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Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) as the name suggests is a progressive disorder with no known aetiology. It is characterised by the thickening of the alveoli due to scarring resulting in cough. It is known to primarily occur in older adults over 60 years of age. The findings of IPF have a known association of Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (UIP) (Raghu et al., 2011; Kawano-Dourado & Kairalla, 2013; Wells, 2013). It has been deemed that the prognosis is generally poor when UIP has been confirmed (King et al., 2001b). The median survival rate of IPF is 50%, typically around two years after diagnosis (Raghu et al., 2011; King et al., 2001b).
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) as the name suggests is a progressive disorder with no known aetiology. It is characterised by the thickening of the alveoli due to scarring resulting in cough. It is known to primarily occur in older adults over 60 years of age. The findings of IPF have a known association of Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (UIP) (Raghu et al., 2011; Kawano-Dourado & Kairalla, 2013; Wells, 2013). It has been deemed that the prognosis is generally poor when UIP has been confirmed (King et al., 2001b). The median survival rate of IPF is 50%, typically around two years after diagnosis (Raghu et al., 2011; King et al., 2001b).
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3.2 Meta-analysis of Randomised Controlled Trials<br />
On the basis of the aims and objectives of the present research, meta-analysis is<br />
selected which could answer the research questions. A meta-analysis is defined as the<br />
quantitative research method which is non-experimental and could collect data as a pool<br />
together from two or more experimental studies that possess similar hypothesis (Bruce et al.,<br />
2008; Anderson, 2010). For the present meta-analysis, Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT)<br />
studies are used. The definition for RCT is as follows: “An experiment which is<br />
epidemiological wherein the selected subjects in a population were allocated randomly into<br />
two different groups namely the study group and the control group wherein these groups were<br />
allocated with or without experimental preventive procedure or intervention”. The assessment<br />
of the results of an RCT is based on the comparison of disease rates, death, recovery or other<br />
outcomes in both control and study groups (Rajagopalan et al., 2013). One alternative term<br />
for RCT is Randomised trial which is used as a synonym in many cases; however some<br />
researchers tend to use ‘randomised trial’ to compare multiple treatment groups with each<br />
other which is different from RCTs wherein comparison is made between treatment groups<br />
and control groups/ placebo groups (Ranjith, 2005). The publishing of first RCT is facilitated<br />
by Sir A. Bradford Hill (Anon, 1948) who served as an epidemiologist for the Medical<br />
Research Council of England. However, the development of randomisation as a principle<br />
experimental design method took place in the year 1920 (Armitage, 2003). However, in the<br />
recent years, RCTs have found a unique position in medical researches and have become an<br />
optimal method for rational therapeutics (Meldrum, 2000). The selection of RCTs for metaanalysis<br />
is based on the fact that RCTs yield important research information and an<br />
examination of research findings from several RCTs could provide further more insights on<br />
the research topic.<br />
3.3 Research Procedure<br />
As aforementioned, several approaches of research are available wherein for the aim<br />
of reporting and to examine the conduct of the research, the PRISMA guidelines is utilised in<br />
the present research.<br />
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