In The Cradle of Industry and Liberty

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BOOKS AND ARTICLES Kerkstra, Patrick. “Pipe Dreams,” Philadelphia Magazine, September 29, 2014. King, Moses. Philadelphia and Notable Philadelphians. New York: Moses King, 1901. Kyriakodis, Harry G. Philadelphia’s Lost Waterfront. Charleston, SC: The History Press, 2011. Lawrence, Charles. History of the Philadelphia Almshouses and Hospitals. Philadelphia: Charles Lawrence, 1905. Licht, Walter. Getting Work: Philadelphia 1840-1950. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992. Licht, Walter. Industrializing America: The Nineteenth Century. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995. Lindstrom, Diane. Economic Development in the Philadelphia Region, 1810-1850. New York: Columbia University Press, 1978. Lydon, James G. “Philadelphia’s Commercial Expansion, 1720-1739,” The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. 91, No. 4 (October 1967), 401-418. Macfarlane, John James. Manufacturing in Philadelphia, 1683-1912. Philadelphia Commercial Museum, 1912. The Manufactories and Manufacturers of Pennsylvania of the Nineteenth Century. Philadelphia: Galaxy Publishing Company, 1875. Manufacturing Growth Strategy for Philadelphia. Report presented to Mayor Michael A. Nutter by the Manufacturing Task Force, December 2013. McConaghy, Mary. “The Whitaker Mill, 1813-1843: A Case Study of Workers, Technology and Community in Early Industrial Philadelphia.” Pennsylvania History: A Journal of Mid-Atlantic Studies, Vol. 51, No.1 (January 1984), 30-63. McVarish, Douglas C., and Richard Meyer. Warships and Yardbirds: An Illustrated History of the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard. Philadelphia: Kvaerner, 2000. Mease, James and Thomas Porter. Picture of Philadelphia, Giving an Account of its Origin, Increase and Improvements. Philadelphia: Robert DeSilver, 1831. Meyer, David R. The Roots of American Industrialization, 1790-1860. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003. Milano, Kenneth W. Remembering Kensington & Fishtown: Philadelphia’s Riverward Neighborhoods. Charleston, SC: The History Press, 2008. “A Million Locks: The Output of One Month” (article about Miller Lock Company), Hardware Dealers’ Magazine, Vol. 46, No. 2 (August 1916), 351. “Modern Philadelphia: Things in Which Philadelphia Leads the World.” Moody’s Magazine, The Investor’s Monthly, Vol. 17 (January-December 1914, inclusive), 61-116. Nash, Gary B. Forging Freedom: The Formation of Philadelphia’s Black Community, 1720-1840. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1988. Nash, Gary B. “The Free Society of Traders and the Early Politics of Pennsylvania.” The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography Vol. 89, No. 2 (April 1965), 147-173. Needles, Samuel. “The Governor’s Mill, and the Globe Mills, Philadelphia.” Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, Part 1: Vol. 8 No. 3 (1884), 279-299; Part 2: Vol. 8 No. 4 (1884), 377-390. Rigal, Laura. The American Manufactory: Art, Labor, and the World of Things in the Early Republic. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1998. Remer, Rich. “Old Kensington.” Pennsylvania Legacies, Vol. 2 No. 2 (November 2002), 8-16. Roach, Hannah Benner. Colonial Philadelphians. Philadelphia: Genealogical Society of Pennsylvania, 1999. Roach, Hannah Benner. “The Planting of Philadelphia: A Seventeenth-Century Real Estate Development,” The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, Part 1: Vol. 92, No. 1 (January 1968), 3-47; Part 2: Vol. 92, No. 2 (April 1968), 143-194. The Road to Royal Wealth: An Illustrated History of the Successful Business Houses of Philadelphia. Philadelphia: Samuel Loag, 1869. Scharf, J. Thomas, and Thompson Wescott. History of Philadelphia, 1609-1884. 3 vols. Philadelphia: L. H. Everts, 1884. Scranton, Philip. Figured Tapestry: Production, Markets, and Power in Philadelphia Textiles, 1885-1941. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. Scranton, Philip. Proprietary Capitalism: The Textile Manufacture at Philadelphia, 1800–1885. