crucial in telling you if your feed 

strength is adequate for your plants. If the EC 

suddenly shoots up, resolve the problem by 

adding fresh water until levels are back within 

range. I would check them once or twice a day to 

keep conditions perfect. You can find the EC and pH 

goal for bubbler systems week by week on any good 

feed chart. If EC levels drop below range, 

I would replace all the liquid in that pot with a fresh 

batch. This is because EC only gives an indication of 

the level of chemicals in the water. If the EC drops, 

then all we know is the plants are taking up more nutrients 

than water. We do not know which element a plant 

is taking more of though, and so removing all the liquid 

ensures we are not overfeeding the plant with any one 

element. Bubbler EC levels, however, are prone to fluctuation, 

so if you do see a change, give it an hour or so 

and check again before taking any action, as it could 

well return to normal levels within that time. 

Replacing the solution in your bubbler becomes more 

challenging as the plant gets bigger and heavier. It’s 

best to prepare in advance for this situation. Prepare a 

new reservoir with fresh feed solution, then gently but 

firmly lift the plant out of the bubbler by the main stem 

supporting the root mass with your other hand (the 

lid and net should still be attached in the middle) and 

then quickly place the plant into the new pot. You can 

then clean out the old reservoir and repeat the process 

with all your other bubblers. You should perform this 

process quickly and efficiently as to cause a minimal 

amount of stress to your plants and to limit the roots 

exposure to the light. Speaking of roots, be sure to 

check, as time goes by, that the roots are not growing 

entirely around the air stone. If this happens, gently 

remove the roots as they can affect the rate of oxygen 

distribution in the reservoir. 

It’s no surprise that bubblers are one of the most 

popular systems on the market today — when 

everything is going well, they are one of the easiest 

systems to assemble. When used with care, the 

bubbler system can be your best friend giving you 

bigger, faster growing plants at a low cost. 

Top: EC levels are prone to fluctuations in DWC systems so accurate 

and regular measurement of levels is crucial. 

Bottom: Roots descend into an oxygen-rich nutrient solution. 


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taking a 

stand.

a newsstand. 

Maximum Yield is excited to announce that 

Maximum Yield Cannabis is NOW AVAILABLE 

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how to grow marijuana outdoors in 

AISED 

ARDENS 

by Wiley Geren 

66 


Marijuana grows exceptionally 

well hydroponically and, as 

writer Wiley Geren tells us, 

cannabis also does very well in 

its natural environment, growing 

outdoors in a raised garden. 

Most states, with the exceptions of South 

Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, and Idaho, 

have legalized marijuana in some form. 

Whether it’s decriminalization, medical 

use, or recreational legalization, America 

has been shrugging off historic stigmas 

associated with cannabis. Brewers and 

beer enthusiasts can make their own brew, 

while gardeners and green enthusiasts can 

cultivate (where legal) their own cannabis. 

Each state has unique possession and 

growing laws that must be adhered to. If 

you are interested in growing cannabis, 

please research and understand the laws 

and regulations in your state. Cannabis, 

just like any other garden plant, has its 

growing preferences including season, 

soil, watering, and spacing, along with 

the different varieties to consider. Indoor 

growing gives gardeners complete control 

over the environment, but control can 

come at a cost. Follow these guidelines for 

cultivating marijuana successfully outdoors 

in a raised garden. 

When to Plant: Avoid the Cold 

Marijuana is a warm-season plant, 

preferring warmth and humidity to cooler, 

dryer temperatures. It is advisable to begin 

planting after the last frost but note colder 

temperatures will adversely affect growth 

and flowering. It’s important to provide 

cannabis with direct sunlight, however, 

too much heat can be just as damaging as 

cold. Prolonged direct sunlight (more than 

eight hours), paired with temperatures 

higher than 90˚F can be detrimental, but 

easily remedied. If plants begin to wilt 

or develop burns, simply provide some 

shade. By using screen material or some 

light cloth, you can erect a covering to limit 

some of that direct sunlight. 

