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Systematic-Review-Drug-Efficiency-Dissertation-Sample-Work-Tutors-India

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) as the name suggests is a progressive disorder with no known aetiology. It is characterised by the thickening of the alveoli due to scarring resulting in cough. It is known to primarily occur in older adults over 60 years of age. The findings of IPF have a known association of Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (UIP) (Raghu et al., 2011; Kawano-Dourado & Kairalla, 2013; Wells, 2013). It has been deemed that the prognosis is generally poor when UIP has been confirmed (King et al., 2001b). The median survival rate of IPF is 50%, typically around two years after diagnosis (Raghu et al., 2011; King et al., 2001b). Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) as the name suggests is a progressive disorder with no known aetiology. It is characterised by the thickening of the alveoli due to scarring resulting in cough. It is known to primarily occur in older adults over 60 years of age. The findings of IPF have a known association of Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (UIP) (Raghu et al., 2011; Kawano-Dourado & Kairalla, 2013; Wells, 2013). It has been deemed that the prognosis is generally poor when UIP has been confirmed (King et al., 2001b). The median survival rate of IPF is 50%, typically around two years after diagnosis (Raghu et al., 2011; King et al., 2001b).

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(6). pp. 515–20. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20708704. du Bois, R.M. (2010). Strategies for treating idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Nature reviews. Drug discovery. [Online]. 9 (2). pp. 129–40. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20094055. du Bois, R.M., Weycker, D., Albera, C., Bradford, W.Z., Costabel, U., Kartashov, A., Lancaster, L., Noble, P.W., Raghu, G., Sahn, S.A., Szwarcberg, J., Thomeer, M., Valeyre, D. & King, T.E. (2011). Ascertainment of individual risk of mortality for patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine. [Online]. 184 (4). pp. 459–66. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21616999. Bois, R.M. du, Weycker, D., Albera, C., Bradford, W.Z., Costabel, U., Kartashov, A., Lancaster, L., Noble, P.W., Sahn, S.A., Szwarcberg, J., Thomeer, M., Valeyre, D. & King, T.E. (2011). Six-Minute-Walk Test in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine. [Online]. 183 (9). pp. 1231–1237. Available from: http://www.atsjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1164/rccm.201007-1179OC. Boon, K., Bailey, N.W., Yang, J., Steel, M.P., Groshong, S., Kervitsky, D., Brown, K.K., Schwarz, M.I. & Schwartz, D.A. (2009). Molecular Phenotypes Distinguish Patients with Relatively Stable from Progressive Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) O. Eickelberg (ed.). PLoS ONE. [Online]. 4 (4). pp. e5134. Available from: http://dx.plos.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0005134. Booth, B.W., Adler, K.B., Bonner, J.C., Tournier, F. & Martin, L.D. (2001). Interleukin-13 induces proliferation of human airway epithelial cells in vitro via a mechanism mediated by transforming growth factor-alpha. American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology. 25 (6). pp. 739–743. Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J.P.T. & Rothstein, H.R. (2009). Introduction to Meta-Analysis. United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Bouros, D., Hatzakis, K., Labrakis, H. & Zeibecoglou, K. (2002). Association of malignancy with diseases causing interstitial pulmonary changes. Chest. 121 (4). pp. 1278–89. © 2017-2018 All Rights Reserved, No part of this document should be modified/used without prior consent Tutors India - Your trusted mentor since 2001 www.tutorindia.com I UK # +44-1143520021, info@tutorsindia.com Page 116 of 172