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1983. Scranton, Philip. Endless Novelty: Specialty Production and American Industrialization, 1865-1925. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1997. Scranton, Philip, and Walter Licht. Work Sights: Industrial Philadelphia, 1890-1950. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1986. Shadwell, Arthur. Industrial Efficiencies: A Comparative Study of Industrial Life in England, Germany and America. Vol 1, pages 245-262. London: Longmans, Green, & Company, 1906. Shelton, Cynthia. “Labor and Capital in the Early Period of Manufacturing: The Failure of John Nicholson's Manufacturing Complex, 1793-1797.” The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography. Vol. 106 No. 3 (July 1982), 341-364. Silcox, Harry C. A Place to Live and Work: The Henry Disston Saw Works and the Tacony Community of Philadelphia. University Park, PA: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1994. Simon, Roger D., and Brian Alnutt. “Philadelphia, 1982-2007: Towards the Post-Industrial City.” The Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography, Vol. 81 No. 4 (October 2007), 395-444. Smith, Billy G. The “Lower Sort”: Philadelphia’s Laboring People, 1750-1800. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1990. IN THE CRADLE OF INDUSTRY AND LIBERTY 100
Sutcliffe, Andrea J. Steam: The Untold Story of America’s First Great Invention. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. Taylor, Frank H. and William B. McManus, The City of Philadelphia as it Appears in the Year 1894. Philadelphia: George S. Harris & Sons for the Philadelphia Chamber of Commerce/Trades League of Philadelphia, 1894. Tyler, David Budlong. The American Clyde; a History of Iron and Steel Ship-building on the Delaware from 1840 to World War I. Newark, DE: University of Delaware, 1958. Wagner, Rich. Philadelphia Beer: A Heady History of Brewing in the Cradle of Liberty. Charleston, SC: The History Press, 2012. Wallace, Anthony F. C. and David J. Jeremy. “William Pollard and the Arkwright Patents,” The William and Mary Quarterly, Third Series, Vol. 34, No. 3 (July 1977), 404-425. Warner, Sam Bass. The Private City: Philadelphia in Three Periods of Its Growth. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2nd edition, 1987. Waskie, Anthony. Philadelphia and the Civil War: Arsenal of the Union. Charleston, SC: The History Press, 2011. Watson, John F. Annals of Philadelphia, and Pennsylvania, in the Olden Time. Philadelphia: J.M. Stoddart & Company, 1877. Weigley, Russell Frank, Nicholas B. Wainwright, and Edwin Wolf, eds. Philadelphia: A 300 Year History. New York: W.W. Norton, 1982. “William Sellers,” Cassiers Magazine: Engineering Illustrated, Volume X, (May-October 1896), 231-233. Wilson, Thomas, and James Meese. Picture of Philadelphia For 1824, Containing the “Picture of Philadelphia for 1811 By James Mease, M. D.” With All Its Improvements Since That Period. Philadelphia, 1825. Winch, Julie. A Gentleman of Color: The Life of James Forten. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. Wolensky, Kenneth C. and Judith Rich, “Child Labor in Pennsylvania,” Historic Pennsylvania Leaflet No. 43. Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission, 1998. Workshop of the World: A Selective Guide to the Industrial Archeology of Philadelphia. Wallingford, PA: The Oliver Evans Press, 1990. INDEX A Abbotts dairy, 81 Abraham Cox Stove Company, 59 Adams, John, 28 African Americans, 24, 28, 31, 49, 69, 74, 80 AgustaWestland, 14-15, 90-91 aircraft, 15, 77, 86-87, 91 airports, 9, 14, 78, 91, 93 Aker, 14-15, 90 Alexander, Anne, 68 Allied Chemical, 76 Alligator, submarine, 50 Amoroso, 14, 89-90 Amstar sugar refinery, 80, 88 Amuneal, 92-93 anthracite. See coal Apple, Courtney, 96 Army, U. S., 69 arsenals, 32, 36, 40-41, 57, 76-77, 83, 90, See also Schuylkill and Frankford arsenals Association of Centenary Firms and Corporations, 62 Atlantic Refining, 74, 78, 87 automobiles, 9, 14-15, 36-37, 59, 69, 78, 81, 86-87, 90 B bakers, 