In The Cradle of Industry and Liberty

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Elfreth’s Alley, 24 emery paper, 66 energy hub, 94, 95, 96 Engel & Wolf brewery, 55, 56, 79 England, 8, 15-16, 20-21, 25-35, 37- 39, 42, 45, 49, 51, 58, 68, 70, 73- 74, 91 Eni, Ruth, 89-90 environmental issues, 12, 19, 26, 92-95 Erie Canal, 56 Europe, 8, 16, 20-21, 23, 28, 31, 33, 66 Evans, Oliver, 17, 36-37, 46, 51 Eyre, Emanuel, 25, 31 F Fairmount, 81 Fairmount Park Commission, 41-42, 55, 56, 94 Fairmount Waterworks, 42, 51 Falls of Schuylkill, 34, 41, 43, 45-46, 54-55, 64, 95 Federal Society of Journeymen Cordwainers, 44 Fisher, William Logan, 42 Fishtown, 80, 83, 88-89 Fitch, John, 36 flags, 31, 34, 57, 60 Flowers Foods, 89 FMC, 91 Foerderer Leather, 66, 72-74, 87 food products, 10-12, 14, 23, 88, 90-92, 96-97 Ford Motor Company, 82 forges, 19, 27, 31, 46 Forten, James, 31, 49 foundries, 11, 29, 31, 34, 37, 49-51, 62, 64, 66, 75 Fountain Green, 55, 79 Frampton, William, 22 France, 34, 36-37, 47-48 Francis Perot’s Sons Malting Company, 22, 62 Frankford, 18, 26, 38-41, 43, 45, 52, 57, 64, 72-73, 76, 80, 92, 96 Frankford Arsenal, 41, 57, 76, 83, 90 Frankford Creek, 39-40, 72, 76 Frankford El, 71, 81 Franklin Institute, 13, 17, 37, 60, 62, 69, 87 Franklin Sugar, 74, 80, 88 Franklin, Benjamin, 17, 25-26, 31 Free Society of Traders, 21-22, 32, 95 Freihofer Baking Company, 59 Frishmuth, Bro. & Co, 80 Fulton, Robert, 36 furniture making, 19, 24, 28, 62, 92 G Garrett & Eastwick, 53 gas works, 51, 94 General Electric, 74, 76 George Washington, locomotive, 52 Georgia, 43, 89 Germans, 23-24, 29, 42, 45, 55-56, 71-72, 79, 86, 89 Germantown, 23, 25, 27, 38, 42, 51-52, 57, 64, 88 Germany, 58, 87 Girard Point, 78, 87 Girard, Stephen, 38 Glabb, Bill, 96 glass, 10, 21, 24, 34, 63 GlaxoSmithKline, 55, 91 Globe Dye Works, 18-19, 26, 96 Globe Mill, 26, 38-39, 45 Goldenberg Candy Company, 80 Goodson, John, 22-23 Governor’s Mill. See Globe Mill Grand Federal Procession, 1788, 34 Grays Ferry, 10, 36, 54, 76-77 Great Depression, 73, 82-83, 85 Greenberger, Alan, 91-92 grist milling, 19-21, 26 Gulf Oil, 78, 87 gun powder, 39 H Hagner, Charles, 54-55 Hale & Kilburn, 86 Hall, John, 27 Hamilton, Alexander, 33-35 Hand in Hand, 96 Harbison's dairy, 81 Hardwick & Magee, 10, 65 Harrison Brothers, 10, 54, 76 Harrison Safety Boiler Works, 51, 53 Harrison, Joseph, 51, 53 hats, 8-9, 12, 22, 27, 42, 58-59, 64-65, 68, 74, 85, 96 Hazard, Erskine, 45-46, 53 helicopters, 14, 90-91, 96 Helios Electric Company, 82 Henon, Bobby, 91 Hershey, Milton, 80 Hewson, John, 34 Hires, Charles Elmer, 60 Hodge, William, 28 Hog Island, 9, 77-78 Holmesburg, 45, 61 Horstmann, William & Sons, 44-45, 57 hosiery, 42 Humphreys, Joshua, 31, 36, 47-49 Humphreys, Samuel, 48 Hyundai Rotem, 91 Hunt, William, 91 I ice cream, 14, 81, 90 indentured servants, 24, 28, 33 Independence brewery, 88 Independence Hall, 18, 25, 28, 33 Industrial Revolution, 9, 31, 33, 35-36, 45, 62, 