BOOKS AND ARTICLES Kerkstra, Patrick. “Pipe Dreams,” Philadelphia Magazine, September 29, 2014. King, Moses. Philadelphia <strong>and</strong> Notable Philadelphians. New York: Moses King, 1901. Kyriakodis, Harry G. Philadelphia’s Lost Waterfront. Charleston, SC: <strong>The</strong> History Press, 2011. Lawrence, Charles. History <strong>of</strong> the Philadelphia Almshouses <strong>and</strong> Hospitals. Philadelphia: Charles Lawrence, 1905. Licht, Walter. Getting Work: Philadelphia 1840-1950. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992. Licht, Walter. <strong>In</strong>dustrializing America: <strong>The</strong> Nineteenth Century. Baltimore: <strong>The</strong> Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995. Lindstrom, Diane. Economic Development in the Philadelphia Region, 1810-1850. New York: Columbia University Press, 1978. Lydon, James G. “Philadelphia’s Commercial Expansion, 1720-1739,” <strong>The</strong> Pennsylvania Magazine <strong>of</strong> History <strong>and</strong> Biography, Vol. 91, No. 4 (October 1967), 401-418. Macfarlane, John James. Manufacturing in Philadelphia, 1683-1912. Philadelphia Commercial Museum, 1912. <strong>The</strong> Manufactories <strong>and</strong> Manufacturers <strong>of</strong> Pennsylvania <strong>of</strong> the Nineteenth Century. Philadelphia: Galaxy Publishing Company, 1875. Manufacturing Growth Strategy for Philadelphia. Report presented to Mayor Michael A. Nutter by the Manufacturing Task Force, December 2013. McConaghy, Mary. “<strong>The</strong> Whitaker Mill, 1813-1843: A Case Study <strong>of</strong> Workers, Technology <strong>and</strong> Community in Early <strong>In</strong>dustrial Philadelphia.” Pennsylvania History: A Journal <strong>of</strong> Mid-Atlantic Studies, Vol. 51, No.1 (January 1984), 30-63. McVarish, Douglas C., <strong>and</strong> Richard Meyer. Warships <strong>and</strong> Yardbirds: An Illustrated History <strong>of</strong> the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard. Philadelphia: Kvaerner, 2000. Mease, James <strong>and</strong> Thomas Porter. Picture <strong>of</strong> Philadelphia, Giving an Account <strong>of</strong> its Origin, <strong>In</strong>crease <strong>and</strong> Improvements. Philadelphia: Robert DeSilver, 1831. Meyer, David R. <strong>The</strong> Roots <strong>of</strong> American <strong>In</strong>dustrialization, 1790-1860. Baltimore: <strong>The</strong> Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003. Milano, Kenneth W. Remembering Kensington & Fishtown: Philadelphia’s Riverward Neighborhoods. Charleston, SC: <strong>The</strong> History Press, 2008. “A Million Locks: <strong>The</strong> Output <strong>of</strong> One Month” (article about Miller Lock Company), Hardware Dealers’ Magazine, Vol. 46, No. 2 (August 1916), 351. “Modern Philadelphia: Things in Which Philadelphia Leads the World.” Moody’s Magazine, <strong>The</strong> <strong>In</strong>vestor’s Monthly, Vol. 17 (January-December 1914, inclusive), 61-116. Nash, Gary B. Forging Freedom: <strong>The</strong> Formation <strong>of</strong> Philadelphia’s Black Community, 1720-1840. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1988. Nash, Gary B. “<strong>The</strong> Free Society <strong>of</strong> Traders <strong>and</strong> the Early Politics <strong>of</strong> Pennsylvania.” <strong>The</strong> Pennsylvania Magazine <strong>of</strong> History <strong>and</strong> Biography Vol. 89, No. 2 (April 1965), 147-173. Needles, Samuel. “<strong>The</strong> Governor’s Mill, <strong>and</strong> the Globe Mills, Philadelphia.” Pennsylvania Magazine <strong>of</strong> History <strong>and</strong> Biography, Part 1: Vol. 8 No. 3 (1884), 279-299; Part 2: Vol. 8 No. 4 (1884), 377-390. Rigal, Laura. <strong>The</strong> American Manufactory: Art, Labor, <strong>and</strong> the World <strong>of</strong> Things in the Early Republic. