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Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) as the name suggests is a progressive disorder with no known aetiology. It is characterised by the thickening of the alveoli due to scarring resulting in cough. It is known to primarily occur in older adults over 60 years of age. The findings of IPF have a known association of Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (UIP) (Raghu et al., 2011; Kawano-Dourado & Kairalla, 2013; Wells, 2013). It has been deemed that the prognosis is generally poor when UIP has been confirmed (King et al., 2001b). The median survival rate of IPF is 50%, typically around two years after diagnosis (Raghu et al., 2011; King et al., 2001b).
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) as the name suggests is a progressive disorder with no known aetiology. It is characterised by the thickening of the alveoli due to scarring resulting in cough. It is known to primarily occur in older adults over 60 years of age. The findings of IPF have a known association of Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (UIP) (Raghu et al., 2011; Kawano-Dourado & Kairalla, 2013; Wells, 2013). It has been deemed that the prognosis is generally poor when UIP has been confirmed (King et al., 2001b). The median survival rate of IPF is 50%, typically around two years after diagnosis (Raghu et al., 2011; King et al., 2001b).
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2.2.10 Prognosis<br />
One of the most frequent interstitial lung diseases, IPF, has the worst prognosis, with<br />
a medial survival of two to three years (NCBI, 2000).As per the outcomes of studies on the<br />
prognosis of IPF, several components, like old age, male, smoking history, dyspnea,<br />
decreased pulmonary operation, enhanced eosinophils or neutrophils in the bronchoalveolar<br />
lavage, radiological abnormality, honeycombing opacity on HRCT and fibroblast foci on<br />
biopsy, were exhibited to be related with poor prognosis (Flaherty et al., 2003a; Nicholson et<br />
al., 2002; King et al., 2001a). It was analysed by Cano et al. (2004) that the BMI was one of<br />
the mortality indicators due to several reasons in 446 patients who had chronic respiratory<br />
failures, and that BMI was related with prognosis of patients with opposed pulmonary<br />
deterioration. Out of the aforesaid patients, 162 patients had opposed pulmonary<br />
deterioration33, but most of them were patients with chest wall abnormality or<br />
kyphoscoliosis. In this study, unluckily the outcome was acquired from patients who had<br />
chronic respiratory failure due to several reasons since the ratio of patients with interstitial<br />
lung disease or IPF was not exhibited, it was strenuous to precisely associate BMI with<br />
mortality risk which was caused by IPF (Cano et al., 2004). High BMI imparted to the<br />
enhancement of the survival time of patients with IPF34 was analysed and the malnutrition<br />
level caused thymic atrophy and decreased T-lymphocyte operation, thus enhancing<br />
inflammation risk and reducing the survival (Tilg & Moschen, 2006; Savino, 2002).<br />
2.2.11 Predictors of Survival in IPF<br />
The anticipated survival in IPF is exhibited by many discrete clinical variables. These<br />
may be further subdivided into clinical indicators derived from the history and physical<br />
examination, physiologic predictors, radiographic predictors, pathologic predictors, and<br />
biomarker predictors. Components that are related usually with reduced survival duration<br />
comprise: older age, history of smoking, more acute physiologic deterioration, lower body<br />
mass index (BMI), greater radiologic magnitude of disease, and the progression of other<br />
problems or situations, specifically, emphysema, pulmonary hypertension and bronchogenic<br />
cancer (Alakhras et al., 2007; Nadrous et al., 2005; Collard et al., 2003; King et al., 2001b).<br />
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