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MARXISM UNMASKED production will not onK' eliminate povrrty but ako push society to a levd of material abundance at which all physical wants and worries will be a thing of the past. This final stage of communism wiD create a paradise on earth for all mankind.' LuduHg von Mis^ as Critic cf Socialism Tliere >'v'ere many critics of socialism and Mandsm m the nineteenth and earlv' twenaeth centuries. One of the mo« oucsuixkng was the French economist Paul Lnoy-Beauheu. who m 1885 penned an extremely imightfiil and devasutmg analysts of coQectivtsm, addmsing its dangers to both personal liberry and econonuc ptoipenty.* In 1896 one of Ludwig von Mtses s own profruors at the Unrvrrsity of Vienna, the mtemaiKMuIly renouned Austrun economist Eugen von Bohm-Bawrrk. pubbshed the most damaging crmque of Mant * labor theory of value and the accompaming idea of exploiution of bbor under capitalism * There wne e\Tn highly eifectnr ana -Utopian na%rb that depicted the disastnMB efiecti to be expected if a soctaltst regime wrrr to come to po^wet and inyotc central planning on looety '" hut none of these v^Titen w» as penetrating in democHtncmg the tnhcrrnt unuxirkabthrv ol' j «\-siem ol' «oculnt central planning as I udwig \x>n Miun I hiring Wi>ry War I and its immeduie aftermath there >»•» an rnthmtauu contidence that the age of gowic ronwnt pbnmng had finaly arrivrd The wartime price and wage concrob and pnxhiction pbnmng boards ifuptncd in vtnualK all the befligrrmi nMions vwrtr consaderrd by num the preiurv^rs ol' continued peacetime pianning FoOowing the i >n the
1 INTRODUCTION «*> BoUhcvik Revolution in Russia in 1917, Lenin's Marxist regime imposed "war communism" m 1918. heralding it not only as an emergency device to fight the anti-communist White armies during the three-year civil war in Russia, but also as the great leap into the flilly planned society. And following the end of the war in November 1918, new Social Democratic Party governments m Germany and Austria declared that the time for "socialization" and economic planning had finally arrived." In 1919, at a meeting of the Austrian Economic Society Mises delivered a paper on "Economic Calculation in the Socialist Com- monwealth" which was published in a leading German-language journal in 1920,*^ He incorporated this article as the centerpiece in a comprehensive treatise on collectivism that he published two years later in 1922, tided Socialism: An licononuc and Sodohiîcal Analysis in its English translation. '^ Mises obser\'cd that most of the earher critics of socialism had rightly pointed out that a system of comprehensive government planning of economic affairs would create the worst tyranny ever experienced in human history. With all production, employment, and distribution of output completely under the monopoly control of the State, the fate and fortune of every individual would be at the mercy of the political authority. In addition, these earlier opponents of socialism had cogently argued that with the end of private property and freedom of enterprise, individuals would lose much of the self-interested motivation for industry, innovation, and work effort that exists in a market economy. But, Mises said, what had not been thoroughly examined and challenged was whether a socialist economic system was even workable in practice. In other words, would the sociaUst central planners be able to rationally and cfficiendy manage the everyday affairs of economic life? 1 On the lailurr of these first attempts at nationalization and planning in Russia, Ckrnuny. and Amtru. see Arthur Shadwell, Vie Breakdomi of Socialism (London: Ernest Bcnn. I'i2(>).pp 2.V131 12 Ludwp wn Mis«. "Economic Calculation in the Socialist Commonwealth" [1920] in F. A Hj>rk ed . Collninnsi Economic Platwing: Critical Studies on the Problem of Socialism (London: GeorKC Routledge. 1935). pp. 87-130; reprinted in Israel M. Kirzner, cd.Clasfus mAuslnjtt liivmmucs:A Sampling in the History of a Tradition,Vol III (London: WiHum hckermg. l'W).pp.3-30. 13 LudwR wn Mii«. Sooahsm.An Economic and Sociological Analysis (Indianapohs: Liberty CJassics 11922; English trans.. 1936. revised ed., 1953], 1981); Mises later restated and rrfined h» cnt.que of soculist central planning in Human Action: A Treatise on Economics (Imngton-on-Hudson. N.Y.: Foundation for Economic Education [1949; revised eds., 1963.1966) 1996). pp. 200-31. 689-715.