95 ink manufacturers, 63 Inquirer, Philadelphia, newspaper, 84 instruments, surveying & scientific, 10, 28-29, 59, 82 Irish, 27-28, 45, 74 iron, 9, 11, 27, 29, 31, 34, 37, 45-47, 49-51, 62, 66, 75, 96-97 Italians, 14, 73, 78, 90 Jack Frost sugar refinery, 80, 88-89 Jackson, Andrew, 57 Jacquard loom, 44-45 Japan, 49 Jefferson, Thomas, 34-35 Jenks, Alfred, 11, 40-41, 45, 57 Jenks, Barton, 45 jewelry making, 10, 40, 52, 96 Jewelry Trades Building, 96 Jews, 24, 66, 73 John Lucas & Company paints & varnishes, 59 Johnson & Johnson, 91 Johnstown, PA, 81 Jones, Mary Harris (Mother Jones), 74-75 Julian, James, 29 Jurash, Steve, 96 K Kamens, Seymour, Harriet, & Adam, 92 Kensington, 10, 12, 18, 25, 31, 38, 45, 50-51, 54, 57-58, 62, 64-65, 68, 70- 71, 74-75, 81-82, 85, 89, 91, 93, 95 Kent, Atwater, 14, 81-82 Keystone Watch Case, 59 Knights of Labor, 75 Kraft Foods, 97 Kvaerner, 90 L labor & labor unions, 12, 19, 28, 35, 43-45, 73-75, 83, 85 lace, 45, 59, 65, 70-71 lager, 55-56 Lannett, 96-97 LaSala, Joseph, 84 Latinos, 80 Lawndale, 15, 90 League Island, 8, 76-78 leather, 10, 21-22, 59, 64, 66, 72-73, 87 Lehigh Coal and Navigation Company, 46, 53 Lehigh River, 46 Lenni Lenape, 20 Lenning chemical company, 40-41, 61, 87, 96 Levin, Irv, Elaine, Alan, & Fran, 93 Lewis and Clark, 36 Liberty Bell, 29 Licht, Walter, 35 linen, 23, 27, 29, 38 Lippard, George, 44 locomotives, 8-9, 11, 51-53, 59, 66-67, 69, 83 Logan, James, 26 London, 16, 21-22, 25, 28-29, 58 looms, 19, 34-35, 44-45, 64, 70 lunch meats, 14, 88-89 M machine tools, 52, 59, 61, 75, 93 Madison, James, 35, 40 Maker Movement, 16, 92, 95-96 Malcolme, John, 28 Malone, Evan, 95 Manayunk, 18, 38, 42-43, 45, 55, 57, 64 Manufacturing Alliance of Philadelphia, 18, 96 Manufacturing Task Force, 91-92 Marine Corps, U.S., 31 Mars Works. See Evans, Oliver Martin, Samuel, 39 Masters, Thomas & Sybilla, 27, 39 McKinley, William, 17 McNeely & Company leather, 59 McNeil Laboratories, 91 Mechanics’ Union of Trade Associations, 44 medical instruments, 9, 11 Merck, 91 Merrick & Sons, 11, 49-51 metal, 10-11, 15, 73, 75, 86, 92, 95 Metal Manufacturers Association of Philadelphia, 75 Michigan, 86 Midvale, 13-14, 56, 62, 64, 66, 68-69, 74, 83-84 military equipment, 41 milk, 81 Miller Lock Company, 18 Milton, Sarah, 24 Mint, U.S., 28, 35-36 Mondelez International, 97 Montgomery County, PA, 61 Moody’s Magazine, 58-59 Morris, Anthony, 22 Morris, Herbert, 88 Morris, I. P., 11, 50-51 Morris, Robert, 32, 35 N Nabisco, 97 National Export Exposition, 17, 18 Navy Yard, 8-9, 14, 36, 47-48, 55, 57, 74, 76-78, 83, 89-91, 93 Navy, U.S., 8, 14, 31, 36, 47-48, 50, 62, 69, 77, 83, 90 Neafie & Levy, 50-51 New England, 45 New Ironsides, ship, 50 New Jersey, 12, 34, 68, 78, 81-82, 90-92 New York, 17, 36, 56, 58, 64, 73, 80, 90 NextFab, 95 Niagara Falls, 51 Nicetown, 13-14, 18, 62, 64, 68-69, 82, 84, 86, 88, 90 Nicholson, John, 34-35, 95 Non-Importation Agreement, 30 Norris Locomotive, 52-53 Norristown, 