Raised Bed Square-Foot Gardening 

Raised bed square-foot gardening is 

celebrated for its simplicity, structure, 

and growing efficiency. Coupling the 

advantages of a raised bed (accessible, 

controlled soil, and great drainage) with 

square-foot gardening (organization, 

efficient space utilization, and reduced 

watering needs), creates the ideal 

conditions for nearly any plant to thrive, 

including marijuana. 

Matthew Sokolowski, operations manager 

at True Plant Science in Seattle, says 

cannabis loves nutrient-rich soil, good 

drainage, and at least four to six gallons of 

soil per plant. One square foot in an eightinch 

tall raised bed provides a gardener 

roughly five gallons of soil. So, if a grower 

wanted to exclusively plant marijuana 

and they had a 4x4-foot garden bed 

(16 square feet of planting space), they 

could plant 16 plants. Sokolowski notes 

cannabis is fairly adaptive to the space 

given, producing a smaller yield with less 

space and a larger one with more room. 

Here are two spacing options using a 

4x4-foot raised garden as an example. 

Soil, Drainage, and Watering 

Marijuana plants require plenty of nutrients 

to grow strong and vibrant. Backyard soil 

isn’t known for being nutrient-rich, but 

raised beds avoid this issue by letting 

gardeners add their own pre-mixed 

nutritious soil. Soil will 

settle naturally, so be sure 

to add about two inches 

of soil above the top of 

your raised bed. That way 

it remains full to the top 

after settling. Also, don’t 

tamp down the soil when 

you add it. Leave it loose. 

Plants prefer looser soil 

so the roots can grow without obstruction. 

Loose soil also provides for better drainage, 

unlike yard soil which has been compressed 

over time. Cannabis plants, in typical 

conditions, should be watered every few 

days. Every morning, check to see if the soil 

is moist up to an inch below the surface. If 

the soil is crumbly and dry an inch or more 

down, then it’s time to water. 

Which Strain? Sativa Optimum 

for Square-Foot Gardening 

There are two primary strains of 

marijuana. Sativa is more prone to 

growing up/elongating, while indica 

tends to grow bushier and outward. For 

those who intend on growing weed in a 

square-foot bed, sativa is preferable as it 

won’t crowd as much as indica. Air flow 

is important when gardening, and dense 

plant-clusters can keep air from moving 

freely, resulting in mold. 

Overall, you can treat growing marijuana in 

a raised garden the same way as growing 

other warm-weather garden plants. 

Problems with the plants can arise (mold 

and pests) and if that does happen, research 

the issue as you would for any other plant. If 

you give the plants good soil, avoid weather 

extremes, keep an eye out for concerns, 

and water well, you should have a great 

cannabis harvest this season. 

“Raised bed square-foot 

gardening is celebrated 

for its simplicity, structure, 

and growing efficiency.” 


TRUST THE MAD 

SCIENTIST 

Dakine 420 is a leading fertilizer and soil 

medium manufacturer based in Redmond, OR. 

Their products are designed for rapid growth, 

compliments of the genius who is the Mad 

Scientist, the legend responsible for creating 

most of the company’s products. Founder Kelly 

Martin talks about his company. 

494 SW Veterans Way, Redmond, OR 97756 

1-541-420-4645 | dakine420.com 

5 Years in Biz | Motto: “High Yield Science” 

68 


What is in your background that 

drove you to start Dakine 420? 

It is almost a curse, but I am a serial 

entrepreneur. I also consider myself 

a legacy grower — meaning, I was 

growing lots of weed in the US before 

growing weed was legal. I grew up 

in the 1960s in a liberal household 

where both my parents smoked 

pot; neither one drank alcohol. My 

Dad was a closet grower in the 70s 

and by the 80s, I was firing up some 

100-plus light grows. By the 90s I found 

myself serving a four-year federal 

prison sentence for manufacturing 

a controlled substance (growing 

pot). After my incarceration, I was a 

successful landscape contractor for 

nearly 10 years and had a good understanding 

of plants and fertilization. 