22, 24, 28, 59, 88-89 Baldwin Locomotive, 9, 11, 14, 40, 51-54, 56, 59-60, 64, 66-67, 69, 74, 83, 85, 93, 96 Baltimore, 56 banks, 17, 32, 46, 56-57, 91 Barbary Wars, 47-48 Barnaby, Andrew, 27 Barry, John, 48 Bassett Ice Cream, 81 Baur, Philip, 88 Bayuk Brothers cigars, 80 beer & breweries, 14-15, 21-22, 25, 27-28, 55-56, 61-62, 74, 79-80, 83, 88-89, 96 Behrent, John, 29 Bergner & Engel brewery, 61, 79 Biddle, Nicholas, 57 Bishop, John, 57 Blabon, George W., 14 black smiths, 22, 24, 26, 37 Blue Anchor Tavern, 27 Blumenthal Brothers Chocolate Company, 80 Boeing, 90-91 boiler makers, 50-51 Bonnin & Morris, 28, 31 boots, 10, 16 Boston, 28 Bourse Building, 18 Bower, Henry, 55 Bradford, Andrew, 26 Branson, William, 27 Braskem, 91 brass & pewter, 22, 24, 31 Brewerytown, 15, 56, 79 Breyer’s ice cream, 81 brick making, 21, 22, 28 Bridesburg, 11, 39-41, 45, 57, 76, 87, 94 Bridesburg Machine Works, 11, 41 Bridesburg Manufacturing Company, 40, 45, 57 Bridges, Robert, 49 Brill, J. G. Company, 13, 56, 59, 66, 71, 74-75 Bristol, PA, 78, 87 Bromley carpet & lace, 56, 59, 64-66, 70-71, 74 Brown Instrument, 14 Budd, Edward G. Company, 14, 84, 86-88, 93 Bustleton, 86 Butch, Frank J. Company, 93 Butcher, William, 68 butchers, 22 buttons, 34 Byberry Township, 27 C Camden, New Jersey, 78, 81, 83, 90 Campbell textile mills, 43 candle makers, 22, 24, 27 candy, 14, 80, 90 Cardone, 15, 90 Carey, Matthew, 37 Caribbean, 16, 23, 31 carpet, 9-10, 27, 56, 64-66, 70, 75, 85 Cedar Grove, 39, 41 Centennial Exposition, 17, 58, 60-61, 80 Center City, 52, 54, 66, 94 chemicals, 10, 12, 30-31, 40-41, 43, 46, 54-55, 58-59, 61-62, 66, 76, 87, 91-94, 96 Chester, PA, 78 Chicago, 64, 75 child workers, 17, 33, 39, 43-44, 66, 74-75 chocolate, 27, 39, 80 cigars, 80 City Hall, Philadelphia, 66, 96-97 Civil War, 32, 42-43, 50, 55-57, 76, 79 clocks & watches, 22, 62 clothing, 8-9, 11, 16, 22, 31, 36, 65-66, 77 coal, 42, 46, 47, 51, 53, 73, 94 Coats, John, 28 Coats, Warwick shipyard, 26 Cohocksink Creek, 26, 39 Collegeville, Pennsylvania, 55, 91 confectioners, 62, 66, 80 Constitution, U.S., 17, 28, 31, 33, 34 Constitutional Convention, 33, 36 Continental Congress, 28, 30-31 Cornelius & Baker, 61 Cornelius & Sons lamp & gas fixtures, 60-61 cotton, 10, 11, 29, 33-35, 38-43, 45- 46, 57, 62 Coxe, Tench, 33-35, 38, 47 Craige, Holmes, and Company, 39 Cramp Shipyard, 11, 12, 14, 49-50, 56, 59, 64, 66-67, 74, 78, 83 Crescentville, 39 Cresson, George V., power machinery, 59 D dairies, 81 Decatur, Stephen Junior, 47-48 Decatur, Stephen Senior, 39, 48-49 Declaration of Independence, 17, 28, 31 Delaware River, 8, 11-12, 15, 20, 22- 26, 31, 36, 39-41, 49-50, 56, 66-67, 69, 76-78, 80-81, 83, 89-90, 93-94 Delaware, state of, 12, 36, 92 Dennis, Henry shipyard, 26 Detroit, 9, 59, 86 Dietz & Watson, 14-15, 89-90, 97 Disston Saw, 11, 15, 56, 59, 63, 66-67, 73-75, 83, 85 distilleries, 26 Dobson textile mills, 43 Dock Creek, 21, 26-28, 88, 93 Dock Street Brewing Company, 88 Dodge Brothers, 86 Domino Sugar, 80, 88 Dow Chemical, 87, 91, 96 DuPont, 10, 76 Dutch, 20, 23 dying (textile), 18-19, 31, 39-41, 96 E East Falls, 34, 45, 58 Eastwick & Harrison, 53 Eddystone, PA, 83, 85 electricity, 76 INDEX 101
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IN THE CRADLE OF INDUSTRY AND LIBER
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IN THE CRADLE OF INDUSTRY AND LIBER
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CONTENTS 4 FOREWORD 6 ACKNOWLEDGEME
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@ Michael A. Nutter, Former Mayor,
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For the historical images that enli
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This is a history of manufacturing
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While other manufacturing centers w
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@ Above: Workers at Midvale Steel p
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aircraft that dates to the earliest
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would hold into the early nineteent
