Display Standard - Veritas et Visus

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Veritas et Visus Display Standard February 2009 and XGA (1024x768) emerged in 1990. UXGA (1600x1200) emerged in 1996, and SXGA+ (1400x1050) emerged in 1998. The vast majority of the displays used in notebook PCs and PC monitors adopted the 4:3 aspect ratio for almost 20 years starting from the late-1980s. At the high end of the PC market, monitor makers implemented a 5:4 aspect ratio, for both CRTs and LCDs – at a 1280x1024 pixel format. In the 1980s, high-end computer enthusiasts quickly recognized that for intensive graphics applications, 640x480 was simply inadequate – they needed displays at a higher resolution. So, monitor designers dusted off an advanced display developed in the early 1970s for the TV industry to showcase “high definition” – it was in the 5:4 aspect ratio that was common for TVs at the time with a pixel format of 1280x1024. From this legacy, the “high-end” 5:4 graphics format was created. The 16:9 aspect ratio for the TV market: The original HDTV aspect ratio of 15:9 was drawn up by NHK (Japan Broadcasting Corporation) in the late 1970's. NHK’s choice of 15:9 (1.67) was based on a series of perception tests they conducted, which tried to identify an optimum aspect ratio for the viewers watching small-screen TV sets. Starting in the mid-1980s, the TV industry in the US, through the Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC), proposed a transition to an all-digital television broadcasting system in a 16:9 aspect ratio (1.78). The U.S. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) formally adopted the ATSC recommendation in December 1996, mandating the new broadcasting standard into law, to be fully implemented by 2006, (a timeline that has been delayed several times). In addition to the United States, as of January 2004, the governments of Canada, South Korea, Taiwan, and Argentina formally adopted the ATSC standard. Most other nations have since followed suit. Interestingly, when the 16:9 aspect ratio was established by the ATSC, there was not a single display in existence that was manufactured in a 16:9 form factor and there was not a single camera in existence that capture movie or TV images at a 16:9 aspect ratio.. The ATSC 16:9 format was simply a compromise solution, which was not being produced by anyone at the time – either in terms of displays or content. The 16:9 compromise was developed by Kerns Powers, one of the ATSC members who identified a way to encompass all of the existing aspect ratios, (see graphic to the right). The Kerns Powers compromise solution of 16:9 enabled all existing film aspect ratios to fit and was adopted by the ATSC, even though no displays or devices existed at the time in this aspect ratio. Wide aspect ratios in the PC market: Several years ago, my job at Dell was to lead the company’s strategy related to the displays used in notebook PCs. One of my efforts was to shift Dell’s notebooks to wide aspect ratio displays. I personally spent literally hundreds of hours in meetings with LCD manufacturers to identify the best wide aspect ratio solution. The discussions included considerations about the human visual system, optimal sizes for notebook PC designs (especially considering the keyboard layout), optimization of PC software on widescreens, PC/TV convergence possibilities, driver and graphics card considerations, and substrate optimization. Unlike the Kerns Powers’ 16:9 compromise solution for the TV market, the 16:10 aspect ratio was developed based on a rather rigorous analysis of the pros and cons of various alternatives. Although Dell with three LCD makers to produce 15.4-inch panels in a 16:10 aspect ratio, and preliminary plans were put into place to shift Dell’s notebook offerings entirely from 15.0-inch in a 4:3 format to 15.4-inch in a 16:10 format, ultimately Dell’s management decided not to proceed with the program, stating that “Dell’s customers were not asking for wide aspect ratios…” Well, about a year later, Apple came out with their first wide aspect ratio 6
Veritas et Visus Display Standard February 2009 notebooks, to very popular acclaim, and less than a year after that, Dell’s customers were indeed asking for wide aspect ratios. But rather than leading the market to wide aspect ratios, Dell was one of the last major PC companies to introduce a notebook PC with a wide aspect ratio display. It should be noted that my efforts at Dell to popularize the notion of displays at a 16:10 aspect ratio were not entirely unique ideas. Other concurrent efforts included: � Apple’s 22.0-inch Studio Display was introduced as an extension of the SXGA (1280x1024) form factor, widened to 1600x1024 (a 1.56 aspect ratio). Apple also introduced a notebook using a 15-.2-inch display at a 15:10 aspect ratio, (3:2), in an effort to sustain the x-axis of a 14.1-inch display (4:3). Apple also claimed advantages with the 3:2 format since it is the same as DVDs (720x480). As the 16:10 aspect ratio gained popularity, Apple switched over to a 16:10 solution for all of its notebooks and monitors by 2005 – becoming the first PC company to exclusively offer wide aspect ratio displays. For both their Studio Display and their PowerBook G4, Apple chose to keep the y-pixel count unchanged from that of a more typical aspect ratio. For their 22.0” Studio Display at 1600x1024, this meant widening the x-dimension from a 5:4 ratio, creating a unique 25:16 aspect ratio. For their 15.2” PowerBook G4 display, they chose to widen the xdimension from a 4:3 ratio to another unique solution, this time to 1152 pixels and a 15:10 aspect ratio. � In 2002, NEC introduced a notebook with a 15.3-inch display at 1280x768 pixels, (a 15:9 aspect ratio). In 2005, HP made a big push to introduce 14.0-inch panels at 1280x768 pixels. Both of these efforts were doomed to failure – NEC’s engineers were chartering new ground a lone effort that got little popular support; HP’s engineers simply made a gross mistake, as the 16:10 precedent was already obvious – with the 16:10 solution trumping the 15:9 solution in almost all scenarios. � Sony, Fujitsu, Sharp, and Toshiba all introduced “sub-notebooks” with wide aspect ratios in the early 2000s at a variety of panel sizes and aspect ratios. Sony’s 8.9-inch portable PC at 1024x480 pixels; Fujitsu’s 8.8-inch solution at 1024x512 pixels; Sharp’s 7.1inch screen at 800x480 pixels; Toshiba’s Libretto 1100 with a 7.1-inch display at 800x480 pixels; Toshiba’s Libretto L1 with 10.0-inch panel at 1280x600 pixels. These wide-aspect ratio – “sub-notebooks” were all introduced in the period from 2000 to 2002. � IBM introduced their 22.0-inch T221 display in 2001 at 3840x2400 pixels – the first commercially available display at a 16:10 aspect ratio. 7
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Display Standard - Veritas et Visus

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