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1998. Remer, Rich. “Old Kensington.” Pennsylvania Legacies, Vol. 2 No. 2 (November 2002), 8-16. Roach, Hannah Benner. Colonial Philadelphians. Philadelphia: Genealogical Society <strong>of</strong> Pennsylvania, 1999. Roach, Hannah Benner. “<strong>The</strong> Planting <strong>of</strong> Philadelphia: A Seventeenth-Century Real Estate Development,” <strong>The</strong> Pennsylvania Magazine <strong>of</strong> History <strong>and</strong> Biography, Part 1: Vol. 92, No. 1 (January 1968), 3-47; Part 2: Vol. 92, No. 2 (April 1968), 143-194. <strong>The</strong> Road to Royal Wealth: An Illustrated History <strong>of</strong> the Successful Business Houses <strong>of</strong> Philadelphia. Philadelphia: Samuel Loag, 1869. Scharf, J. Thomas, <strong>and</strong> Thompson Wescott. History <strong>of</strong> Philadelphia, 1609-1884. 3 vols. Philadelphia: L. H. Everts, 1884. Scranton, Philip. Figured Tapestry: Production, Markets, <strong>and</strong> Power in Philadelphia Textiles, 1885-1941. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. Scranton, Philip. Proprietary Capitalism: <strong>The</strong> Textile Manufacture at Philadelphia, 1800–1885. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1983. Scranton, Philip. Endless Novelty: Specialty Production <strong>and</strong> American <strong>In</strong>dustrialization, 1865-1925. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1997. Scranton, Philip, <strong>and</strong> Walter Licht. Work Sights: <strong>In</strong>dustrial Philadelphia, 1890-1950. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1986. Shadwell, Arthur. <strong>In</strong>dustrial Efficiencies: A Comparative Study <strong>of</strong> <strong>In</strong>dustrial Life in Engl<strong>and</strong>, Germany <strong>and</strong> America. Vol 1, pages 245-262. London: Longmans, Green, & Company, 1906. Shelton, Cynthia. “Labor <strong>and</strong> Capital in the Early Period <strong>of</strong> Manufacturing: <strong>The</strong> Failure <strong>of</strong> John Nicholson's Manufacturing Complex, 1793-1797.” <strong>The</strong> Pennsylvania Magazine <strong>of</strong> History <strong>and</strong> Biography. Vol. 106 No. 3 (July 1982), 341-364. Silcox, Harry C. A Place to Live <strong>and</strong> Work: <strong>The</strong> Henry Disston Saw Works <strong>and</strong> the Tacony Community <strong>of</strong> Philadelphia. University Park, PA: <strong>The</strong> Pennsylvania State University Press, 1994. Simon, Roger D., <strong>and</strong> Brian Alnutt. “Philadelphia, 1982-2007: Towards the Post-<strong>In</strong>dustrial City.” <strong>The</strong> Pennsylvania Magazine <strong>of</strong> History <strong>and</strong> Biography, Vol. 81 No. 4 (October 2007), 395-444. Smith, Billy G. <strong>The</strong> “Lower Sort”: Philadelphia’s Laboring People, 1750-1800. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1990. IN THE CRADLE OF INDUSTRY AND LIBERTY 100
Sutcliffe, Andrea J. Steam: <strong>The</strong> Untold Story <strong>of</strong> America’s First Great <strong>In</strong>vention. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2004. Taylor, Frank H. <strong>and</strong> William B. McManus, <strong>The</strong> City <strong>of</strong> Philadelphia as it Appears in the Year 1894. Philadelphia: George S. Harris & Sons for the Philadelphia Chamber <strong>of</strong> Commerce/Trades League <strong>of</strong> Philadelphia, 1894. Tyler, David Budlong. <strong>The</strong> American Clyde; a History <strong>of</strong> Iron <strong>and</strong> Steel Ship-building on the Delaware from 1840 to World War I. Newark, DE: University <strong>of</strong> Delaware, 1958. Wagner, Rich. Philadelphia Beer: A Heady History <strong>of</strong> Brewing in the <strong>Cradle</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Liberty</strong>. Charleston, SC: <strong>The</strong> History Press, 2012. Wallace, Anthony F. C. <strong>and</strong> David J. Jeremy. “William Pollard <strong>and</strong> the Arkwright Patents,” <strong>The</strong> William <strong>and</strong> Mary