Page 1: UUDWIGVON MTSES Marxism Unmasked Fr
Page 4 and 5: Luiwk; von MisEs
Page 6 and 7: 11m h.m4 n fHiMnhc«J W thr hnrnd^t
Page 9: Acknowledgments The lectures by Lud
Page 12 and 13: MARXISM UNMASKED iv*as ine\itable.
Page 16 and 17: MARXISM UNMASKED ^ His answer was n
Page 18 and 19: MARXISM UNMASKED and even if the in
Page 21 and 22: 1st lecture Mind, Materialism, and
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Page 25 and 26: ""'—'•"'"- '-r.,,„,„. which
Page 27 and 28: MATERIALISM, AND THE FATE OF MAN l.
Page 29 and 30: H. con! H .^ . o 17c > ' MIND. MATE
Page 31 and 32: 2nd lecture Class Conflict and Revo
Page 33 and 34: ""^ "^" '" ^'"' "vo.ux.ow.av soc.us
Page 35 and 36: CLASS co.,ucr^ ,„,,,„„^^^^ ^^
Page 37 and 38: ^-"CONP-CT ..o aBvo.u.,o..av socuus
Page 39 and 40: iKli LECTURE Individualism and the
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Page 43 and 44: INDIVIDUALISM AND THE INDUSTRIAL RE
Page 49 and 50: NATIONALISM. SOCIALISM. AND VIOLENT
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MARXISM AND THE MANIPULATION OF MAN
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( iiinoc MARXISM AND THE MANIPULATI
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MARXISM AND THE MANIPULATION OF MAN
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SAVINGS, INVESTMENT. AND ECONOMIC C
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SAVINGS. INVESTMENT. AND ECONOMIC C
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AviNCt, INVetTMENT. AND ECONOMIC CA
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7tm lecture Money, Interest, and th
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M U S 1 ^ . ; S I i K i S I . A M>
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MONEY INTEREST. AND THE BUSINESS CY
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MUStY. ISIlKiST. AND TM£ BL'SISESS
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MONEY. INTEaEST. AND THE SUflNESS C
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MONEY. INTEREST. AND THE BUSINESS C
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MONEY. INTEREtT. AND THE BUSINESS C
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MONEY. INTEREST. AND THE BUSINESS C
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8tm lecture Profit and Loss, Privat
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PROFIT AND LOSS. PRIVATE PROPERTY.
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mOFIT AND LOtf. PRIVATE PItOPERTY.
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PROPIT AND LOSS. miVATE PROPERTY. A
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FROPIT AND LOSS. PaiVATE PROPCIK.TV
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mOFIT AND LOSS. miVATE mOPERTY. AND
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FOREIGN INVESTMENTS AND THE SPiaiT
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t FOREIGN INVESTMENTS AND THE SriRI
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FOREIGN INVESTMENTS AND THE SPIRIT
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FOREIGN INVESTMENTS AND THE SPIRIT
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POKEfCN INVESTMENTS AND THE SfiRIT
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FOREIGN INVESTMENTS AND THE SPIIIIT
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FOaEICN INVESTMENTS AMD THE SPIRIT
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" Abteoce di pUnninK" upuntvn, 46 A
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31 FairDcallS rcocnl tvocrvt Boiwi,
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ManoMn-Lcmmun-Solinnm. 1. 17 Mauryk
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FOUNDATION FOR ECONOMIC EDUCATION ^
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^' "'•f -'m UFM FRANCISCO MARROOl
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