Program & Abstract Book - EPFL Latsis Symposium 2009

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EPFL Latsis Symposium 2009: Understanding Violence P-42 96 February 11-13 2009 bl o c k e D r e w a r D t r a n s l a t e s i n t o e n h a n c e D f r u s t r a t i o n a n D r e s p o n s e f o r c e Rongjun, Yu 1 ; Dean, Mobbs 1 ; Andrew, Calder 1 1 Medical Research Council, Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge CB2 2EF, UK Mammalian studies show that frustration is experienced when goal-directed activity is thwarted or blocked (Amsel et al., 1952). It is well known that frustration is an antecedent to aggression (Dollard et al., 1939), yet the laws governing frustration are still not well understood. We tested a theory that the greater the motivation to reach the goal, the stronger the experienced frustration if the goal is blocked. In Experiment 1, using a 4 trial reward schedule, we demonstrated that as the reward became proximal, participants responded faster, suggesting that their motivation increased as the reward proximity decreased. As participants approached the reward, their self-reported frustration increased after they failed to acquire the reward. We further demonstrate that responses direct following reward blocking showed that the applied force to the pressure-sensitive buttons increased with the enhanced self-reported frustration. In Experiment 2, using a multi trial reward schedule task, we further demonstrated that experienced frustration and applied forces following missed reward increase as a function of proximity after controlling for the efforts participants have devoted. We propose that frustration may serve an energizing function which translates the unfulfilled motivation into the vigor of subsequent behavior. Thus, blockage of proximal reward leads to enhanced frustration, which induces aggressive-like behavior.
EPFL Latsis Symposium 2009: Understanding Violence P-43 Poster Abstracts ag g r e s s i o n in psychiatric w a r D s : inDiviDual a n D e n v i r o n m e n t a l p r e D i c t o r s Salamin, Virginie 1 2 ; Schuwey-Hayoz, Aline 1 1 Réseau fribourgeois de santé mentale, Centre de soins hospitaliers, Marsens, Switzerland; 2 Département de psychologie, Université de Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland Background. Violence and aggression are quite common phenomena in mental hospitals. Patient’s psychopathology, ward or environmental characteristics and staff variables may contribute to the development of aggressive interactions. The goal of this study is to identify the correlates of aggressive incidents in adult inpatient treatment wards. Method. We conducted a prospective study in seven wards in a mental hospital (admission wards, specialized wards for mood disorders, substance abuse, psychoses and crisis intervention). All aggressive incidents were recorded with the revised Staff Observation Aggression Scale (SOAS-R) over a 24-months period. Demographical data and diagnosis were routinely assessed. Results. The sample comprised 2671 treatment episodes of 1655 patients and a total of 95’365 treatment days. We recorded 9,5% of aggressive patients, mostly males, and a rather low incidence rate (0.52 aggressions per 100 treatment days). Younger age, a longer length of stay, male gender and personality disorders were associated with a higher risk for aggressive incidents. The prevalence of aggressive behaviour is highest among substance abuse (29%) and psychotic (23%) patients. Frequency and severity of aggressive behaviour are correlated to the monthly admission (respectively r=0.47 and r=0.37, p
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Program & Abstract Book - EPFL Latsis Symposium 2009

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