Quarterly, Third Series, Vol. 34, No. 3 (July 1977), 404-425. Warner, Sam Bass. <strong>The</strong> Private City: Philadelphia in Three Periods <strong>of</strong> Its Growth. Philadelphia: University <strong>of</strong> Pennsylvania Press, 2nd edition, 1987. Waskie, Anthony. Philadelphia <strong>and</strong> the Civil War: Arsenal <strong>of</strong> the Union. Charleston, SC: <strong>The</strong> History Press, 2011. Watson, John F. Annals <strong>of</strong> Philadelphia, <strong>and</strong> Pennsylvania, in the Olden Time. Philadelphia: J.M. Stoddart & Company, 1877. Weigley, Russell Frank, Nicholas B. Wainwright, <strong>and</strong> Edwin Wolf, eds. Philadelphia: A 300 Year History. New York: W.W. Norton, 1982. “William Sellers,” Cassiers Magazine: Engineering Illustrated, Volume X, (May-October 1896), 231-233. Wilson, Thomas, <strong>and</strong> James Meese. Picture <strong>of</strong> Philadelphia For 1824, Containing the “Picture <strong>of</strong> Philadelphia for 1811 By James Mease, M. D.” With All Its Improvements Since That Period. Philadelphia, 1825. Winch, Julie. A Gentleman <strong>of</strong> Color: <strong>The</strong> Life <strong>of</strong> James Forten. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002. Wolensky, Kenneth C. <strong>and</strong> Judith Rich, “Child Labor in Pennsylvania,” Historic Pennsylvania Leaflet No. 43. Harrisburg: Pennsylvania Historical <strong>and</strong> Museum Commission, 1998. Workshop <strong>of</strong> the World: A Selective Guide to the <strong>In</strong>dustrial Archeology <strong>of</strong> Philadelphia. Wallingford, PA: <strong>The</strong> Oliver Evans Press, 1990. INDEX A Abbotts dairy, 81 Abraham Cox Stove Company, 59 Adams, John, 28 African Americans, 24, 28, 31, 49, 69, 74, 80 AgustaWestl<strong>and</strong>, 14-15, 90-91 aircraft, 15, 77, 86-87, 91 airports, 9, 14, 78, 91, 93 Aker, 14-15, 90 Alex<strong>and</strong>er, Anne, 68 Allied Chemical, 76 Alligator, submarine, 50 Amoroso, 14, 89-90 Amstar sugar refinery, 80, 88 Amuneal, 92-93 anthracite. See coal Apple, Courtney, 96 Army, U. S., 69 arsenals, 32, 36, 40-41, 57, 76-77, 83, 90, See also Schuylkill <strong>and</strong> Frankford arsenals Association <strong>of</strong> Centenary Firms <strong>and</strong> Corporations, 62 Atlantic Refining, 74, 78, 87 automobiles, 9, 14-15, 36-37, 59, 69, 78, 81, 86-87, 90 B bakers, 22, 24, 28, 59, 88-89 Baldwin Locomotive, 9, 11, 14, 40, 51-54, 56, 59-60, 64, 66-67, 69, 74, 83, 85, 93, 96 Baltimore, 56 banks, 17, 32, 46, 56-57, 91 Barbary Wars, 47-48 Barnaby, Andrew, 27 Barry, John, 48 Bassett Ice Cream, 81 Baur, Philip, 88 Bayuk Brothers cigars, 80 beer & breweries, 14-15, 21-22, 25, 27-28, 55-56, 61-62, 74, 79-80, 83, 88-89, 96 Behrent, John, 29 Bergner & Engel brewery, 61, 79 Biddle, Nicholas, 57 Bishop, John, 57 Blabon, George W., 14 black smiths, 22, 24, 26, 37 Blue Anchor Tavern, 27 Blumenthal Brothers Chocolate Company, 80 Boeing, 90-91 boiler makers, 50-51 Bonnin & Morris, 28, 31 boots, 10, 16 Boston, 28 Bourse Building, 18 Bower, Henry, 55 Bradford, Andrew, 26 Branson, William, 27 Braskem, 91 brass & pewter, 22, 24, 31 Brewerytown, 15, 56, 79 Breyer’s ice cream, 81 brick making, 21, 22, 28 Bridesburg, 11, 39-41, 45, 57, 76, 87, 94 Bridesburg Machine Works, 11, 41 Bridesburg Manufacturing Company, 40, 45, 57 Bridges, Robert, 49 Brill, J. G. Company, 13, 56, 59, 66, 71, 74-75 Bristol, PA, 78, 87 Bromley carpet & lace, 56, 59, 64-66, 70-71, 74 Brown <strong>In</strong>strument, 14 Budd, Edward G. Company, 14, 84, 86-88, 93 Bustleton, 86 Butch, Frank J. Company, 93 Butcher, William, 68 butchers, 22 buttons, 34 Byberry Township, 27 C Camden, New Jersey, 78, 81, 83, 90 Campbell textile mills, 43 c<strong>and</strong>le makers, 22, 24, 27 c<strong>and</strong>y, 14, 80, 90 Cardone, 15, 90 Carey, Matthew, 37 Caribbean, 16, 23, 31 carpet, 9-10, 27, 56, 64-66, 70, 75, 85 Cedar Grove, 39, 41 Centennial Exposition, 17, 58, 60-61, 80 Center City, 52, 54, 66, 94 chemicals, 10, 12, 30-31, 