PR-0794UK Proofreading and Editing - Upper
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Why do stars twinkle?<br />
Lesson focus<br />
Teachers notes<br />
Punctuation<br />
• Capital letters for proper nouns<br />
• Capital letters for titles<br />
• Grammatical commas<br />
• Apostrophes to show possession<br />
Grammar<br />
• Pronouns<br />
Spelling<br />
• Confused words: threw/through,<br />
which/witch<br />
• Misspelt words<br />
Vocabulary<br />
• Compound words<br />
Writing<br />
Teacher information<br />
An explanation tells how <strong>and</strong> why something happens.<br />
Answers<br />
Twinkle, twinkle, little star<br />
• Double negatives<br />
You may be surprised to learn that stars actually never<br />
do any twinkling at all! When you look at a star, you are<br />
seeing it through the thick layers of air that make<br />
up the Earth’s atmosphere. When the star’s light<br />
passes through these layers of air, the light is bent or<br />
‘refracted’ differently by each layer. This is because of<br />
moisture in the air as well as different air temperatures<br />
<strong>and</strong> the movement of the air. Together, they make the<br />
starlight seem to be moving, which we see as twinkling.<br />
1. Missing punctuation is in bold type.<br />
2. (a) Pronouns are underlined.<br />
(i) you (line 2), it (line 3), they (line 8)<br />
Viewing Sample<br />
surprised<br />
you<br />
it<br />
atmosphere<br />
through<br />
differently<br />
moisture<br />
they<br />
which<br />
(ii) Teacher check<br />
3. Spelling errors are in italic type.<br />
(a) surprised, atmosphere, through, differently, moisture, which<br />
4. (a) Teacher check. Answers may include: starlight, star-spangled, starring, starless, starboard,<br />
star-crossed, stardust, starfish, starflower, stargaze, stargazing, starlet, star-studded <strong>and</strong><br />
starwort.<br />
5. (a) One way of correcting the double negative is underlined in bold.<br />
‘… stars actually never do no twinkling …’ should read ‘… stars actually never do any twinkling<br />
…’ or ‘… stars actually do no twinkling …’<br />
12 <strong>Proofreading</strong> <strong>and</strong> editing skills Prim-Ed Publishing www.prim-ed.com
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