In the 80s, growing weed was simple 

trial and error. Other than a handful 

of basic books, very few people were 

willing to help a person grow weed. It 

was a very underground community. 

My friends and I were big fans of 

Peters 20-20-20 all-purpose fertilizer. 

What motivated you to 

start a fertilizer and soil 

manufacturing company? 

In the late 90s and early 2000s, I was 

amazed at the cost of liquid-based 

fertilizers targeting the cannabis 

community. There are some great products 

out there, but it really pissed me off to 

spend ridiculous amounts of money on 

fertilizers. Many lines are broken down 

into so many parts, it compounds the 

price-per-gallon many times over. I first 

started toying with the idea of a nutrient 

line around 2010 but didn’t start the 

research until 2013. I finally launched 

Dakine 420 in 2014. There is a real science 

behind quality fertilizers and I got lucky 

meeting the right PhD chemist whom 

I refer to as the “Mad Scientist.” I sent 

him a nutrient line that I liked and asked 

him to reverse engineer it and make it 

better. After the testing, he called back 

to ask me why people liked that line 

so well because, in his opinion, it was 

very watered down. We talked about 

manufacturing powders instead of liquids 

and I was reluctant at first. He assured 

me he could develop a simple line of 

powders that would “knock my socks 

off,” so I agreed to R&D the powders. 

“THE TIDE IS 

TURNING 

TOWARD 

POWDERS.” 


The results were crazy — pH balanced, the cleanest line I had 

ever seen, and the plants loved them. Costs and sustainability 

factors hit home. The first year, it was tough to convince 

people that my powders kicked ass. Now, with hundreds of 

photos and testimonials based on results, the verdict is in: 

They work great! Add in low cost and sustainability factors, 

and the tide is turning toward powders. 

We notice you manufacture coco-based soilless 

mediums also. How is that going? 

It was a big risk to take on manufacturing soils. The 

margins are thin and blending packaging and shipping 

is costly and labor intense. I saw it as an opportunity to 

add to the line and help promote the use of our nutrients. 

Seems that growers are a little more receptive to trying a 

new grow medium vs. switching nutrients. We also have 

a proprietary “secret sauce” that kicks butt and (we) blend 

all our products indoors to eliminate pest issues. 

What’s up with the Mad Scientist? I love him! 

We have a ton of fun branding the depiction of Einstein as our 

Mad Scientist. It allows our brand to stand out, while allowing 

us to tell a story of the science behind our product line. 

“WE CONSIDER OURSELVES 

ADVOCATES FOR THE 

CANNABIS INDUSTRY.” 

Why the name Dakine 420, and did you 

get pushback for using 420? 

Very little pushback. I think our timing was good with the 

legalization progress. Had it been five years earlier, I am sure 

we would have had some issues with 420. I understand the 

position of other companies not wanting to promote cannabis 

for liability reasons, but we all know who uses those products 

and it is certainly not the tomato farmer! Dakine is a Hawaiian 

slang word meaning “the kind” or “high quality.” I thought it 

was a cool name — not to mention, I love Hawaii. 

70 


“OUR MISSION IS TO DO 

THE BEST WE CAN TO 

ENSURE THE SUCCESS 

OF OUR USER BASE AND 

ADAPT TO INDUSTRY 

CONDITIONS AS NEEDED.” 

What is your company culture and what 

makes you different? 

We consider ourselves advocates for the cannabis industry. 

Our sales reps are experienced growers who help other 

growers achieve success in the garden (send us photos, tell 

us what’s up, and we will help diagnose problems or talk 

grow talk). Try this level of personal engagement with the 

leading brands and see what help they are! Our guys rock! 

Is Dakine 420 launching any products 

in the near future? 

Yes! We have a bloom boost we call “Shock and Awe,” as 

well as powdered pH up-and-down, a new foliar product, 

and a cal/mag supplement we introduced in 2018. 

“Shock and Awe” sounds impressive. 