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technology, transportation, and com
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age had joined the Religious Societ
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Philadelphians lived in the city’
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“and many boats, which are useful
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Quaker merchant Thomas Masters purc
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INDUSTRY INVENTORS Manufacturers in
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Quaker upbringing. Known as the “
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MAKING A CASE FOR AMERICAN MANUFACT
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up cotton manufacturing operations
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After receiving a patent for the en
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The Globe Mill on the Cohocksink Cr
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@ Opposite: Detail from 1849 map sh
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of the town’s total population. S
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On a positive note, a group of Fran
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factories with a powerful energy so
Page 51 and 52: and flagship for Commodore Matthew
Page 53 and 54: @ Left: Penn Steam Engine & Boiler
Page 55 and 56: Garrett & Eastwick Locomotive Works
Page 57 and 58: seen. The episode brought Hagner co
Page 59 and 60: United States, the nation’s de-fa
Page 61 and 62: The turn of the twentieth century p
Page 63 and 64: in various categories at the Centen
Page 65 and 66: makers, 20 stove manufacturers, 12
Page 67 and 68: and lace, in which Kensington manuf
Page 69 and 70: through exploitation of their worke
Page 71 and 72: @ Left: Yard locomotives at Midvale
Page 73 and 74: among the largest in the world at t
Page 75 and 76: factory nearby. This became the lar
Page 77 and 78: she writes of the sad circumstances
Page 79 and 80: @ Clockwise, starting from the top:
Page 81 and 82: BEER AND TOBACCO Beer making contin
Page 83 and 84: MILK AND ICE CREAM Like any major c
Page 85 and 86: the Philadelphia Phillies. Located
Page 87 and 88: and a half later from a city of man
Page 89 and 90: After major cutbacks in the auto in
Page 91 and 92: into countless lunchboxes throughou
Page 93 and 94: hangar space in 1980 at Northeast P
Page 95 and 96: is the nation’s largest manufactu
Page 97 and 98: fuel for local industries, current
Page 99 and 100: centralize operations in the buildi
Page 101: BOOKS AND ARTICLES Bridenbaugh, Car
Page 105 and 106: Penrose, Bartholomew & Thomas shipy
Page 107 and 108: PARTNERS IN BUILDING PHILADELPHIA H
Page 109 and 110: @ Left: An early Kingsbury advertis
Page 111 and 112: PARTNERS IN BUILDING PHILADELPHIA 1
Page 113 and 114: Aerodynamics. The name DeVal was a
Page 115 and 116: packaging and shipping; and nondest
Page 117 and 118: Another step in product advancement
Page 119 and 120: PHILLY CASE From the basement of a
Page 121 and 122: Under Yost’s direction, The Rowla
Page 123 and 124: The story of Tioga Pipe is a classi
Page 125 and 126: neighborhood. The increased product
Page 127 and 128: Humphrys is one of the oldest manuf
Page 129 and 130: The Doherty brothers realized, to s
Page 131 and 132: Centrally located off the Pennsylva
Page 133 and 134: Jersey and Delaware. Outgrowing the
Page 135 and 136: Philadelphia is famous for its appr
Page 137 and 138: injection molded plastic to enter t
Page 139 and 140: had expanded from smaller pieces fo
Page 141 and 142: for many years and they know the fi
Page 143 and 144: furnace as well as a custom flame h
Page 145 and 146: and Salmon Streets. The company wou
Page 147 and 148: The company capitalized on the stra
Page 149 and 150: discharges. The supercapacitors are
Page 151 and 152: products that are custom designed t
Page 153 and 154:
Today manufacturing matters, now mo
Page 155:
LEADERSHIP SPONSORS Historical Publ
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