- Page 1 and 2: ELECTRIC POWER TRANSFORMER ENGINEER
- Page 3 and 4: I wish to recognize the interest of
- Page 5 and 6: Contents 1 Theory and Principles Ch
- Page 7 and 8: 1.3 Equivalent Circuit of an Iron-C
- Page 9 and 10: designer starts to make a design fo
- Page 11 and 12: • Transient voltages generated du
- Page 13 and 14: the transformer’s bushings and, m
- Page 15 and 16: % regulation = [(V NL - V FL )/V FL
- Page 17: In core-form transformers, the wind
- Page 21 and 22: the transformer design, which may b
- Page 23 and 24: consumer’s service circuit is a d
- Page 25 and 26: FIGURE 2.2.3 Single-phase transform
- Page 27 and 28: is installed so that the tank never
- Page 29 and 30: above which persons might be burned
- Page 31 and 32: FIGURE 2.2.16 Two-bushing subway. (
- Page 33 and 34: carbon steel or the very expensive
- Page 35 and 36: FIGURE 2.2.31 Radial-style dead fro
- Page 37 and 38: FIGURE 2.2.36 Complete transformer
- Page 39 and 40: voltage in each winding simultaneou
- Page 41 and 42: mounted transformers can have arres
- Page 43 and 44: V S + V S I V L Z=R+jX a) V L V S V
- Page 45 and 46: Z = jX (2.3.19) 0.7 Then the curren
- Page 47 and 48: X1 L* X1 S =X1 L X2 L* X3 L* a) S L
- Page 49 and 50: 150 V(%) 100 50 0 -50 40 80 T(s) 12
- Page 51 and 52: 2.3.8.1.2 Series Connection • The
- Page 53 and 54: A six-pulse single-way transformer
- Page 55 and 56: The degree of coupling also influen
- Page 57 and 58: where I h = current for the hth har
- Page 59 and 60: In the case of liquid-filled transf
- Page 61 and 62: FIGURE 2.4.21 A 36-pulse system mad
- Page 63 and 64: Vacuum-pressure encaps ulated — T
- Page 65 and 66: FIGURE 2.6.1 Typical wiring and sin
- Page 67 and 68: a) H1 b) Ip X2 FLUX H2 LEAKAGE FLUX
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and for CTs is TCF = RCF - (PA/2600
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RCF x Bx Bt RCF t - RCF 0 co
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2000 1000 5% Vex BANDWITH FROM NOMI
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This may be more useful when operat
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also some uncertainty in repeatabil
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FIGURE 2.6.25 Standard two-element
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2.7 Step-Voltage Regulators Craig A
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Source Bypass Switch Source Bypass
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2.7.4 Theory A step-voltage regulat
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FIGURE 2.7.22 Equalizer winding inc
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TABLE 2.7.4 Increase in Ampere Load
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References IEEE, Standard Requireme
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300% FIGURE 2.8.4 Schematic of a co
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TABLE 2.8.1 Typical Sizing Workshee
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Input with Interruption Ferro Outpu
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FIGURE 2.8.20A Performance of a rid
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• Input frequency or frequency ra
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References 1. Sola/Hevi-Duty Corp.,
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FIGURE 2.9.5 Typical phase-reactor
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FIGURE 2.9.10 Two generator arrange
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• Overloading of lines • Increa
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FIGURE 2.9.23 34-kV, 25-MVAR (per p
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V 90 ( X X ) s T (2.9.10a) where,
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Therefore, Line reactive losses = (
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ate of rise of transient-recovery v
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the LLCR is provided in IEEE Std. C
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aluminum shielding, i.e., an oil-im
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Leo J. Savio ADAPT Corporation Ted
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3.1.2.2.2 Heat Dissipation A second
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FIGURE 3.2.1 Solid-type bushing. ma
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1.6 cm. This means that most of the
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where HS = steady-state bushing ho
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the conductivity of the water-solub
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of 178 ohm-m, and a test duration o
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2. Easley, J.K. and Stockum, F.R.,
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FIGURE 3.3.5 Reactance-type LTC, in
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FIGURE 3.3.10 LTC with delta connec
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3.3.5 Selection of Load Tap Changer
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FIGURE 3.3.19 Effect of the leakage
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References Goosen, P.V. , Transform
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If i 1 is the full-load current rat
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TABLE 3.4.1 Loading Recommendations
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3.5.4 Three-Phase Transformer Conne
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FIGURE 3.5.4 Interconnected star-gr
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3.6.1.1 Standards ANSI standards fo
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ANSI standards. LTC control setting
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FIGURE 3.6.7 Discharging the capaci
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FIGURE 3.6.10 Standard switching-im
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voltage of the excited winding, rea
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FIGURE 3.6.18 Current, voltage, and
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TABLE 3.6.3 Transformer Short-Circu
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FIGURE 3.7.3 Control for voltage re
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FIGURE 3.7.6A Feeder with power-fac
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3. Circulating current (current bal
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FIGURE 3.7.10 Control block diagram
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Primary Current (Amps) 60 40 20 0 -
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current transformer having two prim
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87R1 87BL1 (A) Independent Harmonic
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Winding 1 Secondary Currents Data A
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Y Y 20 18 3 rd Harmonic CTR1=40 CTR
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230 kV 3 180 MVA 138 kV 5 CTR1 = 2
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29. Concordia, C. and Rothe, F.S.,
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FIGURE 3.9.1 Measurement of pressur
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H 2m 1. Vertical Forced Air 2. Prin
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Gade, S., Sound Intensity Instrumen
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nected. This steady-state voltage d
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where [A] = state matrix [B] = inpu
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where C = capacitance between the t
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L ijo = N i N j ijo (3.10.31) 1.4
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% VOLTAGE % VOLTAGE 100 BIL 90 50 3
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29. Degeneff, R.C., Reducing Storag
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All connections should be cleaned a
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6. Costs to set up and use a mobile
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Records of relay operation must be
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• Has heating occurred as the res
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a reference value) of the currents
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The next data-processing step is to
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temperature. As the transformer coo
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3.13.3.2 Instrument Transformers Th
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FIGURE 3.13.5 Analysis of bushing s
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temperature. Under abnormal conditi
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3.14.1.2 Accredited Standards Commi
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FIGURE 3.14.4 IEC technical-committ
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TABLE 3.14.2 Relevant Documents for
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TABLE 3.14.5 Relevant Documents for
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TABLE 3.14.9 Relevant Documents for
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TABLE 3.14.13 Relevant Documents fo