51-52 North Philadelphia, 14-15, 56, 61, 68 Northeast Building Products, 92-93 Northeast Philadelphia, 14-15, 40-41, 43, 61, 64, 80, 86, 90-91, 93, 96-97 Northern Liberties, 10, 15, 25-26, 38-39, 45, 54, 55, 67, 79, 80, 89 Northwest Philadelphia, 40 Norwegians, 14, 90 Nutter, Michael, 91 O Obama, Barack, 93 Offley, Daniel, 27 oil & oil refineries, 27, 42, 76, 78, 87-88, 91, 93-96 oilcloth & linoleum, 14, 66 Old City, 19, 21, 23-24, 26-27, 31, 73, 80, 91, 96 Old Ironsides, locomotive, 51-52 Oropon, 87 Ortlieb’s, 15, 79, 88 Oruktor Amphibolos, 36-37 outwork, 44-45, 66, 73 Oxford Provident Building Association, 45 P paints & varnishes, 10, 30-31, 54, 59, 62, 76 paper & paper mills, 10, 23, 28, 38, 40, 43-44, 60, 62-63, 66 Paschal, Stephen, 27 Pass, John, 29 Penn Steam Engine and Boiler Works. See Neafie & Levy Penn, John, 29 Penn, William, 17, 20-27, 29, 32, 38-39, 51, 66, 95-97 Pennsylvania Railroad, 53, 72 Pennsylvania Society for the Encouragement of Manufactures, 33-34 Pennsylvania Sugar Refining Company, 80, 88-89 Pennypack Creek, 40-41, 43, 61 Pennypack Print Works, 43 Pennypot Tavern, 21, 25 IN THE CRADLE OF INDUSTRY AND LIBERTY 102
Penrose, Bartholomew & Thomas shipyard, 25-26, 47 Perry, Matthew, 49 petroleum, 10, 66 pharmaceuticals, 10, 12, 42, 54-55, 61, 91, 96 Philadelphia Almshouse, 38 Philadelphia and Columbia Railroad, 52 Philadelphia Brewing Company, 89 Philadelphia Chamber of Commerce, 58-59, 84, 93 Philadelphia Commercial Museum, 10, 17-18, 44, 63, 65, 71-73 Philadelphia Cream Cheese, 90 Philadelphia Energy Solutions (PES), 87-88, 93-95 Philadelphia Gas Works, 51 Philadelphia Industrial Development Corporation (PIDC), 93 Philadelphia Office of Manufacturing and Industry, 92 Philadelphia Phillies, 83 Philadelphia Premium Society, 37-38 Philadelphia Rapid Transit Company, 13, 71 Philadelphia Storage Battery Company, 82 Philadelphia Tram Rail, 92 Philco, 81-82 Phillips, John, 28 pianos, 29 Piasecki, Frank, 90 Pittsburgh, 9, 75, 86 Point Breeze, 78, 87, 95 Polish, 74 Pollard, William, 34-35 porcelain, 28, 31 Port Richmond, 11, 40, 50, 86, 92, 94 potters, 22, 40 Powers & Weightman, 46, 55, 58-59, 91 Powers-Weightman-Rosengarten, 58 print works, 34, 39-40, 42-43 PTR Baler and Compactor Company, 92, 93 Pugh, Job T., 29, 62 Q Quaker Lace Company, 64, 71, 74 Quakers, 8, 21, 23, 27, 31, 44, 57, 70 Queen & Company scientific instruments, 59 quinine, 55 R radios, 14, 81-83 rail cars, 9, 14, 51, 71, 86, 91 railroads, 51-54, 59, 68, 73 Reach, A. J., Company, 82-83 Reading Railroad (Philadelphia & Reading Railroad), 54 Reading Terminal Market, 81 Reading, city of, 46 Revolutionary War, 26-28, 30-32, 39, 47-49 Rhode Island, 45 Rinaldi, Philip, 94 Ripka, Joseph, 42-45 Rittenhouse Town, 40 Rittenhouse, David, 28, 35-36 Rittenhouse, William, 23, 40 Rockefeller, John D., 78 Rohm & Haas, 40-41, 76, 87, 91, 96 rolling mills, 63 rolls (baking), 14, 88, 90 rope making, 22, 25-28, 63 Rosengarten & Sons, 55, 58, 