Bowling, A. (2009). Research Methods in Health: Investigating Health and Health Services. 3rd Ed. Maidenhead: Open University Press. Broide, D.H. (2008). Immunologic and inflammatory mechanisms that drive asthma progression to remodeling. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 121 (3). pp. 560-570-572. Bruce, N., Pope, D. & Stanistreet, D. (2008). Quantitative Methods for Health Research: A Practical Interactive Guide to Epidemiology and Statistics. 1st Ed. London: Wiley. Buerke, U., Schneider, J., Rösler, J. & Woitowitz, H.-J. (2002). Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis after severe exposure to welding fumes. American journal of industrial medicine. 41 (4). pp. 259–268. Burger, R.M., Peisach, J. & Horwitz, S.B. (1981). Activated bleomycin. A transient complex of drug, iron, and oxygen that degrades DNA. The Journal of biological chemistry. 256 (22). pp. 11636–11644. Burkhardt, A. (1989). Alveolitis and collapse in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. The American review of respiratory disease. 140 (2). pp. 513–524. Caminati, A., Bianchi, A., Cassandro, R., Rosa Mirenda, M. & Harari, S. (2009). Walking distance on 6-MWT is a prognostic factor in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respiratory Medicine. [Online]. 103 (1). pp. 117–123. Available from: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S095461110800259X. Cano, N.J.M., Pichard, C., Roth, H., Court-Fortuné, I., Cynober, L., Gérard-Boncompain, M., Cuvelier, A., Laaban, J.-P., Melchior, J.-C., Raphaël, J.-C., Pison, C.M. & Clinical Research Group of the Société Francophone de Nutrition Entérale et Parentérale (2004). C-reactive protein and body mass index predict outcome in end-stage respiratory failure. Chest. 126 (2). pp. 540–546. Card, J.W., Racz, W.J., Brien, J.F., Margolin, S.B. & Massey, T.E. (2003). Differential effects of pirfenidone on acute pulmonary injury and ensuing fibrosis in the hamster model of amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity. Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology. [Online]. 75 (1). pp. 169–80. Available from: © 2017-2018 All Rights Reserved, No part of this document should be modified/used without prior consent Tutors India - Your trusted mentor since 2001 www.tutorindia.com I UK # +44-1143520021, info@tutorsindia.com Page 117 of 172

Bowling, A. (2009). Research Methods in Health: Investigating Health and Health Services.<br />

3rd Ed. Maidenhead: Open University Press.<br />

Broide, D.H. (2008). Immunologic and inflammatory mechanisms that drive asthma<br />

progression to remodeling. The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology. 121 (3). pp.<br />

560-570-572.<br />

Bruce, N., Pope, D. & Stanistreet, D. (2008). Quantitative Methods for Health Research: A<br />

Practical Interactive Guide to Epidemiology and Statistics. 1st Ed. London: Wiley.<br />

Buerke, U., Schneider, J., Rösler, J. & Woitowitz, H.-J. (2002). Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis<br />

after severe exposure to welding fumes. American journal of industrial medicine. 41 (4).<br />

pp. 259–268.<br />

Burger, R.M., Peisach, J. & Horwitz, S.B. (1981). Activated bleomycin. A transient complex<br />

of drug, iron, and oxygen that degrades DNA. The Journal of biological chemistry. 256<br />

(22). pp. 11636–11644.<br />

Burkhardt, A. (1989). Alveolitis and collapse in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis. The<br />

American review of respiratory disease. 140 (2). pp. 513–524.<br />

Caminati, A., Bianchi, A., Cassandro, R., Rosa Mirenda, M. & Harari, S. (2009). Walking<br />

distance on 6-MWT is a prognostic factor in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respiratory<br />

Medicine. [Online]. 103 (1). pp. 117–123. Available from:<br />

http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S095461110800259X.<br />

Cano, N.J.M., Pichard, C., Roth, H., Court-Fortuné, I., Cynober, L., Gérard-Boncompain, M.,<br />

Cuvelier, A., Laaban, J.-P., Melchior, J.-C., Raphaël, J.-C., Pison, C.M. & Clinical<br />

Research Group of the Société Francophone de Nutrition Entérale et Parentérale (2004).<br />

C-reactive protein and body mass index predict outcome in end-stage respiratory failure.<br />

Chest. 126 (2). pp. 540–546.<br />

Card, J.W., Racz, W.J., Brien, J.F., Margolin, S.B. & Massey, T.E. (2003). Differential<br />

effects of pirfenidone on acute pulmonary injury and ensuing fibrosis in the hamster<br />

model of amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity. Toxicological sciences : an official<br />

journal of the Society of Toxicology. [Online]. 75 (1). pp. 169–80. Available from:<br />

© 2017-2018 All Rights Reserved, No part of this document should be modified/used without prior consent<br />

<strong>Tutors</strong> <strong>India</strong> - Your trusted mentor since 2001<br />

www.tutorindia.com I UK # +44-1143520021, info@tutorsindia.com<br />

Page 117 of 172

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