PR-2237IRE Ancient Rome

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Roman Gods and Goddesses Jupiter He was the most powerful god, protector of Rome and ruler of the universe. Jupiter was a sky god of thunder and lightning whose symbols were the eagle and the thunderbolt. Ancient astronomers named a planet after Jupiter, who was the son of Saturn. His temple was the religious centre of Rome and his temples were built in every Roman town. When the consuls were appointed in January each year, bulls were sacrificed to thank Jupiter for his protection the previous year. TEACHERS N OTE Mars Mars was the god of war and Romans prayed to him for successes over their enemies. He was specially important as he was thought to be the father of Romulus and Remus. Originally the god of farmland, March is named after him as it was the start of the Roman growing season. The planet Mars was named after him because of its angry red colour. When war broke out a Roman consul had to shake the god’s sacred spears and cry ‘Mars vigila’ – ‘Mars, wake up!’. Neptune God of the sea and son of Saturn. Neptune’s son, Triton, was said to be half man and half fish. Statues show him with a trident, a three-pronged spear, which he used to raise or quieten storms at sea. Sailors prayed to him for a safe journey and the world famous Trevi Fountain in Rome includes a statue of Neptune, who also had a planet named after him. Minerva As the daughter of Jupiter she was an important goddess. She was the goddess of arts and crafts and education and her temple was a popular meeting place for artists, actors and poets. Her main festival was in March and later she became the goddess of wisdom and war. Mercury Jupiter’s messenger and god of roads and travel. He wore winged sandals and was also the god of trade. His name has given us the words ‘merchant’ and ‘commerce’. He was the son of Jupiter and snakes wound around his staff protected him on his travels. His first temple was built in 495 BC and his name has also been given to a planet. Ceres An Earth goddess of agriculture, especially fruit and grain—‘cereal’ comes from her name. She was worshipped by farmers and the common people of Rome. Her temple built in 493 BC was damaged by fire in 31 BC but rebuilt by the emperor Augustus Caesar. Janus The two-headed god, with one face looking to the future and the other looking at the historical past. This god guarded the doors and archways and gave us the name of our first month as he was seen as the protector of the start of life. His festival day was 9 January and his worship dates back to Rome’s early years. In 235 BC the doors of the temple of Janus were closed to show Rome was at peace with all nations for the first time. Bacchus Viewing Sample The festivals for Bacchus, the Roman god of wine, were drinking feasts which were originally held in secret and attended by women only. Their reputation for drunkenness and riots resulted in the senate passing a decree to ban them except for special occasions. The Romans began to worship Bacchus after coming into contact with Greek customs around 700 BC. – 30 – Ancient Rome Prim-Ed Publishing www.prim-ed.com
Roman Gods and Goddesses Viewing Sample Activity Box Listen to or read the information provided by the teacher. Then write words in the boxes to describe each god/goddess. Prim-Ed Publishing www.prim-ed.com Ancient Rome – 31 –
Page 1 and 2: Viewing Sample Written by George Mo
Page 3 and 4: Foreword From its beginning in the
Page 5 and 6: CURRICULUM Links Ancient Rome cover
Page 7 and 8: Foundation of Rome Archaeologists b
Page 9 and 10: Activity Box Romulus and Remus This
Page 11 and 12: Romulus and Remus Activity Box Comp
Page 13 and 14: Destruction of Pompeii Stepping sto
Page 15 and 16: Excavations at Pompeii From 1861 th
Page 17 and 18: Match the correct labels to the dia
Page 19 and 20: In 390 BC Celtic warriors from the
Page 21 and 22: Roman Legions Soldiers being treate
Page 23 and 24: Roman Legions Roman legions contain
Page 25 and 26: Roman Legions - Weapons Roman Batte
Page 27 and 28: It would be difficult to imagine li
Page 29 and 30: Activity Box Roman Slaves - Spartac
Page 31 and 32: Government - The Republic After the
Page 33: Roman Gods and Goddesses The Romans
Page 37 and 38: Roman Life-Homes The homes of the s
Page 39 and 40: stokehole Activity Box Roman Life -
Page 41 and 42: A mosaic found at Herculaneum Activ
Page 43 and 44: Roman Life - Food Metal knife with
Page 45 and 46: Roman Life - Food The Romans did no
Page 47 and 48: Roman Life - Education In the early
Page 49 and 50: The Roman standards of hygiene were
Page 51 and 52: Roman Life - Entertainment Public e
Page 53 and 54: Roman Life - Entertainment Circuses
Page 55 and 56: Theatres Roman Life - Entertainment
Page 57 and 58: Roman Life - Entertainment Children
Page 59 and 60: In early Roman times the land was o
Page 61 and 62: Farming - Tools The only machine us
Page 63 and 64: Trade For many years during the ‘
Page 65 and 66: Roman Technology - Aqueducts Suppli
Page 67 and 68: Roman Technology The Romans were re
Page 69 and 70: Though women had few career opportu
Page 71 and 72: As the Empire spread throughout the
Page 73 and 74: Roman numerals (symbols representin
Page 75 and 76: For nearly 400 years Britain enjoye
Page 77 and 78: Romans In Britain - Hadrian Hadrian
Page 79 and 80: 1. Use these words to complete the
Page 81 and 82: Activity Box Romans in Britain - So
Page 83 and 84: The First Emperor - Augustus Octavi
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Enemies of Rome - Hannibal After lo
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Enemies of Rome - Alaric Alaric hop
Page 89 and 90:
Over hundreds of years the Romans h
Page 91 and 92:
1. Chariot with two horses (a) Duog
Page 93 and 94:
Activity 3 - Time line game Toss th
Page 95 and 96:
Page 3 Foundation of Rome 1. fertil
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Page 75 Romans in Britain - Boudica
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