Systematic-Review-Drug-Efficiency-Dissertation-Sample-Work-Tutors-India

infection and IPF (Wangoo et al., 1997; Zamò et al., 2005). No ultimate inference
on the role of EBV infection in the evolution of IPF has been drawn regardless of
the large number of studies. This is mainly due to the high prevalence of viral
infection in general population (Raghu et al., 2011).
• Gastroesophageal reflux: The relation of microaspiration in gastroesophageal
reflux is observed with IPF (Tobin et al., 1998; Raghu et al., 2006b).
• Diabetes Mellitus (DM): The relation of DM with IPF has been observed in a
current study as well (Gribbin et al., 2006).
2.2.4.2 Geneti risk factors
Familial idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: A strong relation with familial IPF is observed
with mutation in the Surfactant Protein-C (SFTPC) gene (Thomas et al., 2002); while, this
mutation is unfamiliar in sporadic IPF (Selman et al., 2003; Lawson et al., 2004). One of the
reasons of type II Alveolar Epithelial Cell (AECII) injury is considered to be the SFTPC gene
mutation (Thomas et al., 2002). Familial IPF is also described due to a rare mutation in gene
encoded for surfactant protein-A2 (SFTPA2) (Wang et al., 2009). Current studies on familial
IPF recognized a mutation in the Human Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase (hTERT) gene
(Armanios et al., 2007; Tsakiri et al., 2007; Alder et al., 2008; Diaz de Leon et al., 2010).
This mutation results in the compression of telomere which may eventually cause the alveolar
epithelial cell apoptosis (Raghu et al., 2011).
Sporadic idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: There is no genetic component recognized till
date which is persistently related with sporadic IPF (Raghu et al., 2011). Polymorphisms of
genes encoding Interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, ), Transforming Growth
Factor-β1 (TGF-β1), Tumour Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α angiotensin converting enzyme and
Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) although have been perceived, in some cases of
sporadic IPF unpredictably (Riha et al., 2004; Vasakova et al., 2007; Hutyrová et al., 2002b;
Renzoni et al., 2000; Pantelidis et al., 2001; Xaubet et al., 2003c; Whittington et al., 2003;
Morrison et al., 2001; Checa et al., 2008).
© 2017-2018 All Rights Reserved, No part of this document should be modified/used without prior consent
Tutors India - Your trusted mentor since 2001
www.tutorindia.com I UK # +44-1143520021, info@tutorsindia.com
Page 27 of 172