That’s what the Mad Scientist told me to get ready for, and 

I thought it was a great name. When he developed our 

microbial root powder, he told me it would grow roots on 

a bowling ball, which I thought was a bold statement. It 

lived up to its name (just ask Harry, my bowling ball). 

What words of wisdom can you share about 

the industry as you see it? 

As a business owner, it’s about honesty, integrity, and hard 

work. We want our retailers and growers to succeed with 

our products. People misjudge how difficult the cannabis 

industry can be. From banking and compliance issues, to 

oversupplying the market, a lot of people can and do get 

hurt financially. We see firsthand the struggles people in the 

industry face as it evolves. Our mission is to do the best we 

can to ensure the success of our user base and adapt to 

industry conditions as needed. As I stated earlier, we are 

advocates for the industry. 


the magazine you 

can’t put down... 

even when you 

probably should. 




aking a 

FOOL OF MYSELF 

by Watermelon 

PEARIJUANA 

PHYLLO 

TART 

INGREDIENTS 

SAUCE: 

• 4 medium-firm pears 

• 0.5 grams of shake flour 

• 1/4 cup butter 

• 1/4 cup maple syrup 

• 1/8 tsp. nutmeg 

• 1/4 tsp. cinnamon 

• 20 whole cloves 

• pinch of salt 

PASTRY: 

• 4-5 sheets of phyllo pastry 

• 1/4 cup of butter melted 

INSTRUCTIONS 

1. Quarter and cut pears into medium-thin slices. 

2. In a sauce pan, on low heat, melt butter and shake flour together. Cook for one minute. 

3. Add maple syrup and sliced pears. 

4. Once the pear slices begin to soften, add the cinnamon, nutmeg, and salt. 

5. Individually brush each sheet of phyllo with melted butter, paying close attention to the 

edges. Layer one buttered sheet at a time in your pie plate on different angles letting 

the excess fall over the sides evenly around the perimeter. (Don’t be shy with the butter. 

The more you put on the phyllo the crispier it gets.) 

6. When the pears reach the softness consistency you like, remove from the heat and pour 

the pear/sauce mix directly into the center of the phyllo-filled pie plate. 

7. Fold in the phyllo edges into the center in a ruching fashion, making the pie tart look 

a bit like a white rose. Pierce some of the ruched phyllo down with your whole cloves 

making a nice design on your Pearijuana Tart. 

8. Brush a bit more butter on the top of the phyllo before baking (Ooh, the decadence!) 

9. Bake at 325°F for 8-10 minutes. 

(Keep a close eye on your tart. Phyllo burns easily and we are looking for “golden”) 

10. Let cool before serving. Ice cream and whipped cream make excellent toppings. 

11. Party On! 


aking a 

FOOL OF 

MYSELF 

by Watermelon 

To get the most 

out of home 

baking, grow your own 

organic cannabis plants 

if you can. This is the best and 

cheapest way. Cure some for smoking, if you’re into that, dry 

everything else for baking. Remove any twigs, stalks, or fibrous 

material, and grind up all the rest in a high-powered blender. 

Run it through a tight mesh sifter, then store shake flour in 

an air tight container in your fridge or freezer. Take out when 

ready to bake and keep a point scale in your kitchen. Once that 

is done, follow these eight tips to be a better home baker. 

CONSIDER YOUR SOURCE 

Indoor plants are stronger than outdoor as they have a denser 

trichome profile. You will use approximately half of the 

required amount from outdoor shake flour when using indoor 

grown plants for your recipes. Home bakers don’t need to use 

high-end cannabis. You can use lower-grade plants or leaves 

trimmed off the buds. Also, are your flowers free from pesticides? 

Bugs? Mold? You will not want to bake with moldy weed. 

CONSIDER YOUR FATS 

Some oils’ smoking points are better for converting your 

cannabis than others. Some have flavors that are stronger. 

Butter is always a good source, but you could use any oil or 

fat. Olive oil. Grape seed oil. Coconut oil. Sesame oil. Peanut 

oil. Animal fats (bacon). Playing around with different fats is 

where all the fun happens. Consider crumbling some hash or 

kief on top of pizza and watch the conversion with the cheese or 

pepperoni while it bakes. 

