Program & Abstract Book - EPFL Latsis Symposium 2009

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EPFL Latsis Symposium 2009: Understanding Violence P-14 68 February 11-13 2009 co m m u n a l n e s t i n g , a n e a r l y s o c i a l e n r i c h m e n t , s h a p e s s o c i a l b e h a v i o r a n D c o p i n g r e s p o n s e t o s o c i a l s t r e s s in a D u l t m o u s e D’Andrea, Ivana 1 ; Cirulli, Francesca 1 ; Branchi, Igor 1 ; Alleva, Enrico 1 1 Section of Behavioural Neurosciences, Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy. Early experiences produce persistent changes in behavior and brain function. Being reared in a Communal Nest (CN), consisting of a single nest where three mothers keep their pups together and share care-giving behavior from birth to weaning, provides an highly stimulating social environment to the developing pup. CN characterizes the natural ecological niche of the mouse species and represents a form of early social enrichment. In the CN, both mother-offspring and peer-to-peer interactions are markedly increased. At adulthood, CN mice show higher propensity to interact socially with conspecifics and more elaborate social competencies compared to mice reared in standard laboratory conditions (SN). In particular, CN mice play the role of either the dominant or the subordinate starting from the first agonistic encounter, while SN mice need five social encounters to fully show their social role. Furthermore, CN mice display high levels of aggressive behavior only when appropriate in an ecoethological perspective, i.e. when they have to set up or defend their own territory. With regard to emotional behavior and hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal (HPA) axis activation, CN mice are less vulnerable to anhedonia following psychosocial stress and display a reduced activation of the HPA axis after acute or prolonged exposure to social challenge. The present findings show that being reared in a CN plays a crucial role in structuring adult social competencies in the mouse. Overall, the social environment to which an organism is exposed during critical developmental periods, exerts a major effects in shaping social behavior at adulthood. Supported by EU, project INTELLIMAZE contract n 037965.
EPFL Latsis Symposium 2009: Understanding Violence P-15 Poster Abstracts a v o X e l-b a s e D m o r p h o m e t r y (vbm) s t u D y o f b r a i n s t r u c t u r e in m a l e a D o l e s c e n t s w i t h co n D u c t Di s o r D e r Fairchild, Graeme 1 ; Passamonti, Luca 2 ; Hurford, Georgina 1 ; von dem Hagen, Elisabeth 2 ; van Goozen, Stephanie 3 ; Fletcher, Paul 1 ; Goodyer, Ian 1 ; Calder, Andrew 2 1 Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge University; 2 Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge; 3 School of Psychology, Cardiff University Recent studies from our group have demonstrated neurocognitive and emotional impairments in male adolescents with early-onset and adolescence-onset forms of Conduct Disorder (CD), a psychiatric diagnosis associated with increased aggressive and antisocial behaviour. To investigate the mechanisms underlying such impairments, we acquired structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from these individuals and used a data-driven approach, voxel-based morphometry (VBM), to quantify differences in brain structure between groups. We report preliminary results from 20 control participants and 30 participants with CD (20 had early-onset CD and 10 had adolescence-onset CD). Collapsing across CD subgroups, CD participants overall showed reductions in rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC; p>.001 uncorrected) and intraparietal sulcus (p>.001 uncorrected) grey matter volume relative to controls. Using a less stringent threshold (p>.01 uncorrected), volume reductions were observed across the anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala and anterior insular cortex in participants with CD. Compared with controls, participants with early-onset CD showed volume reductions in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC; p>.001 uncorrected) and intraparietal sulcus (p>.001 uncorrected). These data suggest that the most pronounced structural abnormalities in CD occur in brain regions involved in emotion regulation. Findings of reduced dACC volume are consistent with a previous functional imaging study showing abnormal patterns of dACC activation during emotion processing in early-onset CD, but diverge somewhat from prior structural imaging studies primarily using subjects with comorbid CD and ADHD. This study differs from the others in the literature because most (73%) of the participants with CD did not have a comorbid ADHD diagnosis. 69
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Program & Abstract Book - EPFL Latsis Symposium 2009

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