Program & Abstract Book - EPFL Latsis Symposium 2009

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EPFL Latsis Symposium 2009: Understanding Violence P-46 100 February 11-13 2009 ge n D e r a n D ag g r e s s i o n: an fmri-st u D y Strüber, Daniel1 2 ; Roth, Gerhard2 ; Herrmann, Manfred3 4 ; 3 4 Fehr, Thorsten 1 Department of General Psychology, Helmut-Schmidt-University / University of the Federal Armed Forces Hamburg, Germany; 2 Brain Research Institute, University of Bremen, Germany; 3 Center for Cognitive Sciences, Department of Neuropsychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Bremen, Germany; 4 Center for Advanced Imaging, Universities of Bremen and Magdeburg, Germany It is a well-known fact that men engage in more direct aggression than women. However, the neural correlates of this gender difference remain unclear. Here we employed a novel video stimulus inventory (BRAIN–BRemen Aggression INventory) to examine the affective responses and brain activations while 11 men and 11 women viewed aggressive and neutral scenes under natural viewing conditions. Per category, 30 video clips (5-6 seconds duration) were presented in a pseudorandomized order. The behavioural results showed that the aggressive scenes induced more anger and less fear in men whereas women rated their emotions as more fearful and less angry. The fMRI data showed for both males and females activation patterns in postcentral and inferior parietal regions when watching the reactive aggressive situations in contrast to neutral ones. Females further showed occipital and occipital-temporal activations possibly reflecting a more intense and fear-based analysis of the situation, whereas males showed a more anterior distribution of activations in temporal and frontal brain regions. In addition, men only showed bilateral brainstem activations which might be linked to a more pronounced tendency of attack behaviour. Basic neural network components related to aggressive behaviour might be located predominantly in subcortical structures, whereas aggressionrelated action programs might reflect individual learning histories and, therefore, be located in group-specific and/or interindividually varying neocortical networks. These findings demonstrate gender-specific brain activations during the affective processing of aggressive situations that may relate to gender differences in direct aggression.
EPFL Latsis Symposium 2009: Understanding Violence P-47 violence against women, a social construction resulting from a seXist anD patriarchal society Terzidis, Amanda, Muri, Sandra 1 1 Viol-Secours Association Poster Abstracts Understanding violence for Viol-Secours means to deal with sexual violence against women. Sexual violence appears in different forms, ranging from sexist verbal aggression to rape which is the ultimate crime. Our analysis underlines that violence start with trivialization of sexist advertising and pornography (promotion of women as sex object, who can be used and handled), eating disorder normalization, artificial and unattainable beauty criteria, promotion of plastic surgery, to finally culminate in rape. Rape is the extreme manner for a man to show his willingness to dominate and humiliate a woman. In fact, our experience highlights that a sexual aggression has nothing to do with sexual desire and/or sexual impulse. It is the will to dominate and humiliate which predominates for the aggressor. During a rape, the aggressor behaves as though he has the power to decide if “his victim” must live or die. We explain the origin of sexual violence against women neither as a fatality nor as a “male nature”, but as a social construction. This construction is the expression of a patriarchal society which assigns differentiated and unequal roles to people according to their gender. Discriminative gender differences appear in everyday life, as much in the public as in the private area. It starts with education still based on sexist stereotypes. In general, little girls are educated to be sweet, pleasant, altruistic, passive, while little boys are encouraged to be active, independent, conqueror and strong. It continues later in a social organisation which legitimates and perpetuates gender inequality. Consequently, in order to combat sexual violence, we are taking preventive action, notably in schools, and we continue to denounce sexism in everyday life, working for that, with both women and men. 101
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Program & Abstract Book - EPFL Latsis Symposium 2009

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