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citizens of the socialist state. This was because Marxian ideas did noc develop in countries which had civil Uberties, but in countries in which the people did not have civil Uberties. Nikobi Bukharin [1888-1938], a Communist author who li>rd in a Communist countrv; wrote a pamphlet in 1917^, m wiiich he said, we asked for freedom of the press, thought, and cnil Uberties m the past because we were m the opposinon and needed these Uberties to conquer. Now that we have conquered, there is no longer any need for such dxil liberties. [Bukharin was tried and condemned to death in the Moscow Purge Trial of March 1938.) If Mr. Bukhann had been an American Communist, he would probabK' still be aU\r and free to write more pamphlets about wh>- freedom » not ncce\vl^v^ These p>eculurities of Marxian philosophv' can onhr be explained by the fact that Marx, although Ining in Great Bntam. was not dealing with conditions in (ircat Briuin. where he fek cml Uberties wrre no longer needed, but uiih the conditions in C^many, France. ItaK; and so on. where civil libenies \%rTe stiU needed. Thus wr see that the dnonctXNi between right and left, which had meaning in the dj\-s of the FretKh Re\x>luiion. no longer has am meaning. S rrhc Ku.-.-. !:...auo.^ inJ It^ St^tmlk mk r." TW dm Sm^.VtA I. No I Mi%-junc. 1«*17 -Faj lo
2nd lecture Class Conflict and Revolutionary Socialism N4ARX ASSUMED that "interests" were independent of human ideas and thoughts. He uid that socialism was the ideal system for the proletariat. He uid diss interests determme the thinking of individuals and that this situation causes irreconcilable conflicts between the various classes. Marx then returned to the point at which he had started—namely, that socialism IS the ideal state. The fundaincntal concept of the Communist Manifesto (1848) was that of"class" and "class conflict." But Marx didn't say what a "class" was. Marx died in 1KH3. 35 years after the publication of the Communist Manifesto. In those 35 NTars he published many volumes, but in not one of them did he My what he meant by the term "class." After Marx's death, Friedrich Engels published the unfinished manuscript of the third volume of Marx's Das Kapiul. Hngels said this manuscript, on which Marx had stopped work, many \*ears before he died, had been found in Marx's desk after his death. In one three-page chapter in that volume, Marx tells us what a "class" was not. But NTHi may search through all his writings to learn what a "class" was without ever finding out. In fact, "classes" don't exist in nature. It is our thinking — out arranging in categories—that constructs classes in our minds. The question is not whether social classes exist in the sense of Karl Marx; the question is whether we can use the concept of social classes in the way in which Karl Marx meant it. We can't. Marx did not see that the problem of the "interest" of an individual, or of a class, cannot be solved simply by referring to the fact that there is such
Page 1: UUDWIGVON MTSES Marxism Unmasked Fr
Page 4 and 5: Luiwk; von MisEs
Page 6 and 7: 11m h.m4 n fHiMnhc«J W thr hnrnd^t
Page 9: Acknowledgments The lectures by Lud
Page 12 and 13: MARXISM UNMASKED iv*as ine\itable.
Page 14 and 15: MARXISM UNMASKED production will no
Page 16 and 17: MARXISM UNMASKED ^ His answer was n
Page 18 and 19: MARXISM UNMASKED and even if the in
Page 21 and 22: 1st lecture Mind, Materialism, and
Page 23 and 24: Ford, do^"::^ z :z^^zitT '" ^ i*- "
Page 25 and 26: ""'—'•"'"- '-r.,,„,„. which
Page 27 and 28: MATERIALISM, AND THE FATE OF MAN l.
Page 29: H. con! H .^ . o 17c > ' MIND. MATE
Page 33 and 34: ""^ "^" '" ^'"' "vo.ux.ow.av soc.us
Page 35 and 36: CLASS co.,ucr^ ,„,,,„„^^^^ ^^
Page 37 and 38: ^-"CONP-CT ..o aBvo.u.,o..av socuus
Page 39 and 40: iKli LECTURE Individualism and the
Page 41 and 42: """'"""^"'" '"^ "^ —TM« KBVO.UT.
Page 43 and 44: INDIVIDUALISM AND THE INDUSTRIAL RE
Page 49 and 50: NATIONALISM. SOCIALISM. AND VIOLENT
Page 51 and 52: NAT^AL.SM. SOC.AL.SM. ANO V.OLHNT R
Page 53 and 54: NAT^ON^M. SOC.AUSM. ..o V.OLHNT aHV
Page 59 and 60: MARXISM AND THE MANIPULATION OF MAN
Page 67 and 68: ( iiinoc MARXISM AND THE MANIPULATI
Page 71 and 72: SAVINGS, INVESTMENT. AND ECONOMIC C
Page 73 and 74: SAVINGS. INVESTMENT. AND ECONOMIC C
Page 79 and 80: AviNCt, INVetTMENT. AND ECONOMIC CA
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7tm lecture Money, Interest, and th
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M U S 1 ^ . ; S I i K i S I . A M>
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MONEY INTEREST. AND THE BUSINESS CY
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MUStY. ISIlKiST. AND TM£ BL'SISESS
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MONEY. INTEaEST. AND THE SUflNESS C
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MONEY. INTEREST. AND THE BUSINESS C
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MONEY. INTEREtT. AND THE BUSINESS C
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MONEY. INTEREST. AND THE BUSINESS C
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8tm lecture Profit and Loss, Privat
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PROFIT AND LOSS. PRIVATE PROPERTY.
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mOFIT AND LOtf. PRIVATE PItOPERTY.
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PROPIT AND LOSS. miVATE PROPERTY. A
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FROPIT AND LOSS. PaiVATE PROPCIK.TV
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mOFIT AND LOSS. miVATE mOPERTY. AND
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FOREIGN INVESTMENTS AND THE SPiaiT
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t FOREIGN INVESTMENTS AND THE SriRI
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FOREIGN INVESTMENTS AND THE SPIRIT
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FOREIGN INVESTMENTS AND THE SPIRIT
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POKEfCN INVESTMENTS AND THE SfiRIT
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FOREIGN INVESTMENTS AND THE SPIIIIT
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FOaEICN INVESTMENTS AMD THE SPIRIT
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" Abteoce di pUnninK" upuntvn, 46 A
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31 FairDcallS rcocnl tvocrvt Boiwi,
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ManoMn-Lcmmun-Solinnm. 1. 17 Mauryk
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FOUNDATION FOR ECONOMIC EDUCATION ^
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^' "'•f -'m UFM FRANCISCO MARROOl
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