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almost all historians, have accepted the Marxian inteq>retacion of the Industrial Revolution.- The one exception is Ashton.^ Karl Marx, in the second part of his career, was not an interventionist; he was in favor of laissez faire. Because he expected the breakdown of capitalism and the subsotuDon of socialism to come 6om the full maturity of capitalism, he >*:as in favx>r of lettmg capitalism develop. In this regard he >\-as, in his wndngs and in hb books, a supporter of economic freedom. Marx believed that inter\'entionist measures wvre unfa\x>rable because they delayed the coming of socialism. Labor unions recommended interventions and, theirfore. Marx was opposed to them. Labor unions don't produce an>thing am-wa^' and il ^-ould haxr been impossible to raise x^-age rales if producen hjd not actxiallv produced more. Marx claimed iniervrniiom hun the interests of the >%'orken. The German socialists voted against (Otto \x>n| Bismarck s social retbrms that he instituted circa IKHl (Marx died in 1H^3). And m this country the Conmiunists were against the New Deal. Ot' course, the real reason (6t their opposition to the gosrrnment in powrr was very different. No opposition parrv- wants to assign so much poxk-et to aniHher party In drafting socialist progranu. csrrvbodv assumes tacitly that he himself will be the planner or the dictator, or thai the planner or dictator will be intellectually completely dependent on him and thai the planner of dictator will be his hand>-nun No one wants to be a ungie member in the pLuimng scheme ol" M>mebi>dv else IhcNC idcj% ot planning g\» back to Plato's treatise on the form of the conimoijwcalth Vhto wa* \xr\ outspoken He planned a »\-siem ruled e.xcluMvcly by phiUm>phcr\ He wanted to rlimiruie aU iiKiisidual rights and decisions Nobody thould gi» an\'wheTe. rest, sleeps c*t, drink, wash. unless he wj\ told to do u» IMato wanted to reduce persom to the status ot' pawns in hn plan U'hat is needed is a dicUlor who apptMnts a philosopher as a kind ol prime miniaer or prrsideni o( the central board ot pnuluctuin management The pnigram ol all such consistent 2 U I jnd lijri'jrj ^^jmuMma. iuiK*^ i4 thr trik^ P T "ily f rffwrr (l?l I). Vu Hum Z^/v'Mfrr (l"'ri. and 7V SkilkJ l.its^m*rf il'il'#> fj ) .^ ITS Avhton. /V InJmtnJ Rnx4mt>cm /'• -tJ| 24
INDIVIDUALISM AND THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION 4^ «.cial«.-Pla.o and Hitler, for instance-planned also for the producaon of foturr «,ciaUs,s. the breeding and education of future members of society. During the 2300 years s.nce Plato, very little opposition has been registered to his ideas. Not even by Kant. The psychological bias in favor of socialism must be taken into consideration in discussing Marxian ideas. This is not hmited to those who call themselves Marxian. Marxians deny that there is such a thing as the search for knowledge for the uke of knowledge alone. But they are not consistent in this case either, for they say one of the purposes of the sociaUst state is to ehininate such a search for knowledge. It is an insult, they say for persons to study things that arc useless. Now I want to discuss the meaning of the ideological distortion of truths. C:iass consciousness is not developed in the beginning, but it must mcvitably come. Marx developed his doctrine of ideology because he realized he couldn't answer the criticisms raised against sociaHsm. His answer was. "What you say is not true. It is only ideology. What a man Chmks. so long as we do not have a classless society, is necessarily a class ideology—that is. it is based on a false consciousness." Without any further explanation. Marx assumed that such an ideology was useful to the class and to the members of the class that developed it. Such ideas had for iheir goal the pursuit of the aims of their class. Marx and Engels appeared and developed the class ideas of the proletariat. Therefore, from this time on the doctrine of the bourgeoisie is absolutely useless. Perhaps one may say that the bourgeoisie needed this explanation to salve a bad conscience. But why should they have a bad conscience if their existence is necessary? And it is necessary, according to Marxian doctrine, for without the bourgeoisie, capitalism cannot develop. And until capitalism is "mature," there cannot be any socialism. According to Marx, bourgeois economics, sometimes called **apologetics for bourgeois production," aided them, the bourgeoisie. The Marxians could have said that the thought the bourgeoisie gave to this bad bourgeois theory justified, in their eyes, as well as in the eyes of the exploited, the capit.iiist mode of production, thus making it possible for the system to exist. But this would have been a very un-Marxist explanation. First of all, according to Marxian doctrine, no justification is needed for the bourgeois system of production; the bourgeoisie exploit because it is their business to exploit, just as it is the business of the
Page 1: UUDWIGVON MTSES Marxism Unmasked Fr
Page 4 and 5: Luiwk; von MisEs
Page 6 and 7: 11m h.m4 n fHiMnhc«J W thr hnrnd^t
Page 9: Acknowledgments The lectures by Lud
Page 12 and 13: MARXISM UNMASKED iv*as ine\itable.
