PR-2237IRE Ancient Rome

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TEACHERS N OTE Foundation of Rome The Etruscans were skilful seamen who traded with Greece, North Africa, Egypt and the Near East. Their language was different from other languages in the Western Mediterranean and little is known about their origins. They ruled much of Italy for 300 years before their defeat by more powerful Roman legions. Scholars don’t know much about the structure of the Etruscan language, which doesn’t resemble Greek or Latin. In the 19th century an Etruscan document was found in the wrappings of an Egyptian mummy, but philologists have still been unable to find a key to the language. The discovery of the Rosetta stone unlocked the mysteries of Egyptian hieroglyphics and scholars are hoping for a similar find for the Etruscan language. In 1964 three gold tablets were excavated near Rome. They contained Etruscan and Punic inscriptions, but despite months examining and comparing them, scholars found there was insufficient information to provide any more knowledge. As the Roman Empire spread from its humble beginnings, conquered countries became provinces controlled by governors. Roman conquest brought improved legal systems (our civil laws are developed from Roman law), better farming methods, splendid roads and buildings, but also brutality. Cicero, a famous orator and politician, was critical of this aspect of the Empire when he wrote, ‘There isn’t a place which has not been invaded by the greed and injustice of our fellow Romans ... it is hard to find words to say how much foreign nations hate us’. The Empire began in 27 BC with the rule of the emperor Augustus. Despite the disadvantages of living under Roman rule it is important to remember that Latin, the Roman language, has formed the basis of modern languages such as Italian, English, French, Spanish and Portuguese. Viewing Sample Activity suggestions. When the early Romans drove out Rome’s last king, Tarquin, the Etruscan leader, Lars Porsena, supported Tarquin and attacked Rome. The bridge leading into the city across the Tiber was defended by the Roman hero, Horatius. Though Lars Porsena ruled Rome for a few years, historians believe Horatius is a legendary person. Read and discuss Lord Macaulay’s poem about Horatius in his book ‘Lays of Ancient Rome’. – 2 – Ancient Rome Prim-Ed Publishing www.prim-ed.com
Foundation of Rome Archaeologists believe the mighty Roman Empire started before 1000 BC. It probably began as a small cluster of wooden huts on the hills near the River Tiber on the west coast of central Italy. As the settlement, built on fertile farmland, grew in size and population the powerful kingdom of Etruria to its north became interested. Soon they took control of the region and built the city of Rome. Activity Box 1. What helped the original settlement to grow? 2. Who was the last ruler of the Etruscans? 3. How does a republic benefit its citizens? 4. In which part of Italy were the Greek settlements? 5. What outer boundaries of the Empire were mentioned? The Etruscans were religious, artistic people who produced fine paintings, ceramics and sculptures. They travelled widely and traded with far-off lands when the Romans were just simple farmers. Seven kings ruled Rome until 509 BC when Roman nobles led the people and drove out the last Etruscan king, called Tarquin. The nobles then declared Rome was a republic where its citizens would elect their rulers. The Romans gradually conquered most of Italy, including the Greeks who had settled in the south. At the height of its power the Roman Empire stretched from Britain to the Middle East and included 80 million people of all nationalities. 6. Why do you think the Etruscans became interested in the original settlement of Rome? 7. Use an atlas and match the ancient names of conquered countries in the Roman Empire with their modern names. Macedonia • • Libya Viewing Sample Cyrenaica • • France Cappadocia • • Greece Gallia • • Spain Britannia • • Turkey Hispania • • Britain Numidia • • Bulgaria Thracia • • Algeria Prim-Ed Publishing www.prim-ed.com Ancient Rome – 3 –
Page 1 and 2: Viewing Sample Written by George Mo
Page 3 and 4: Foreword From its beginning in the
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Page 9 and 10: Activity Box Romulus and Remus This
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Roman Life - Entertainment Children
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In early Roman times the land was o
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Farming - Tools The only machine us
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Trade For many years during the ‘
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Roman Technology - Aqueducts Suppli
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Roman Technology The Romans were re
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Though women had few career opportu
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As the Empire spread throughout the
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Roman numerals (symbols representin
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For nearly 400 years Britain enjoye
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Romans In Britain - Hadrian Hadrian
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1. Use these words to complete the
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Activity Box Romans in Britain - So
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The First Emperor - Augustus Octavi
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Enemies of Rome - Hannibal After lo
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Enemies of Rome - Alaric Alaric hop
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Over hundreds of years the Romans h
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1. Chariot with two horses (a) Duog
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Activity 3 - Time line game Toss th
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PR-2237IRE Ancient Rome

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