91 Ross, Betsy, 31 Rowland family, 39, 61 Rowland Shovel Works, 61 Rowlandville, 39, 41 Rush, Benjamin, 30 Russell Stover Candies, 80 Russia, 51, 53 S S. S. White Dental Manufacturing Company, 59, 82 sail making, 25-26, 28, 31, 49 Sam Adams brewery, 88 Sampson, tugboat, 50 Sauquoit Silk Manufacturing Company, 17 saws, 9, 15, 42, 59, 63, 66-67, 85 Schmidt’s, 15, 79, 88 Schoenhut toy company, 62, 82 Schofield textile mills, 43 Schuylkill Arsenal, 36, 57, 76-77, 83 Schuylkill Navigation Company, 42, 46 Schuylkill River, 8, 10, 22-23, 36, 41-42, 46, 54-56, 60, 69, 76-79, 87-88 93-95 Scots, 42 Scranton, Philip, 19 Sears & Roebuck, 85 Sellers, William & Company, 51, 60-61, 69 SEPTA, 91 Shadwell, Arthur, 8, 58-59, 62, 64 Sheffield, England, 68 ships & shipbuilding, 8-12, 14, 21-22, 24-28, 31, 47, 48-51, 56, 64, 66-67, 77-78, 83, 90, 96 shoe makers, 22, 24, 44, 75 shoes, 10, 73 shovels, 61 silk, 17, 33, 40, 44-45, 62, 73 silver smiths, 24, 28 Simpson, William print and dye works, 41 Slater, Samuel, 45 slaughter houses, 21, 26 slaves, 28 Smith, Kline, & French, 55, 74, 91 Smith, Mary, 24 snack cakes, 14, 88 soap makers, 22, 27, 62, 96 Society for Establishing Useful Manufactures (SUM), 34 Society for Industrial Archaeology, 19, 37 Society Hill, 21, 26 South Korea, 91 South Philadelphia, 9, 14, 26, 47, 55, 57, 64, 66, 73, 80-81, 88, 90-91, 93, 95 Southwark, 11, 25-26, 28, 36, 47-51, 57, 76-77, 80 Southwest Philadelphia, 13, 71, 75-76, 78, 87-88, 93-94 Sparks Shot Tower, 57, 81 Spaulding, A. G., Company, 83 Spencer, Charles, 42 sporting goods, 83 Spreckles sugar refinery, 81 Spring Garden, 9, 52-53, 61, 80, 85 Standard Oil, 78 State House. See Independence Hall steam & steam engines, 17, 19, 33-34, 36-39, 46-47, 49-52, 55, 76, 83, 96 steam boats, 36 steel, 9, 11, 13-14, 27, 47, 49-51, 56, 62, 66-69, 71, 73-74, 84, 86-87 Stetson Hat, 11, 12, 56, 58-59, 65-68, 75, 83, 85, 96 Stewart, Martha, 96 stove makers, 59, 63 Stow, John, 29 streetcars, 10-11, 13, 56, 59, 66, 71 subway cars, 86, 96 Sugar House refinery, 80, 88-89 Sugar House Casino, 80, 88-89 sugar refining, 51, 63, 66, 80, 88 Sugar Trust, 80 Sunoco, 87 sweatshops, 66, 73 Swedes, 20, 26 Syng, Philip, 28 T Tacony, 15, 64, 66-67, 73, 96-97 Tacony Creek, 39, 41 Tacony Iron Works, 66, 97 tanneries, 21, 26, 27, 39, 62, 94 Tasty Baking Company, 14, 15, 88-90 Taylor, Frederick Winslow, 69, 74 Texas, 85 textiles, 8-11, 16, 18-19, 23, 27, 29-31, 34, 38-40, 42-45, 57-58, 64-66, 70- 71, 73-75, 77, 96 tin, 22, 62 tobacco, 62, 79-80 tools, 8-9, 11, 27-29, 31, 51-52, 60, 62, 85 transportation equipment, 12, 90-92 Tripoli, 47-48 Tully, Christopher, 29 turbines, 51 Tuscarora Rice, 27, 39 U umbrellas, 66 Unilever, 81 unions, see labor & labor unions United Company of Philadelphia for Promoting American Manufactures, 30 University City, 76 University of Pennsylvania, 16, 17, 28, 33 USS Mississippi, 48 USS New Jersey, 83 USS Pennsylvania, 48 USS Philadelphia, 47-48 USS Princeton, 