40-41, 43, 46, 54-55, 58-59, 61-62, 66, 76, 87, 91-94, 96 Chester, PA, 78 Chicago, 64, 75 child workers, 17, 33, 39, 43-44, 66, 74-75 chocolate, 27, 39, 80 cigars, 80 City Hall, Philadelphia, 66, 96-97 Civil War, 32, 42-43, 50, 55-57, 76, 79 clocks & watches, 22, 62 clothing, 8-9, 11, 16, 22, 31, 36, 65-66, 77 coal, 42, 46, 47, 51, 53, 73, 94 Coats, John, 28 Coats, Warwick shipyard, 26 Cohocksink Creek, 26, 39 Collegeville, Pennsylvania, 55, 91 confectioners, 62, 66, 80 Constitution, U.S., 17, 28, 31, 33, 34 Constitutional Convention, 33, 36 Continental Congress, 28, 30-31 Cornelius & Baker, 61 Cornelius & Sons lamp & gas fixtures, 60-61 cotton, 10, 11, 29, 33-35, 38-43, 45- 46, 57, 62 Coxe, Tench, 33-35, 38, 47 Craige, Holmes, <strong>and</strong> Company, 39 Cramp Shipyard, 11, 12, 14, 49-50, 56, 59, 64, 66-67, 74, 78, 83 Crescentville, 39 Cresson, George V., power machinery, 59 D dairies, 81 Decatur, Stephen Junior, 47-48 Decatur, Stephen Senior, 39, 48-49 Declaration <strong>of</strong> <strong>In</strong>dependence, 17, 28, 31 Delaware River, 8, 11-12, 15, 20, 22- 26, 31, 36, 39-41, 49-50, 56, 66-67, 69, 76-78, 80-81, 83, 89-90, 93-94 Delaware, state <strong>of</strong>, 12, 36, 92 Dennis, Henry shipyard, 26 Detroit, 9, 59, 86 Dietz & Watson, 14-15, 89-90, 97 Disston Saw, 11, 15, 56, 59, 63, 66-67, 73-75, 83, 85 distilleries, 26 Dobson textile mills, 43 Dock Creek, 21, 26-28, 88, 93 Dock Street Brewing Company, 88 Dodge Brothers, 86 Domino Sugar, 80, 88 Dow Chemical, 87, 91, 96 DuPont, 10, 76 Dutch, 20, 23 dying (textile), 18-19, 31, 39-41, 96 E East Falls, 34, 45, 58 Eastwick & Harrison, 53 Eddystone, PA, 83, 85 electricity, 76 INDEX 101
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IN THE CRADLE OF INDUSTRY AND LIBER
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IN THE CRADLE OF INDUSTRY AND LIBER
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CONTENTS 4 FOREWORD 6 ACKNOWLEDGEME
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@ Michael A. Nutter, Former Mayor,
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For the historical images that enli
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This is a history of manufacturing
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While other manufacturing centers w
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@ Above: Workers at Midvale Steel p
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aircraft that dates to the earliest
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would hold into the early nineteent
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technology, transportation, and com
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age had joined the Religious Societ
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Philadelphians lived in the city’
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“and many boats, which are useful
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Quaker merchant Thomas Masters purc
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INDUSTRY INVENTORS Manufacturers in
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Quaker upbringing. Known as the “
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MAKING A CASE FOR AMERICAN MANUFACT
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up cotton manufacturing operations
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After receiving a patent for the en
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The Globe Mill on the Cohocksink Cr
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@ Opposite: Detail from 1849 map sh
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of the town’s total population. S
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On a positive note, a group of Fran
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factories with a powerful energy so
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Today manufacturing matters, now mo
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