PR-2237IRE Ancient Rome

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TEACHERS N OTE Roman Legions – Weapons The ideas for some weapons were copied from Greek technology and then the Romans made improvements. A Greek writer called Polybius wrote, ‘As soon as they saw Greek weapons the Romans began to copy them. This is one of their strong points’. The Onager This was a giant catapult used to hurl boulders or burning materials. Large boulders, as much as 50 kg in weight, could be thrown up to 500 metres. It is believed that the onager, a wild ass, gave its name to the catapult because they both had the same rapid kicking action. The Ballista This was also a siege weapon which could fire arrows or metal bolts. In the first century AD a type of ballista was invented which would fire a succession of arrows, a similar idea to repeating weapons used in modern warfare. The ballista, in effect, was a large stationary crossbow which could fire arrows 300 metres. A weapon like the ballista can be seen on Trajan’s column in Rome. It was often mounted on a cart to make it more mobile. Siege Tower The siege tower was built taller than the walls of the city under siege. It could be constructed out of the reach of enemy weapons and then wheeled forward, where it was very effective in breaching defensive walls. Battering Ram (an Aries) The wooden roof of the ram was also covered with leather to protect the attackers from missiles. This weapon was used successfully by the Assyrians and Alexander the Great. It was still being used in the 1400s, when it was replaced by the siege cannon, which was more effective at breaking down walls and gates. The Trireme The vessel was a common warship in Mediterranean countries. The trireme had three banks of oars and was faster than the quinquereme. It was about 35 metres long and 5.5 metres wide. A metal-tipped ram at the bow pierced enemy ships at the waterline. The trireme carried crew, archers, soldiers, officers and, most of all, oarsmen. Some used grappling irons to pull ships alongside so soldiers could lower a bridge and board the enemy vessel. The trireme was also used as a trading ship to carry goods to Rome from around the Empire. Viewing Sample – 20 – Ancient Rome Prim-Ed Publishing www.prim-ed.com
Roman Legions – Weapons Roman Battering Ram Cover to protect soldiers from stones, spears, arrows etc. Roman Siege Tower A platform could be lowered onto a defensive wall to enable Roman soldiers to attack the defenders. Log swung to and fro to break down defensive barriers The Ballista Arrow or iron bolt shoots out here. Bowstring. Slot for arrow or iron bolt. Hook embeds itself in enemy deck. Winch pulls back the bowstring. The Onager – A Giant Catapult Logs for moving ram forward. Wheels were also used to propel siege towers/ battering rams. Armed soldiers entered from rear and climbed a series of levels. The Trireme Arm is winched back. Ropes tightened around throwing arm. Hook released and arm shoots forward as ropes untwist at speed. The tower was rolled forward on logs. As the back log was exposed it was carried around to the front. The canvas sail was taken down and the mast lowered when engaging enemy ships in battle. Tower for archers. An ‘aplustre’ made of curved planks to resemble the tail of a sea monster. Viewing Sample Eye to drive away spirits. Ram. Hull made of light fir wood. Large oars either side of stern for guiding the ship. Activity Box With a partner, use card, wooden lolly sticks, straws, glue etc. and make one of the Roman weapons of war shown above. Prim-Ed Publishing www.prim-ed.com Ancient Rome – 21 –
Page 1 and 2: Viewing Sample Written by George Mo
Page 3 and 4: Foreword From its beginning in the
Page 5 and 6: CURRICULUM Links Ancient Rome cover
Page 7 and 8: Foundation of Rome Archaeologists b
Page 9 and 10: Activity Box Romulus and Remus This
Page 11 and 12: Romulus and Remus Activity Box Comp
Page 13 and 14: Destruction of Pompeii Stepping sto
Page 15 and 16: Excavations at Pompeii From 1861 th
Page 17 and 18: Match the correct labels to the dia
Page 19 and 20: In 390 BC Celtic warriors from the
Page 21 and 22: Roman Legions Soldiers being treate
Page 23: Roman Legions Roman legions contain
Page 27 and 28: It would be difficult to imagine li
Page 29 and 30: Activity Box Roman Slaves - Spartac
Page 31 and 32: Government - The Republic After the
Page 33 and 34: Roman Gods and Goddesses The Romans
Page 35 and 36: Roman Gods and Goddesses Viewing Sa
Page 37 and 38: Roman Life-Homes The homes of the s
Page 39 and 40: stokehole Activity Box Roman Life -
Page 41 and 42: A mosaic found at Herculaneum Activ
Page 43 and 44: Roman Life - Food Metal knife with
Page 45 and 46: Roman Life - Food The Romans did no
Page 47 and 48: Roman Life - Education In the early
Page 49 and 50: The Roman standards of hygiene were
Page 51 and 52: Roman Life - Entertainment Public e
Page 53 and 54: Roman Life - Entertainment Circuses
Page 55 and 56: Theatres Roman Life - Entertainment
Page 57 and 58: Roman Life - Entertainment Children
Page 59 and 60: In early Roman times the land was o
Page 61 and 62: Farming - Tools The only machine us
Page 63 and 64: Trade For many years during the ‘
Page 65 and 66: Roman Technology - Aqueducts Suppli
Page 67 and 68: Roman Technology The Romans were re
Page 69 and 70: Though women had few career opportu
Page 71 and 72: As the Empire spread throughout the
Page 73 and 74: Roman numerals (symbols representin
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For nearly 400 years Britain enjoye
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Romans In Britain - Hadrian Hadrian
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1. Use these words to complete the
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Activity Box Romans in Britain - So
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The First Emperor - Augustus Octavi
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Enemies of Rome - Hannibal After lo
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Enemies of Rome - Alaric Alaric hop
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Over hundreds of years the Romans h
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1. Chariot with two horses (a) Duog
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Activity 3 - Time line game Toss th
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Page 3 Foundation of Rome 1. fertil
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Page 75 Romans in Britain - Boudica
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PR-2237IRE Ancient Rome

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