CONSIDER YOUR TEMPERATURE 

There are no hard and fast rules for temperature when 

converting. The delta is somewhere between 200-350°F 

depending on what you are trying to achieve and your 

preferred fat. Low and slow was the failsafe method for 

decades, but we’ve learned you can get 

a very good conversion at higher 

temperatures even though you may 

lose some terpenes in the process. 

Conversely, other terpenes 

require higher temperatures 

in order to be released. 

CONSIDER CONVERTING 

IN ALCOHOL 

I have made dozens of cannabis 

infusions by converting in alcohol 

first then adding that to my recipes. 

8important considerations for 

home bakers 

Home bakers are the new home brewers! 

In her 25 years of home baking with cannabis, Watermelon has learned 

a thing or two. As edibles become the preferred method of ingestion, she 

shares her secrets of baking with cannabis so all home bakers can benefit. 

You don’t need a lab coat, ethanol, or a Bunsen burner. We 

home bakers need an oven and we can use any alcohol we 

like. Rum? Tequila? Black sambuca? Simply place some 

dried cannabis flowers and leaves on a cookie sheet and 

toast in the oven for 10 minutes without burning it. Then, 

stuff a mason jar with those toasted plants and pour in 

your favorite booze. Seal with a tight-fitting lid and put 

away for a week, maybe two. Then strain and… voila! You 

can also put uncooked dried cannabis in a mason jar with 

your alcohol of choice, then double boil on the stovetop 

for a few minutes. This technique reduces some alcohol 

content while increasing cannabis conversion. Pay attention. 

You can simply put non-cooked cannabis in a jar with 

alcohol, too, but it won’t be as strong. 

CONSIDER SHELF LIFE 

Let’s face it, cannabis is expensive. Making edibles that 

have a long shelf life will protect against waste. I prefer 

recipes that improve with age like rum balls or ginger 

snaps and avoid things like pastries and puddings that 

may not all be eaten right away. Oxygen and light are 

the enemy of long-lasting food items. Think back to those 

old cookie tins with the super tight-fitting lids, designed 

to keep your cookies in the dark and without atmosphere. 

Get yourself a quality cookie tin. Sometimes, if you are 

lucky, those big, old-fashioned cookie tins can be found in 

a thrift store. Do your self a favor and buy one next time 

you see one. Also, you can freeze any uneaten edibles for a 

later date. By the way, it doesn’t have to always be sweets. 

CONSIDER COLOR 

Marijuana is such a vibrant green color when fresh and 

sometimes even dry. After it is cooked, however, it can turn 

an ugly, cat puke, greenish-brown. Home bakers using raw 

plant material need to consider this in the final product. 

For example, shortbread versus gingersnap. The gingersnap 

will hide the color but shortbread… not so much, 

unless you are using a clear tincture. Home bakers use 

fresh or dried flowers. Adding tincture to foods is not home 

baking. Pick ingredients that will mask, complement, or 

enhance the cannabis color like spinach, lime zest, or 

creme de menthe. 

CONSIDER POTENCY GOALS 

A little, properly converted, cannabis can be very potent. 

The amount required for low-dose edibles is less than 

0.25 grams of outdoor grown marijuana and 0.12 grams 

converted yields around 10-15 mg, which means you 

could potentially make nine low-dose edibles with one 

gram. A little goes a long way. 

See pg. 73 for Pearijuana 

Phyllo Tart Recipe 

WM 

Watermelon is a Vancouver-based entrepreneur who loves to tango, tell jokes, bake, get baked, suntan nude, 

and host dinner parties. She has graced the cover of most leading marijuana magazines including Maximum 

Yield. You can find her Baking a Fool of Myself videos on YouTube and her backstory at maximumyield.com. 

74 


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© 2019 PX2 Holdings, LLC. All rights reserved.

Maximum Yield Cannabis | USA Edition | Vol. 02 Issue 01 2019

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