Page 14 and 15: MARXISM UNMASKED production will no
Page 16 and 17: MARXISM UNMASKED ^ His answer was n
Page 18 and 19: MARXISM UNMASKED and even if the in
Page 21 and 22: 1st lecture Mind, Materialism, and
Page 23 and 24: Ford, do^"::^ z :z^^zitT '" ^ i*- "
Page 25 and 26: ""'—'•"'"- '-r.,,„,„. which
Page 27 and 28: MATERIALISM, AND THE FATE OF MAN l.
Page 29 and 30: H. con! H .^ . o 17c > ' MIND. MATE
Page 31 and 32: 2nd lecture Class Conflict and Revo
Page 33 and 34: ""^ "^" '" ^'"' "vo.ux.ow.av soc.us
Page 35 and 36: CLASS co.,ucr^ ,„,,,„„^^^^ ^^
Page 37 and 38: ^-"CONP-CT ..o aBvo.u.,o..av socuus
Page 39 and 40: iKli LECTURE Individualism and the
Page 41 and 42: """'"""^"'" '"^ "^ —TM« KBVO.UT.
Page 43: INDIVIDUALISM AND THE INDUSTRIAL RE
Page 47 and 48: INDIVIDUALISM AND THE INDUSTRIAL RE
Page 49 and 50: NATIONALISM. SOCIALISM. AND VIOLENT
Page 51 and 52: NAT^AL.SM. SOC.AL.SM. ANO V.OLHNT R
Page 53 and 54: NAT^ON^M. SOC.AUSM. ..o V.OLHNT aHV
Page 59 and 60: MARXISM AND THE MANIPULATION OF MAN
Page 67 and 68: ( iiinoc MARXISM AND THE MANIPULATI
Page 71 and 72: SAVINGS, INVESTMENT. AND ECONOMIC C
Page 73 and 74: SAVINGS. INVESTMENT. AND ECONOMIC C
Page 79 and 80: AviNCt, INVetTMENT. AND ECONOMIC CA
Page 81 and 82: 7tm lecture Money, Interest, and th
Page 83 and 84: M U S 1 ^ . ; S I i K i S I . A M>
Page 85 and 86: MONEY INTEREST. AND THE BUSINESS CY
Page 87 and 88: MUStY. ISIlKiST. AND TM£ BL'SISESS
Page 89 and 90: MONEY. INTEaEST. AND THE SUflNESS C
Page 91 and 92: MONEY. INTEREST. AND THE BUSINESS C
Page 93 and 94: MONEY. INTEREtT. AND THE BUSINESS C
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MONEY. INTEREST. AND THE BUSINESS C
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8tm lecture Profit and Loss, Privat
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PROFIT AND LOSS. PRIVATE PROPERTY.
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mOFIT AND LOtf. PRIVATE PItOPERTY.
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PROPIT AND LOSS. miVATE PROPERTY. A
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FROPIT AND LOSS. PaiVATE PROPCIK.TV
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mOFIT AND LOSS. miVATE mOPERTY. AND
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FOREIGN INVESTMENTS AND THE SPiaiT
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t FOREIGN INVESTMENTS AND THE SriRI
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FOREIGN INVESTMENTS AND THE SPIRIT
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FOREIGN INVESTMENTS AND THE SPIRIT
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POKEfCN INVESTMENTS AND THE SfiRIT
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FOREIGN INVESTMENTS AND THE SPIIIIT
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FOaEICN INVESTMENTS AMD THE SPIRIT
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" Abteoce di pUnninK" upuntvn, 46 A
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31 FairDcallS rcocnl tvocrvt Boiwi,
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ManoMn-Lcmmun-Solinnm. 1. 17 Mauryk
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FOUNDATION FOR ECONOMIC EDUCATION ^
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^' "'•f -'m UFM FRANCISCO MARROOl
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