Program & Abstract Book - EPFL Latsis Symposium 2009

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EPFL Latsis Symposium 2009: Understanding Violence P-16 70 February 11-13 2009 on t h e n e u r a l p r o c e s s i n g o f v i o l e n t a n D n o n -v i o l e n t c o m p u t e r g a m e s c e n a r i o s in g a m e r s a n D n o n -g a m e r s Fehr, Thorsten 1 ; Regenbogen, Christina 2 ; Herrmann, Manfred 1 1 Center for Cognitive Sciences, Dept. Of Neuropsychology/Behavioral Neurobiology, Center for Advanced Imaging Bremen/Magdeburg, Bremen University, Germany; 2 Center for Cognitive Sciences, Dept. Of Neuropsychology/Behavioral Neurobiology, Bremen University, Dept. of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, RWTH Aachen University, Germany There is a large public and scientific discussion about the effects of violent video games on behaviour-related aspects such as arousal, emotion, and cognition. The ability to differentiate between reality and fiction has been discussed to be reduced in individuals who intensively use media particularly displaying violent content. In the present fMRI study violent computer game scenarios and an analogous parallel form of video sequences displaying real characters were presented to a group of 22 young males with (gamers) and without (non-gamers) history of long-term violent video game experience. A comparison between violent and non-violent scenarios suggested large differences in activation patterns between gamers and non-gamers as well as between the processing of the virtual and the real scenarios. A lack of sub-cortical network activation, as identified in both group- and single-individual analyses, indicated a rather ‘cold’ and neocortical represented and less arousal driven form of emotional processing of both virtual and real violent scenarios in both groups. This might indicate a general desensitisation-to-violence-effect in both gamers and non-gamers, potentially caused by predominantly miss-attributed and perverted forms of any kind of violence in all public media always present and chronically available for everyone. Additionally, large individual differences point to the necessity to particularly consider individual learning histories and developmental factors. Taken together, the present data do not support the view that gamers are impaired in differentially processing virtual and real contextual information, even after a long learning history of computer game play.
EPFL Latsis Symposium 2009: Understanding Violence P-17 an i n t e g r a t i n g s y s t e m o f m o r a l D i s e n g a g e m e n t a n D a g g r e g a t i o n w i t h D e v i a n t p e e r g o v e r n i n g v i o l e n t a g g r e s s i o n Fida, Roberta 1 ; Paciello, Marinella 1 ; Tramontano, Carlo 1 ; Caprara, Gian Vittorio 1 Poster Abstracts 1 Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy Earlier aggression predicts different manifestations of later violence (Farrington, 1994 ; Loeber &Loeber, 1998; Stattin &Magnusson, 1989). Nevertheless not all aggressive behavior becomes violent over years, whereas violent conduct often derives from earlier aggression. We focused on the interconnection between contextual and individual factors as a mediator of the relation between aggression in pre-adolescence and violent outcomes in youth. We included aggregation with deviant peer as a relational risky context variable and moral disengagement as crucial individual dimension related to the recourse to social cognitive mechanisms that legitimate behaviors that hurt other people. We considered Bandura’s triadic reciprocal determinism as a pivotal model of causation in which violent aggression in youth can be seen as the result of interactive relation between moral disengagement and aggregation with deviant peer that operate as interrelated determinants that influence each other bidirectionally. In particular we hypothesized that aggression at 13/14 years influence violent aggression at 21/22 years directly and indirectly through the interrelation between the development of both moral disengagement and aggregation with deviant peer from 15 to 20 years. We use Growth Latent Curve analysis among a sample of 324 Italian adolescents (50% boys) part of an ongoing longitudinal two cohorts design assessed five times. We assessed earlier aggression using Physical and Verbal Aggression Scale (Caprara &Pastorelli, 1993) rated by peers; Moral Disengagement using Bandura’s scale (Bandura et al., 1996); Aggregation with deviant peer using Capaldi and Patterson’s scale (1989); Violent aggression using 3 items selected from Physical and Verbal Aggression Scale (Caprara, Pastorelli, 1993) and 3 items selected from Violence Scale (Caprara, Mazzotti, &Prezza, 1990). Results attested the reciprocal reinforcement between intra-individual and inter-personal processes during adolescence that can lead aggression in pre-adolescence into violent outcomes in youth. We discuss implication in preventing violent aggression in youth. 71
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Program & Abstract Book - EPFL Latsis Symposium 2009

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