49 USS United States, 47-48 V Vietnam War, 93 Vineland, New Jersey, 90 W Wagner, John, 55 Wakefield Mills, 42 War of 1812, 37, 48, 57 Washington, George, 36 Washington, Martha, 34 Watson, John Fanning, 27 weavers, 22, 45, 70, 75 Wedgewood company, 28 Weisbrod & Hess brewery, 89 West Philadelphia, 44, 64, 71, 81, 90 West, James & Charles shipyard, 21, 25 Westinghouse, 76 Wetherill & Brothers, 30-31, 54, 62 Wetherill, Samuel, 30-31 Wharton shipyard, 26 wheelwrights, 40 Whitaker textile mill, 39, 41 White Lead. See paints & varnishes White, Josiah, 45-46, 53 Whitman’s Chocolates, 80 Wilmington, Delaware, 78 windows and doors, 93 Wingohocking Creek, 42 Wissahickon Creek, 40-42, 94 women, 12, 24, 27-28, 30-31, 33, 39, 62, 66, 69, 73-75, 77, 80 wool, 10-11, 22, 27, 29, 30, 38-39, 42-44, 46, 57 World War I, 9, 69, 74, 77, 80, 83 World War II, 69, 74, 82-83, 85, 87 Wyeth Laboratories, 55, 61, 91 Y Yards Brewing Company, 15, 88-89 Yewdall & Jones woolen mill, 44 INDEX 103
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IN THE CRADLE OF INDUSTRY AND LIBER
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IN THE CRADLE OF INDUSTRY AND LIBER
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CONTENTS 4 FOREWORD 6 ACKNOWLEDGEME
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@ Michael A. Nutter, Former Mayor,
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For the historical images that enli
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This is a history of manufacturing
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While other manufacturing centers w
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@ Above: Workers at Midvale Steel p
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aircraft that dates to the earliest
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would hold into the early nineteent
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technology, transportation, and com
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age had joined the Religious Societ
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Philadelphians lived in the city’
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“and many boats, which are useful
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Quaker merchant Thomas Masters purc
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INDUSTRY INVENTORS Manufacturers in
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Quaker upbringing. Known as the “
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MAKING A CASE FOR AMERICAN MANUFACT
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up cotton manufacturing operations
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After receiving a patent for the en
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The Globe Mill on the Cohocksink Cr
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@ Opposite: Detail from 1849 map sh
Page 45 and 46:
of the town’s total population. S
Page 47 and 48:
On a positive note, a group of Fran
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factories with a powerful energy so
Page 51 and 52:
and flagship for Commodore Matthew
Page 53 and 54: @ Left: Penn Steam Engine & Boiler
Page 55 and 56: Garrett & Eastwick Locomotive Works
Page 57 and 58: seen. The episode brought Hagner co
Page 59 and 60: United States, the nation’s de-fa
Page 61 and 62: The turn of the twentieth century p
Page 63 and 64: in various categories at the Centen
Page 65 and 66: makers, 20 stove manufacturers, 12
Page 67 and 68: and lace, in which Kensington manuf
Page 69 and 70: through exploitation of their worke
Page 71 and 72: @ Left: Yard locomotives at Midvale
Page 73 and 74: among the largest in the world at t
Page 75 and 76: factory nearby. This became the lar
Page 77 and 78: she writes of the sad circumstances
Page 79 and 80: @ Clockwise, starting from the top:
Page 81 and 82: BEER AND TOBACCO Beer making contin
Page 83 and 84: MILK AND ICE CREAM Like any major c
Page 85 and 86: the Philadelphia Phillies. Located
Page 87 and 88: and a half later from a city of man
Page 89 and 90: After major cutbacks in the auto in
Page 91 and 92: into countless lunchboxes throughou
Page 93 and 94: hangar space in 1980 at Northeast P
Page 95 and 96: is the nation’s largest manufactu
Page 97 and 98: fuel for local industries, current
Page 99 and 100: centralize operations in the buildi
Page 101 and 102: BOOKS AND ARTICLES Bridenbaugh, Car
Page 103: Sutcliffe, Andrea J. Steam: The Unt
Page 107 and 108: PARTNERS IN BUILDING PHILADELPHIA H
Page 109 and 110: @ Left: An early Kingsbury advertis
Page 111 and 112: PARTNERS IN BUILDING PHILADELPHIA 1
Page 113 and 114: Aerodynamics. The name DeVal was a
Page 115 and 116: packaging and shipping; and nondest
Page 117 and 118: Another step in product advancement
Page 119 and 120: PHILLY CASE From the basement of a
Page 121 and 122: Under Yost’s direction, The Rowla
Page 123 and 124: The story of Tioga Pipe is a classi
Page 125 and 126: neighborhood. The increased product
Page 127 and 128: Humphrys is one of the oldest manuf
Page 129 and 130: The Doherty brothers realized, to s
Page 131 and 132: Centrally located off the Pennsylva
Page 133 and 134: Jersey and Delaware. Outgrowing the
Page 135 and 136: Philadelphia is famous for its appr
Page 137 and 138: injection molded plastic to enter t
Page 139 and 140: had expanded from smaller pieces fo
Page 141 and 142: for many years and they know the fi
Page 143 and 144: furnace as well as a custom flame h
Page 145 and 146: and Salmon Streets. The company wou
Page 147 and 148: The company capitalized on the stra
Page 149 and 150: discharges. The supercapacitors are
Page 151 and 152: products that are custom designed t
Page 153 and 154: Today manufacturing matters, now mo
Page 155:
LEADERSHIP SPONSORS Historical Publ
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